PAGK I
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fcdiiifdaL (paqsL
Private Rights And The Public Good
The Supreme Court decision overturning
several iunch counter sit-in convictions of Ne
groes in southern states leaves untouched a
basic issue of law that may soon have to be
dealt with.
That question is the extent if any to
which an individual property owner, acting
from private choice alone, can be Interfered
with by federal authority if he chooses not
to desegregate his restaurant or other facili
ties. The high court this time really ruled on
only one point: It said state (city) law or the
executive equivalent was used to compel res
taurant owners to enforce segregation at
lunch counters and that such state law is un
constitutional. : : What would it say if there were no such
use of stale power? In an opinion accom
panying the majority view, Justice John Har
lan said:
"An individual's right to restrict the use
of his property, however unregenerate a par
ticular exercise of that right may be thought,
lies beyond the reach of the 14th amendment.
;' ' "Freedom of the individual to choose his
associates or his neighbors, to use and dispose
of his property as he sees fit, to be Irrational,
arbitrary, capricious, even unjust in his per
sonal relations, are things all entitled to a
large measure of protection from government
interference."
' This view is of course not the court
majority's, nor is it directly applicable to the
sit-in cases just now decided.
(Minneapolis Star)
; Many people deplore the flood of sleazy
paperbacks now on the market and with
some reason. But it should not be forgotten
that there are thousands of substantial, schol
arly titles now in paperbacks at what the late,
great Oscar Firkins, professor of comparative
literature at the University of Minnesota, once
called "an endearing little price."
Writing in The New York Times, Eric
Goldman, professor of history at Princeton,
remarks that for $5.75 his students in an
undergraduate course in modern American
hjstory can get considerable insight into what
has gone on in United States society in the
last half century, simply by buying selected
paperbacks.
The little shelf of paperbacks, named
by Professor Goldman, includes Henry F.
Pringlc's "Theodore Roosevelt"; John Mor
IN WASHINGTON . .
By RALPH de TOI.KUANO
The Communist regime in Cuba
has discovered a new threat to
Its stability rook 'n' roll. The
very safety of the state, to believe
a big new propaganda campaign,
l imperiled by an adolescent
cr;.o which has petered out al
most everywhere except In the So
viet Union. Fidel Castro's ter
rors are, moreover, a liltl odd
since rock 'n' roll never caught
on in Cuba, which has music
and dances of its own to occupy
young ami old.
But since Castro scratches ev
ery time Khrushchev itches, the
explanation for the Castro cam
paign comes easily to hand. Itock
'n' roll, for some reason, seems
to infuriate the Ineffable Nikila.
Not only is It "Western" but he
finds it "lewd" ami "obscene."
The Butcher of llie Ukraine, who
ordered the deailis of hundreds o'.
thousands in the Stalin days,
turns squcumish at the sight and
MHind of an adolesi-cnt phenome
non which has lately seized Bus-
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q Who Has the first American
scientist to receive the Nobel Prise
In phvsics?
A-Albcrt A. Mlchelson In 1907
foT the measurement of the speed
of, light.
ft Vthcn did rolastrel traaprt
first make then- appearance la
America?
A-In the middle of the 19th
Century.
O How did the audience re
ceive Lincoln's Gettysburg Ad
dress? i-Ther was little applause.
AND NEWS, Klamath Falli. Ore.
But it is indeed evident that Harlan's
idea gains support from the 14th amendment
itself. It says specifically that "no state" shall
deprive any person of life, liberty or prop
erty without due process of law, nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
In other words, unless it can be shown,
as in the newly decided sit-in cases, that
state power has been used to deny equal pro
tection of the laws to Negroes, the federal
government, through its courts, may be hard
pressed to find a legal basis for challenging
segregation practices on private property.
Curiously, when the state and not the
federal government is acting to bar discrimi
natory practices, the shoe seems to be on the
other foot.
In a case wherein a property owner chal
lenged Massachusetts' antidiscrimination
housing law, the state's highest court ruled
. against the owner. The court said a citizen
cannot use his property "to the detriment of
his follows." It added that "equally funda
mental with the private right is that of the
public to regulate it in the common interest."
Other state high courts have ruled similarly
in matters involving housing and employ
ment practices.
But these decisions are no help to the
federal government, which is an institution of
limited powers. By contrast, say constitutional
lawyers, the state can act in the name of the
"common good" to do almost anything not
barred by its own or the U.S. Constitution.
The Good Paperbacks
ton Blum's "Woodrow Wilson and the Poli
tics of Morality"; Frederick Lewis Allen's
"Only Yesterday"; George F. Kennan's
"American Diplomacy, 1900-1950"; John
Herscy's "Hiroshima," and Theodore II.
White's "The Making of the President: 1960."
One can get almost anything now in pa
per covers, art, history, literature, science,
mathematics, law, psychology, drama what
ever. Paperbacks have made a revolution in
American publishing and in American cul
tural history. Too often, there is loo much
emphasis on cheap, erotic fiction when pa
perbacks are discussed. We tend to forget the
fine job the book publishers have done in
making the works of most distinguished schol
arship available to all. This is part of the na
ture of the democratic process in which the
printing press is free.
Rocanroleros Plague Reds
To the bewilderment of Uie po-lik-ally
unsophisticated in Cuba,
tlio official Radio Itchelde and
tlx magazine Bohemia have been
almost literally frothing over the
putative effects of what they por
tray as a rampaging group of
"rocanroleros." The "rocanroler
os" are being portrayed as a com
bination of zoot-siuters. beatniks,
Teddy-boys, and lcad Knd kids
financed and encouraged by
the US imperialists and dedicat
ed to the corruption of Cuba's
"revolutionary purity."
Itadio BebeKle describes the
"nlmos rocanroleros" as "a
grave crime against our father
land, and especially against our
youth." Now rovk 'n' roll was
never any contribution to tlie
musical or torpsichorcan arts
but as fads go it was no worse
than swallowing goldfish or crowd
ing into telephone booths. It was
a manifestation of glandular exu
berance. Fur the Communist theoreti
cians, however, H held something
tk-cply sinister. "It is no secret."
they argue, "that rock 'n' roll
brings w ith it the idea of unbridled
youth, of a youth without purpose,
really sick, corrupted by a sys
tem which, unable to provide high
ideals, gives it tlie opportunity
to relievo their virile imctus in
vicious and non-productive ex
pressions." Having seen the
rumba as it is done in non-tourist
stmts In Latin America. I am a
little bemused by this description.
This bewilderment persists w lien
I learn that tlie proscribed "frcn
fied music" is being used to "haul
the very young" into the net of
"parasitical elements, homosexu
als, and dope peddlers." l'm
sure that Haul Castro, tlie dicta
tor's sadistic brother, would ob
ject to any aspersions cast on the
last two categories.)
Monday, June 3, 1901
One of flic attacks on the "roc
anroleros" descrilies what pur
ports to lie a typical example: "A
long-haired type, wearing a thick
red shirt, brown woolen spoils
Jacket, corduroy pants, and cu
rious shoes and mixture of moc
casins ami slippers, cmliellislvcd
with grey suede ornaments."
If this is an accurate picture,
tlion Fidel Castro need not fear
the inroads of rock V roll. No
young man dressed ill that fash
ion could survive the heat of
Havana for very long. He will
either collapse from a stroke or
just melt away.
The "rocanroleros" are clearly
depraved, and they arc being led
even further astray by pornogra
phy to go with their pornographic
niiiMC Tlie Castro propagandists
insist that the U S. is in league
with West Germany in this en
deavor. In fact, a man idcnlilied
as being on tlie slalf of tlie non
existent West German Kmbassy
in Havana is accused of distribut
ing du ly pictures to the nonexis
tent rock 'n' roll set.
tin the face of it. the sight
of Communist Cuba straining at
tlie gnat of a half-forgotten fad
would be rather funny. But as
Radio HeboMe says, giving away
tlie show: "'the arts are a subtle
form of penetration, and we have
to remain on guard against all
tpe of penetration " Hook 'n'
roll is a straw man, easy to
knock down. What Uie Commu
nists fear is not tlie music, not
the dance, but the idea that any
thing American will find accepta
bility among the Cuban people.
Fidel Castro wivukl ohjecl to Bee
thoven's Fifth Symphony, with its
"V for Victory" theme, if he
thought the enslaved Cubans
would associate it with the free
dom once dangled before them
by the United Slates but now
witlidrawn.
Letters To The Editor
Survey
As secretary of the Klamath
Union High School District No. 2
Citizens Committee I have been
asked to write a survey of the
work of this committee.
As everyone is well aware, a
year ago last May a ballot pro
posal for the construction of two
junior, high schools was soundly
defeated. Following this the School
Board of District No. 2 put before
the people of that district a pro
posal to build a second high school
to be located at the Summers
I.ane site. For the second time a
proposal by the School Board was
defeated. By the time school
opened in the fall the problem
was still unsolved.
The board of District No. 2 then
turned to the community. Letters
wore written to organizations ask
ing them to send a representative
to an organizational meeting of a
Citizens Committee to study the
problem. On Sept. 20. 1962. this
committee was formed and was
asked to evaluate the .situation
and report to tlie School Board.
Tlie first meetings were spent
in becoming acquainted with the
problem and the first official ac
tion was a motion declaring the
committee's recognition that a
problem existed. Tlie committee
then proceeded to study solutions
in the previously proposed and de
feated plans. The Junior High
System won much acclaim, but
how could this be accomplished?
To alleviate the overcrowded high
school, a junior high system in
cluding the eighth and ninth
grades had to be established.
Where did the problem lay? The
barrier was that the first eight
grades fell under tlie jurisdiction
of District No. 1 and the county
whereas the four high school
grades are under tlie District No.
2 Board.
Tlie children of the high school
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"I'm a Pacifist!"
had received their primary educa
tion under two separate school dis
tricts and then upon entering K.U.
fell under the supervision of a
third district. How could this be
resolved? U the voters of Ele
mentary District No. 1 (city ele
mentary) and the suburban part
of tlie County District (elemen
tary I were asked to release their
eighth grade students to become
a part of the High School Dis
trict and then failed to provide
money to house these students, it
would be disastrous. If the people
voted to build a school or schools
for a Junior High System and then
the release of the eighth grade
students was denied, we would
have a like situation. No solution
seemed forthcoming here.
Next we studied the building ol
one, large Junior High School at
the Ponderosa site. It must be
remembered that Ponderosa be
longs to Elementary District No.
1 and a sale of property would
have to take place. Elementary
Board No. 1 justly stated that
they could not release their prop
erties unless they were certain
they no longer had tlie eighth
grade of their district to,
house and educate. Again this
could not be guaranteed so this
plan had to be set aside.
It was generally agreed that be
cause of the vote on a second
high school at the Summers Lane
site this need not be pursued.
Continued study convinced the
group that the problem lay in the
fact that the children of the metro
politan area were divided into
three separate districts between
their first year in school and their
12th. Each "if" seemed to hinge
on the separation between the
eighth and the ninth grades in
jurisdiction of education. Healiz
ing that to correct this situation
we would have to talk reorgani
zation, we began to look into the
procedure for accomplishing this.
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Here again we found many
problems. First of all our laws
governing reorganization were
confusing. Except for two meth
ods we could not accomplish re
organization without special legis
lation, for Klamath County had
been made exempt. '
We studied the Single District,
Metropolitan, Gerrymander and
District within the boundaries of
Elementary No. 1. The more we
studied the more we realized that
this would have to be investigated
by people more familiar with the
technicalities of education, tax
ation and school law.
On Dec. 13, 1962, the sum of a
three-month study ended with the
following recommendation:
The committee recommends to
the Board of District No. 2 the
following:
1. Because the reorganization of
our districts into a unified system
of grades one through 12 is imper
ative to the best education of our
children, and
2. Because, until Uie lines or
borders of the unified districts arc
determined, the placement of the
buildings or buildings cannot be
determined on a practical basis,
and
3. Because tlie people of this
community have expressed the
opinion that they would like to
find a solution to our present
problem that would be long range
and not a stopgap measure, and
4. Because tlie ultimate decision
is the duty of the elected school
board.
We therefore wish to have
Boards No. 1 and No. 2 and the
county begin to meet together im
mediately to discuss the informa
tion and plans brought forth by
this Citizens Committee and pro
ceed to a definite plan on reorgan
ization of our school districts
into a unified district or districts,
to be completed in time that if
legislation be necessary, it can be
accomplislied in this legislative
year (1863).
This committee is to be included
in attendance at these meetings.
The Citizens Committee contin
ued to meet with the combined
School Boards Association until
tlie petitioned One County District
was proposed.
In April of this year the Citizens
Committee again met and reaf
firmed their recommendation of
Dec. 13. IW2.
Trudy Karr,
2116 Herbert Street.
Theory
The "more efficient education
al operation" Mr. Canlrall advo
cates under the one district coun
ty unit appears to me to be an
opinion based on theory only,
without consideration given to lo
cal interests throughout the coun
ty, and the results of emotional
issues, however much we would
prelcr otherwise.
Personalities and emotional is
sues recently resulted in Morrow
County's presently being with
out an effective school board,
without a budget to operate tlveir
schools, and with tlie loss of
their school superintendent on
July 1. One board member was
recalled, the budget was defeat
ed, four board members resigned,
the chairman of the budget com
mittee resigned, and tlie super
intendent of schools submitted his
resignation cffcetie July 1. Mor
row County voted to go Into a
county unit school district about
four years a.o. and this is the
result now
This muht not happen in Klam
ath County, but forcing the one
district county unit on the rural
icstilents of Klamath Count v
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Steve Martinot is a bright
eyed, sandy-haired young man
whose personal sympathies I i e
more with Mao Tse-tung than
with Nikita Khrushchev.
A graduate of Antioch College,
Martinot is now active in the
Progressive Labor Party, a group
formed in January, 1962, by Milt
Rosen and Mortimer Scheer.
The pair, top-ranking New York
Reds, were bounced from t h e
Communist Party in late 1962 for
r.eo-Trotskyism, for opposition to
tlie party's united front policy.
They favored a more militant
approach in U.S. affairs and
openly, sided with the Chinese
and Albanians in their dispute
with Mother Russia.
Several months after their ex
pulsion, Scheer and Rosen formed
Progressive Labor. A real "find"
is Martinot.
Martinot quickly tried to form a
Progressive Labor student club
at Columbia University, where he
was pursuing graduate studies.
He told the campus newspaper:
"We consider ourselves Marxist-Leninists.
Whatever name you
want to call us, Communist, So
cialist, if it fits, we will wear it.
We defend the Communist Party's
right to exist in the United
States and we are opposed to
the sustained campaign against
it.
"Our goal is to work toward
establishment of a revolutionary
Socialist Party in the United
States. The aim would be for
the working class, people who
don't have a stake in management
or ownership, to seize political
control of the state."
Martinot is now actively try
ing to recruit students for a
month-long trip to Cuba this sum
mer in violation of U.S. law. It was
Martinot and a handful of others
who last year formed the Ad Hoc
Committee for Travel to Cuba.
They planned to visit Castroland
last Christmas, but were forced to
abandon the idea when Canadian
authorities refused to let them
use Toronto as a jumping - off
place.
An Ad Hoc leader then said
the trip had not been cancelled.
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
"Enthusiasm" is generally cited
as an absolute virtue by its pro
ponents, who rarely bother to ask
themselves whether there is an
optimum point beyond which en
thusiasm turns into a vice.
Indeed, the line between enthu
siasm and fanaticism is a thin
one; and beliefs that are too pas
sionately held tend to deny the
rights of any other beliefs. Some
times, in fact, enthusiasm is a
substitute for reasoned belief,
rather than a consequence of it.
Some years ago. Bertram! Rus
sell warned us that "Tlie opinions
that are held with passion arc al
ways those for which no good
ground exists; indeed, the passion
is the measure of the holder's lack
of rational conviction."
It is sometimes said to be a
weakness of democracy that those
of us who profess R do not hold
our convictions as ardently or te
naciously as those who subscribe
to communist or fascist doctrines.
This is true, but I regard it as a
strength rather than as a weak
ness. To be dogmatic and doc
trinaire about democracy is a con
tradiction in terms. Democracy
cannot be pushed down people's
throats; it cannot be imposed
upon them "for their own good."
or it becomes as diabolic as the
totalitarian systems.
In an interesting article on "Sci
entists. Seers and Strategy." in
the April issue of "Foreign Af
fairs." Prof. Albert Wohlstetter re
minds us that, in discussing the
complex political - military prob
lems we face, "the primary thing
is not to be positive."
The basic failure of the physical
scientists and engineers in their
turbulent history during tlie cold
war. he tolls us. "is not llicir lack
of prescience but their acting fre
quently as if they had it."
Zealots are positive. Idcalocues
are positive. Bigots are positive.
But a democratic society must
be willing to give up tlie small
psychological advantage engend
ered by that kind of positiveness;
it must be tentat ive. flexible, open
to new possibilities, continually
would create hard feelings and
bitterness that would take many
jears to dissipate. With live usual
' no" votes on budcets and build
ing levies always found in tlie
metropolitan KLunath Falls area
added to an almost solid "no"
Mle by the rural populace if this
is forced upon us. it would he
most difficult to pas an operat
ing budget, let alone a levy for
new buildings in Klamath Falls.
Mary I.. Haskins.
Merrill. Ore.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Cuban Sympathizers
Will Visit Homeland
but merely postponed until sum
mer. "We will go via another
route," he said.
Investigators of the House Un
American Activities Committee
have discovered that Ad Hoc
leaders then changed tlie name
of their group to Permanent
Committee for Travel to Cuba.
They plan to leave this July for
Havana and "all expenses includ
ing air transportation from Tor
onto to Cuba and return are to
be paid by the Federation of Uni
versity Students of Cuba." ac
cording to HUAC investigators.
Committee probers' called Mar
tinot and two running mates for
testimony last week. Martinot
talked openly about his plans,
but not so Anatol Isaac Schlosser.
Schlosser, a much - educated
young man, repeatedly took the
Fifth Amendment when asked
about the trip. Among those ques
tions he refused to answer was:
"Have you had contact with rep
resentatives of the Czech embassy
since the severance of diplomatic
relations between Cuba and the
United States?"
A third witness in the HUAC
probes was Vincent Theodore Lee,
current chief of the Fair Play
for Cuba Committee. Lee, said
committee investigators, violated
the law by spending 22 days in
Cuba last January without a vali
idated passport. He refused to
deny the allegation, hiding behind
the Fifth Amendment.
Asked whether or not he had
received funds from Fidel Cas
tro, Lee declined to answer.
Lee has two predecessors as
Fair Play chieftains. The first,
Robert Tabcr, an ex-convict who
served time for armed robbery,
kidnaping and auto theft, left
for Cuba when Senate investiga
tors began looking into his group.
He has since returned and dropped
out of Castro activities.
The second, Richard Gibson,
has gone to Algeria.
Lee is a former seaman who
now calls himself a "furniture
maker." He faces possible prose
cution for his Cuban jaunt. If
indicted and convicted, he could
spend five years in federal prison.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
questioning its own basic assump
tions. This is essentially what science
does, when it is operating truly
and freely, in a rational atmos
phere. The scientist is enthusiastic
about his pursuit of truth; but he
is extremely skeptical that he has
ever attained more than a portion
of it. or that he grasps it in ex
actly Uie right way.
Not to be positive is one of the
cardinal virtues of a democraUc
society But since political power
is usually seized by enthusiasts of
one stripe or another, Uie exercise
o.' dispassionate reason in a de
mocracy aluays faces the danger
of being crushed between compel
tng passions.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Monday, June 3. the
ljtlh day of 1963 with 211 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
full phase.
Tlie morning stars are Venus.
Jupiter and Saturn.
Tlie evening star is Mars.
On this day in history:
In ism. at the battle of Cold
Harbor. Va.. Gen. Ulysses S.
Grant failed to outflank and
smash Gen. Robert E. Lee's
Army of Northern Virginia.
In 1933. the French liner Nor
mamiie made her maiden voyage
across the Atlantic in four davs,
11 hours, and 42 seconds, estab
lishing a new record.
In I9.T7, the Duke of Windsor,
formerly King Edward VIII of
Great Britain, was married to
Mrs. Wallis Warlield Simpson of
Baltimore.
In 1940. the Allied evacuation at
Diinkerque. France, which began
on May S8. was completed.
thought (or the day Union
Gen. I'Ksses S. Grant said: "La
bor disgraces no man; unfortun
ately you occasionally find men
disgrace labor."
THEY
CAN
o T . , .
"
A textbook flight. ... Bui in
the last le hours we used every
page in the book.
D. Rrainrrd Holms, director
of manned spare flight for NASA,
oei astronaut Gordon Cooper's 22
rtiil flight.