PAGE
IIKRALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore
Wednesday, May 3), 1963
EDSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Wheat Ballot Muddies
Legislation Picture
"All I Sqid Was, 'We Must Put
Our. Differences on the Table!"'
dii&iiaL (paqsL
K'.-;7.-"'
Victory
;f We were all up there with Gordon Coop
erj through the dark hours and the light. We
should have been.
'-' Some say we should not be exploring the
unknowns of space while so many of the
known things of earth are in disarray.
By this reasoning, Christopher Columbus
should not have sailed in quest of a west
ern passage to the Indies so long as peasants
in Spain and Italy were hungry and ill-clad.
But even as it is troubled with its failures
in soncs of life already known, the human
spirit must aspire, must search ahead, must
soar. President Kennedy wisely described Gor
don Cooper's great space flight as a victory for
the human spirit.
; We must all marvel at the precision
vbich enables our space engineers to thrust
a 'tiny capsule into a "slot" in the sky, send
it hurtling through 22 orbits of the globe and
then bring it splashing down to the sea with
in, a few miles of its target ship.
- Cooper's calm expertness, his sense of
mastery over the curious vehicle that carried
him, gave a richly human touch to his unique
adventure far and away the longest space
flight of any American.
If comparison must be drawn, he did not,
of course, match the 64 orbits and the 48 or
bits of the two Russians who soared aloft last
The Anatomy Of A
(Star-News, Pasadena, Calif.)
In a column recently commending the
proposal to confer honorary U.S. citizenship
on Winston Churchill, Marquis Childs touched
admiringly on his invention of the phrase
"Iron Curtain" to describe the dividing line
between free Europe and the part of it that
has fallen under Russian control. Churchill,
of course, is the most celebrated phrase
maker of our age; any schoolboy today can
quote him or should be able to the way
those of earlier generations quoted Patrick
Henry's and Nathan Hale's ringing declara
tions. Childs' comment set us to musing about
what it is that goes into a telling descriptive.
Such analysis probably is as fruitless, at bot
IN WASHINGTON . . .
GOP
By RALPH it TOLEDANO
In politics tilings are seldom
what they seem until lliey be
come precisely what they looked
like from the beginning. This is
what drives politicians mad ami
reporters to drink. It also makes
life a little leu humdrum.
The current shenanigans In
the Republican Party are a case
In point. Kor example: There Is
some hee-hawing becauso Gen
eral Eisenhower. Richard Nixon,
and Governor William Scranton
of Pennsylvania arc supposedly
meeting "secretly" in some mo
tel hideaway.
"That." says one correspondent
looking for confirmation into his
Rlasj, "proves It. Ike and Dick
are shafting George Romney.
They're convinced that Rocke
feller cun t go the distance. So
thcy'ra interviewing the new
help."
But it proves nothing at all,
not really. True, .Mr. Eisenhow
er has in the past expressed his
satisfaction with Governor Georgo
Romney of Michigan and Indicat
ed that he w-otild supiwrt him for
the Republican Presidential nnm
ination In I'M. And true, again,
the Eisenhower Nixon team be
lieves that the Nelson Rockefel
ler escutcheon has been soiled
by his precipitate marriage to a
woman barely free of previous
marriage bonds. Hut Eisenhower
Nixon Scranton meeting Is a
meaningless slraw-in-thc-wind,
The devious or surface meaning
of the confrontation vanishes
when to this intelligence is added
a rather important fact. Just
prior to the reported meeting,
Governor Romney spoke at the
National Press Club. Mr. Nixon
was secretly in Washington at
the same lime. Since Dick Nixon
is acting as General Eisenhow
er' honest broker, tliose few
people- who (as of this writing)
knew of his presence in the na
tion's capital are certain that
ho had a significant conference,
with .Mr. Romney.
One set of fads cancels out
the otlwr. Two other sets of facts
must also be weighed in the bal
ance. Is Governor Nelson Rocke
feller as through politically as
For The Human Spirit
Merry - Go
the smart money says? And where
does Mr. Nixon stand.?
Those who have written off
Mr. Rockefeller are making a
mistake quite common among pol
iticians and newspapermen. Tliey
do not consider their own reac
tions or those of their friends.
Tliey think in terms of what the
mythical oilier man "must" be
thinking. No concerted and un
biased effort has yet been made
to determine how the various vot
ing blocs really feel about the
Rockefeller double remarriage.
It is conceivable that it has really
done him so little harm Uiat it
w ill be forgotten by the time the
convention rolls around. By the
same token, It may have blown
the governor out of the political
water.
Mr. Nixon's intentions are
something else again and as
the Rockefeller (ones retreat tem
porarily, the belief Is w idely held
that the former Vice President
is thinking of a possible deadlock
which would turn the convention
to him. He has lost his Cali
fornia Kise, but he still keeps
his supply lines open to I lie Cali
fornia contingent in the House of
Representatives. The wise money
argues that Mr. Nixon moved to
New York at the bcliest of Gover
nor Rockefeller but no one has
pinved this yet.
So it's a question of what lies
on Hie surface and what may
swim below it. Scramble lliese
facts and another conclusion can
be reached. In fact, all it means
is this: General Eiscnliower, .Mr.
Nixon, and tlie Eastern Republi
can kingmakers have gotten a
little panicky at tlie thought that
tlieir front ruiutcr. Governor
Rockefeller, seems to be in a
slump. So they are cabling about
possible substitutes. Tliey have
not made up their mind and
you can bet your last dollar
that they have not maile any
deals. It's much too early.
The real panic, however, is only
tangentially connected wiUi Nel
son Rockefeller. What worries tlie
kingmakers in their executive
suites is the quiet confidence of
tlie Barry Goldwalcr forces. Tlie
reports reaching Ue Republican
National Committee and the work
August. But the difference has to do with Rus
sia's superior rocket thrust. In the quality of
our space flight, we are at least equal before
the world.
And it is no small triumph that we have
now managed six consecutive successful space
flights in six tries. The Russians have mounted
just four, even though they hold the orbital
record. Moreover, strong rumor has it that
they have suffered at least a few failures, with
disastrous consequences for their pilots.
This nation having done so well, we can
not now break off and bury ourselves in our
laboratories for a long hibernation. We must
program more visible ventures soon, to impart
to our explorations the competitive drive they
need in a great competitive struggle.
Free world security is bound up in this
race with Russia to master space and reach
the moon and the planets. But there is more.
Space is one great frontier of the human
spirit today. If free men are right in saying
freedom gives the human spirit its fullest rein,
how can we dare be second in the adventuring
at that frontier?
To fail thus might be to fail in the su
preme tests of will on earth between freedom
and tyranny. Gordon Cooper has acted for us
all in a remarkable flight which says that
must not happen.
Phrase
tom, as attempting to determine precisely
what makes for a successful song or poem.
It is easy to report how one reacts, but less
easy to say just why.
But at least we can have some fun try
ing. "Iron" was precisely the word; it con
notes brutality, imprisonment, and crudity in
a way that "steel" or "stone" never would.
And "curtain" is much hetter, than, say
"wall"; it connotes concealment for conceal
ment's sake. It also holds out hope; a curtain
that is rung down can also be rung up. To
gether the words conjure up an image that is
striking because it combines familiar ele
ments in an unexpected way. Besides all this,
the phrase was calculated to make the cap
tors squirm.
- Round
ing politicians in Washington are
too consistent to be overlooked.
Tlie king makers, as tliey evaluate
these reports, tend to give the im
pression that they'd rather lose
with anybody than win with Sen
ator Goldwater.
What happens between now and
tlie summer of 14 in the Cold
water cump may determine the
outcome of the convention and
the Presidential election. Mr.
Goldwater, you may be assured,
is no slioo-m for tlie nomination.
Hut for tlie first time in decades,
a conservative is the front run
ner. In 1952. tlie Republican
Party wanted Senator Robert
Taft, but tlie people wanted Gen
eral Eisenhower. Today the roles
arc reversed. Tlie professionals
want Rockefeller or Romney or
Scranton or you name him. Tlie
voters, at least in the South and
tlie Midwest heartlands, want
Rarrv.
Al
manac
By I nited Press International
Today is Wednesday, May 29.
the Until day of 1963 with 516 to
follow.
The moon is at first quarter.
The morning stars are Venus.
Jupiter and Saturn.
Tlie evening star is Mars.
Those born today include John
Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th Presi.
dent of the I'nitod States, in 1917.
On this day in history:
In 17-Ki. Rhode Islam! ratified
the U.S. Constitution by a vote of
34:12. It was tlie last of tlie 13
colonies to do so.
In 1865. President Andrew John
son issued a proclamation of am
nesty extending a presidential
pardon to all Southerners who
participated in tlie Civil War.
In I'M. Edmund Hillary and
Tensing Noikay reached the top
of Mount Everest, the first per
sons in history to top the world's
highest mountain.
A thought lor the day French
philosopher Montaigne said: "In
tellect, when misapplied, is a dan
gerous hutl."
A Serious
(In The New York Times)
By WILLIAM L. LAURENCE
The President's Science Advis
ory Committee issued a report
last week cautioning the nation
against the indiscriminate use of
pesticides. Stressing that tlieir use
must be continued to maintain the
quality of the nation's food and
health, the panel of distinguished
scientists also called for more
research into potential health haz
ards and, in the interim, for
more judicious use of the chemi
cals in homes and in tlie field.
Dr. Jerome B. Wicsner, Special
Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology who is
also chairman of the committee,
(old a Senate Government Opera
tions subcommittee that the un
controlled use of poisonous chem
icals, including pesticides, is "po
tentially a much greater hazard"
than radioactive fallout. How
ever, he added that no one knows
the full story of the effects of
this pollution, and he urged that
Congress support creation of a
large environmental health center
to get the facts.
Pros and Cons
President Kennedy said he has
already requested Government
agencies to implement recommen
dations in the report, including
the drawing up of legislative pro
posals. In attaining greater ability to
manipulate his environment, the
report states, man has some
times inflicted damage on himself
and on his surroundings.
Besides enabling spectacular
increases in agricultural produc
tion, the report slates, pesticides
have freed man from communi
cable diseases to an unprece
dented extent. In less developed
areas of the w-orld, malaria, ty
phus and yellow fever, which
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Danger In
caused tlie death and disability of
millions, are now limited and in
some locations eradicated.
Pest control has also resulted
in foodstuffs of the highest quali
ty, and the cost of animal pro
tein is lower because large losses
of cattle from sick fever and
grubs no longer occur.
On the other hand, the report
points out, it has now become
clear that while pesticides de
stroy harmful insects and plants,
they may also be toxic to bene
ficial plants and animals, includ
ing man. Tlieir toxic effects in
large doses are known and pre
cautions can be taken. "But we
must now take measures to en
sure that continued exposures to
small amounts of these chemicals
in our environment will not be
harmful over long periods of
time."
Little is known, the scientists
say, about the consequences to
man when he accumulates more
Ulan one pesticide in his body.
Synergism, or potentiation, is tlie
joint action of two agents which
results in an effect that is much
greater than the sum of their
individual effects. "Some combi
nations of two organic phosphates
have produced effects ten limes
tliose observed when cither com
pound was fed separately."
Accidental acute poisoning in
man. the report adds, has been
caused by about fifty pesticides,
including at least one compound
from each major class. Each
year, approximately 150 deaths
are attributed to the misuse of
pesticides in tlie I'nitcd States.
Many kinds of insect control
programs, tlie report states, have
produced substantial mortalities
among birds and other wildlife.
Some fatalities have been the
result of carelessness or nondi
rected use; others have followed
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Pesticides
programs carried out exactly as
planned.
Bird .Mortality 80 Per Cent
Mortalities among birds have
approached 80 per cent in areas
heavily treated with DDT for
Dutch Elm disease control, with
heptachlor for imported fire ant
control and with aldrin and diel
drin for controlling the Japanese
beetle. Fish losses have been ex
tensive even with lower rates of
application in programs such as
spruce budworm control using
DDT.
Pink shrimp have been experi
mentally poisoned by 0.9 p a r t s
per billion of heptachlor. Other
marine organisms are also highly
sensitive. The growth of young
oysters has been inhibited by con
centrations as low as 3 parts per
100 million of 'chlordanc, hepta
chlor or rcnenone.
The science panel urged the
development by the Department
of Health, Welfare and Educa
tion of a comprehensive data
gathering program so that the
levels of pesticides can be deter
mined in occupational workers,
in individuals know n to have been
repeatedly exposed and in a
sample of the general population.
As a minimum the survey should
include determinations on fat,
brain, liver, and reproductive or
gans in adults and infants: exami
nations to determine if placental
transmission occurs: and determi
nation of levels in human milk.
"These studies should use sam
ples sufficiently large and proper
ly drawn to obtain a clear un
derstanding of the manner in
which these chemicals arc ab
sorbed and distributed in the hu
man body."
Restricted Use
As a first step, tlie panel rec
ommends that the various agen
cies of the Federal Government
restrict wide use of persistent
insecticides except for necessary
control of disease vectors. It also
recommends that toxicity stud
ies include determination of:
1. Effect on reproduction
through at least two generations
in at least two species of warm
blooded animals. Observations
should include effects on fertility,
size and weight of litter, fetal
mortality, teratogenicity, growth
and development of sucklings and
wcanings.
2. Chronic effects on organs
of both immature and adult ani
mals, with particular emphasis
on tumorigcnicity and other ef
fects common to the class of com
pounds of which the test substance
is a member.
3. Possible synergism and po
tentiation of efiects of commonly
used pesticides with such com
monly used drugs as sedatives,
tranquilizers, analgesics, anti-hy-pertenstve
acents and steroid hor
mones, which are administered
over long periods.
"In the end.'' tlie report states,
''society must decide, and to do
so. it must obtain adequate infor
mation on w hich to base its judg
ments. Tlie decision is an uncom
fortable one which can never be
final but must lie constantly in
llux as circumstances change and
knowledge increases "
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q Id his orbit did Commander
.Vhlrrs pass over any Communist
countries?
A-So.
Q-Why was the Republic nt Li
beria established?
A As a home for freed Ameri
.m slaves.
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON INE.M - Poli
tical implications of tlie farmer's
referendum rejecting tlie Kenne
dy administration 1964 w heat pro
gram may not be clarified much
before next year's presidential
and congressional elections. Of
perhaps even more importance,
the wheat vote muddies the whole
farm legislation picture, greatly
impairing needed new cotton and
dairy programs.
Republican leaders hail defeat
of the administration wheat pro
gram as a repudiation of all farm
control policies advocated by Sec
retary of Agriculture Orville S.
Freeman. They call for his resig
nation, even though the President
expresses confidence in Freeman
and gives him credit for working
to increase United States farm
income to the highest levels since
1&3.
At the same time, Republican
farm belt congressmen are rush
ing in with new wheat legislation
tliey want passed this year to raise
support prices well above the lev
els of $1.23 a bushel, which will
be in effect under existing law.
Sen. Karl Mundt, R-S.D., is in
troducing a bill to continue the 1963
wheat program, which would
mean a government support price
of $2 a bushel. GOP Reps. Albert
H. Quic of Minnesota, Bob Dole
ol Kansas, Don Short of North
Dakota and others are sponsoring
new wheat legislation which would
reduce the support price to be
tween 65 and 90 per cent of pari
ty, which would be $1.62 to $2.25
a bushel.
Department of Agriculture ex
perts admit that as a result of
the farm vote rejecting stricter
controls, government wheat pro
gram costs may be reduced on the
1964 crop.
But if the prospect of lower
wheat prices causes farmers to
put more 1963 wheat under gov
ernment loan and if the remov
al of strict controls of planting
causes a 25 to 30 per cent increase
in planting for 1965 the gov
crnmcnt wheat program costs
may rise by $2 billion to $3 billion
a year. And it will take longer
to get production back under con
trol. If tlie situation should develop
in this way, the Republicans are
proposing a program that will
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
In his recent book, "On Know
ing." which I unreservedly recom
mend, Jerome Bruner. professor
of psychology at Harvard, ob
serves that, "In time, and as one
comes to benefit from experience,
one learns that things will turn
out neither as well as one hoped
for nor as badly as one feared."
We can learn fairly early in
lile that our fears are generally
exaggerated the "bad" things
that happen to us are not nearly
so bad after they happen as they
seemed in anxious expectation of
them. There is some compensa
tion in almost every loss: the
mind takes care of that.
What is much harder to learn,
however, and what is usually not
learned until quite late in life
t unless we are possessed of ex
ceptional maturity js that the
"good" things that happen to us
are not quite as fully satisfying,
no not solve our problems, as we
had hoped.
Every gain seems larger before
we have it than after we have
achieved it: the raise that looked
so considerable a jear ago has
added to our expenses without
substantially increasing our sav
ings; tlie woman who fitted our
needs so exquisitely during the
engagement is a moon whose
"dark side'' we begin to glimpse
only after the marriage.
L'nless we are able to h o I d
our lears and our hopes in a
more or less sophisticated equi
librium, we are continually in
danger of losing our emotional
balance, of pinning too much
on tlie Big Break or shrinking
away too fearfully from the spec
tre ol failure and disaster.
If we look back upon our child
hood, we can plainly see how ob
vious this is: ncitlier the catas
trophes nor the triumphs were
as meaningful or decisive as wc
had imagined. Yet tlie time ahead
of us is not much different from
the time past - it u the same
psychological game, played on a
Uir-cr Male, for larger stakes, but
still nut as consequential to our
souls as we still, half - childish
!. imagine.
The public is balflod. and a little
contemptuous, toward those celeb
rities 'usually in the entertain
ment world' who despite, fame
Inrtiinc. extraordin.irv good lonki
and all the other desiderata we
wipe out about all the economy!
cuts they now hope to make in
the Kennedy budget.
Republican farm leaders under
Rep. Charles B. Hocven of Iowa
nevertheless liope to sell a new
wheat program to the GOP lead
ership and make it parly policy.
The pilch seems to be to blame
the Democrats it a new wheat bill
is not passed.
Department of Agriculture of
ficials concede that if new wheat
legislation can be passed before
the end of August it will be in
time to control 1964 winter wheat
crop planting. If only Republi
cans vote for it, however, it is al
most sure to be defeated because
of the 3-to-2 Democratic majori
ty in the House and the 2-to-l
Democratic majority in the Sen
ate. Democratic congressional lead
ers are all insisting that there
will be no new wlieat legislation
passed this session. This is based
on the fact that defeat of the
proposed controls in the wheat
referendum docs not mean that
there is no wheat program at all
for 1964.
Congress last year adopled per
manent wheat legislation with
minimum 50 per cent p parity
price supports for farmers who
comply with limited production
controls. This point is said to
be not well understood general-
Furthermore, there will be
another referendum on wheat
marketing quotas and acreage al
lotments prior to Juno 13, 1904,
to govern 1965 wheat crop plant
ing. This offers a chance to cor
rect any faults which develop be
fore election day.
While the 1963 referendum re
sult is hailed as a great victory
for the American Farm Bureau
Federation which campaigned
heavily against Freeman's pro
gram, it is notable that no one
in this dispute advocates a com
pletely free market with all gov
ernment controls, price support
and conservation payments re
moved. Desirable as such a develop
ment might be from the view
point of government economy, it
is conceded that a completely free
agriculture, suddenly imposed,
would produce only chaos.
The drop in w heat prices after
the referendum result became
known is considered indicative.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
so ardently yearn for, never
theless are disgruntled, unhappy,
confused, and sometimes embit
tered to the point of suicide.
Such personalities cannot be
understood unless wc recognize
that they have been betrayed by
their hopes coming true. They de
lusively believed that things would
be well once fame and fortune
were theirs: and all their fanati
cal striving for success was di
rected toward this end. When
their infantile wishes were grati
fied, however, they quickly found
that some basic satisfaction had
eluded them. They had climbed
to the peak but the top of the
mountain is cold, windy, and lone
some. Hope, of course, is a betler
comrade - in arms than fear,
if we must make a choice. But
both attitudes must be tempered
by the calm recognition thai
neither leads us to heaven or
to hell.
LETTERS
TO THE
EDITOR
No Favor
We keep reading about all of
our children being equalized un
der a one district county unit sys
tem. It sounds nice, but what
does it mean? If it means they
will all have equal educational
opportunities and school facilities,
it sounds even betler. All men
tion of rural tax increase is care
fully avoided.
If we rural people fell there
were advantages to having our
rural schools equal to Kf. c
would have voted ourselves a tax
increase. Please don't do us any
favors!
But if you mean you want us
rural people to lielp you with
your overcrowding problem at
hi', why not quit putting fancy
name? on it and admit you plan
to sink us with tlie bill?
Virginia Kent.
Lanccll Valley.