i
PACE S
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath f alls, Orp.
Monday, April 15, 19M
diiouaL (paqsL
Our Unique Revolution
'. From the earliest days of our history as
a free nation, we have felt a kinship for other
peoples struggling for independence. More
thn that, we have believed we could serve as
something of a model for them.
Consequently we have been puzzled that,
In the last 15 years, so few among the many
emerging nations of Asia and Africa have
taken us for an example.
Now a Vassar history professor, Carl N.
Deglcr, vigorously questions whether we can
find useful parallels between our remarkable
story and that of the new countries of the
mid-20th century.
Writing in The American Scholar, he sug
gests that scrutiny of our past indicates "our
experience is too special to be a guide to the
life of other people."
Ho starts with the American Revolution
itself, which he describes as stemming from
a deeply conservative effort to redress griev
ances within the British colonial system, rath
er than a heart-felt wish to break away. It
became a fight for freedom only When Ameri
cans reluctantly concluded redress could be
had no other way.
"There was in America no long drawn
out underground independence movement, as
in India under Ghandi or Ghana under Nkru
mah," says Dcglcr.
Acknowledging that we have always tak
en an Interest In other people's revolutions,
he notes, however, that where they did not
take the American pattern and lead quickly
to orderly democratic societies, we became
disillusioned and sometimes openly hostile.
Certainly we have in fact exhibited some
such disappointment in recent years as we
watched the almost ungovernable chaos in
the Congo and the leftward leanings of Ghana
and Guinea to mention just two among the
newly independent.
We are perhaps inclined to forget that
most of the new nations have had altogether
too little experience, if any, at operating demo
cratic institutions and practicing orderly gov
ernment. As for us, we had a century and a half
of virtual self-government under colonial rule
before the Revolution. Kven at that, we went
through a horrendous period of chaos under
the Articles of Confederation before steady
hands took hold under the new Constitution.
We could not name one nation on earth
which had as much practice at self-government
as we did before independence. We were
able to build on our past. Most of today's
new countries want to repudiate theirs.
The differences between our experience
and theirs are many more, not the least of
them our abundance of fertile, available land,
holding rich resources and offering natural
transportation routes.
Impatience unquestionably has led a good
many people to seek independence before
they were ready. We, on the other hand, have
also been impatient-in imagining that, once
free, they could and should quickly follow our
own very special example. '
The Less A Man Works
(The Tribune, Morris, Minn.)
The less a man works, the less he pro
duces. The more a man works, the more he
produces. Since our nation is made up of
millions of people, the same generalization
can be made. The more pcoplo work, the
more a nation produces.
On the other side of the coin, the more
that is produced, the more there is to con
sume. Or putting it another way, nothing can
be consumed which has not first been pro
duced. Accordingly, the way to more good?
and services for more people, a higher stand
ard of living, is through more production.
; It is disturbing, therefore, to hear serious
talk about cutting the work week in the United
Stales from 40 to 35 hours. In essence this
niopiis a one-eighth cut ip the goods and
services available to the American people.
r It makes little difference whether , or
not wages would be held at the same level
for a 35-hour week as for a. 40-hour week. The
effect of reducing the work week is more easi
ly seen if wages are likewise reduced accord
ingly. The individual has one-eighth less buy
ing power, there is a one-eighth reduction in
goods and services produced, and everyone
gets along on one-eighth less. If wages are
held at the same level for 35 hours as for 40
hours, after a period of dislocation, the result
would be the same. The same number of dol
lars chasing fewer goods and services would
drive prices up accordingly.
In light of the experience of West Ger
many in the years since the Second World
War, serious consideration might well be
given to increasing rather than decreasing
the work week. It is obvious that such a move
would make more goods and services avail
aule for consumption by individuals in this
country. Whether or not people desire more
goods and services in preference to addi
tional leisure time may be a moot question.
At any rate, it would be a healthy sit
uation if there were general realization that
we can't have our cake and eat it too. Shorter
work weeks produce more leisure time and
less goods and services. Less production
means less available for consumption. Basical
ly it is as simple as that.
IN WASHINGTON
Nixon Still Candidate
Ky RALPH d TOLKBANO
Richard Nixon has come out
of seclusion, alter his dcteat in
California's Rubornalori.il rare.
The-timing of his sudden emer
gence, and his renewed interest in
members of the Washington press
corps, may not bo significant. But
it takes no crystal hall or ouija
board to arrive t certain conclu
sions. For one thing, Mr. Nixon's
remarks to mc and to other Wash-
liipton correspondents make it
very dear that he intends to play
an important role in the selec
tlnn'of a Republican Presidential
candidate. He has, In (art, blunt
ly yarned that mi man will
quality or the nomination II he
does; not run In the California
primary where Mr. Nixon can
lill;exeit political force.
By choosing his own bailiwick
as the testing pound (or Republi
can hopefuls, Mr. Nixon achieves
two interim goals, m lie makes
tlie front-runner, whoever that
may be, beholden to him, and (21
he leaves the door ocn (or a
"Nixon drall" which, given n
California primary victory, would
lit him once more in contention.
At tins time, there is no Republi
can Presidential hopeful who could
defeat Mr. Nixon in a California
primary battle, and this includes
Governor Nelson Rockclellcr. Most
of llio parly machinery is still
loyal to Hie former vice presi
dent and would, moreover, be
compelled to back a native son.
This is not to say that Mr.
Nixon even hinted to those of us
vh spoke to him that he consid
ered the possibility of attempt
ing a second try in 1!M. But the
evidence that tuch a plan is not
completely out of his mind can he
found in his relusal to take im
portant and lucrative posts out
tide of California and his deda-
nil inn lhat, (or the first lime in
many years, he feels free to speak
out on national and inlernation- .
a! issues without the restraint of
being an administration spokes
man or defender. (Had he done
so in lfltiO, he might today be
President.) A t h I r d straw-inthe-wind
is tht Mr. Nixon is continu
ing to maintain a special staff to
handle the kind of chores which
n man no longer needs if he has
really eschewed public office.
At present Mr. Nixon is aware
that linvernor Rockefeller is out
ahead as a candidate (or the GOP
Presidential Humiliation if only
because there is no opposition.
Hut within the Republican Parly
arc forces strongly determined to
Muck the nomination of Mr. Rock
efeller, traders of these forces
believe that Mr. Rockclellcr can
not carry the South or Hie Mid
west and is therefore a "can't
win" candidate.
Unless .Senator Harry Goldwa
ter declares himself a candidate,
they will be left wailing, at the
church come convention lime. Mr.
Goldwator's strategy is lo hold
these tones together without giv
ing tliem an outright promise
that he will run.
II. at convention time, he de
cides lo make the gamble, there
Is the possibility of a Gold-water-Rockefeller
deadlock. 1( he
steps down, the forces backing
him will he compelled In tuid a
new candidate. In cither ease,
the lightning can strike Mr. Nix.
on. Most of the ari-Knckr(rllcr
forces are made up of (ormer
Nixon adlwrents and there is no
doubt that they would inlimtely
prefer him lo Governor Rocke
feller. At this point, it is all ery iffy.
Mr. Nixon is enough of a politi
cian to know that his lest
strategy is to speak out on the
issues often enough to keep him
self in the public eye and to es
tablish a reputation as the un
remitting foe of the Kennedy
administration. Today's GOP dark
horses may become somewhat
I'ghler by the spring of l4. The
Republicans may decide lhat
Rocky is their man if only be
cause President Kennedy seems
unbeatable. As they used to say
in the old movies, anything can
happen and usually does.
II is predictable that Mr. Nix
on will seek public attention in
the months to come, that he will
make no long-range deals, that
to the naked eye he will be
above the battle. If the political
situation shapes up his way, he
can move. II not. he can come to
Ihe aid of the Republican candi
date and eventually lind himself
boss o( tlie State Department.
In any case. Mr. Nixon is bai k
in politics. His success or fail
ure w ill depend in part on sheer
hick. In part on Ihe number of
those former (riends alienated by
his secretaries he can win hark
lo the cause.
THEY
SAY...
If it can he said that Nathan
Leopold committed the crime of
tlie century, certainly his reha
bilitation is the rehabilitation of
the century. . . A pe"uasie
argument against capital pun
ishment. Attorney Elmer Gerti. as hn
client melted complete free
dom alter 39 rr.
The Snowman Who Won't Go Away
01 -.M?tyv
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STRICTLY
PERSONAL
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
'Mentioning the man who want
ed to suppress certain "danger
ous" books, as I did the other
day, reminded me of the curious
way in which people live in intel
lectually air-tight compartments.
What I mean by that cum
bersome phrase is easily seen in
Ihe people who want to "crack
down" on what they consider to
be offensive literature: they want
the laws sharpened in this area. "
But, in other areas, they com
plain that there are already too
many laws. They are worried
about expanding governmental
power. They insist that citizens
should he left alone to pursue
their own pleasures and profits.
Thus, the word "government"
to them exists in separate air
tight compartments. When they
are for something, they want no
government interference with it;
when they are against something,
they promptly demand that we
pass another and stricter law
to cope with it.
We can see Ihe same process
operating, on a broader scale, in
the area of government spending.
Those who protest most loudly
about government expenditures in
the civilian sector do not make
a murmur of protest about the
massive government spending in
the military sector.
Yet it is the plain (act that
spending goes to pay or past,
present and future military needs.
We could spend twice as much
on the domestic (ront without feel
ing it, if the military budget were
made up in a rational world.
Moreover, it is historically ac
curate lo point out that if we
arc really worried about "gov
ernment control," the way most
Farm and Garden
governments lake over is by
maintaining a state of military
emergency until it becomes an
accepted way of life. Most of our
extra taxes today arc hangovers
from World War II. which have
never been repealed.
What we may or may not need
(or "de(ense" is a matter of
speculation and controversy. But
hardly any of the vocal oppon
ents o government spending dare
to question our military appropri
ations; the government has vir
tually a blank check on this, and
its authority is unquestioned.
We cannot have more laws and
fewer laws at the same time.
We cannot impose restraints upon
the government's domestic spend
ing while at the same lime ac
quiescing in its astronomical
arms budget. We cannot do this
r.nd become ineffectual. To keep
one's ideas in such air-tight com
partments is eventually to die
from psychic suffocation.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q What Is the wettest sprit on
earth?
A Cherrapunji, India, where
for five consecutive days, 30 inch
es of rain have been known to
pour from the sky each day. For
x century the annual average has
been 450 inches.
Q Who wrote the Epistle to the
Hebrews In the New Testament?
A Definite authorship is un
known. It has been credited to
Barnabas, Apollos and the Apos
tle Paul.
Answer 1o Previous Pimle
ACROSS
1 Garden
Implement
4 Farm or garden
loot
B Container for
tomatoes
12 Sea eagle
13 Garden abruo
genus
14 Iave out
15 Chemical suffix
1ft Favor
18 Misinterpret
20 Nallvea o(
Media.
21 Fish
22 Sediment
24 Biblical name
2fl Cow
27 Kootlike part
30 llnhranded
.12 Decipher
.14 Nullified
.IS Storehouses
.IflTwilrhing
17 Approach
39 Convent
worker
40 Slltches
41 Re airk
42 Winged
45 Feel
49 Deviation
St Craflv one
(Scot I
52 Asseverate
53 Seed covering
54 Ace
55 Hare
5ft Iow sand hill
87 Cathedral
church
DOWN
tfile
2 Trieste wine
measures
3 Strenuous
4 Cowhand
5 Winced
ft Cooking utensil
7 Auricle
8 Geometries!
i ge A"t eLIe slsle nTe
n a Afj iijp !!ofe p
Jjtl 5 a imiJi a IffA
VIA M A R ATlMlAiTiTTgfc
AIPF gA" L-l I IE RglAlSlT
Jolids
II AmonC
10 Magnitude
11 Chevalier 'i
summers
17 Ecg dish
19 Sound
2;1 Senior
24 Dill
25 East Indian
island
2ft Moislen
27 Peopled
2S Paradise.
29 Soap-making
frame
.11 Closs over
.1.1 Dog genus
.18 Guarantee
40 Beginning .
41 Anoint
42 First man
4.1 Biblical name
44 Mumct
4n Ireland
47 Bull iSpl
4ft Tvpe of cheese
50 Small child
i 13 4 15 16 R I 8 19 110 111
vl n n
r5 re H
rs 19" TIP
5i rp"23 1
24 125 f1 "1 lib lis
30 Ji 33 Xi
j, 1
35 H37 3a" rn
40 f-"l 41
42"" 4T"4T" L J 4 47
S3 53 51
53 35 57
I
LETTERS
Ignored
The time is now, long and
shamefully overdue, don't sit
down and throw promiscuous ac
cusations at each other over our
failure to act at the proper time
with regard to reorganizing the
KUHS district. The proper time
was when KU district anticipated
an overcrowding of physical fa
cilities by extension of the dis
trict boundaries to Include the
county or South Suburban area.
If I remember correctly, a long
time ago, perhaps 20 years more
or less, someone made an at
tempt to bring this fact to pub
lic attention. It was first organ
ized in 1926.
Typically of Klamath Falls,
even though we are not unique
in this respect, we chose to al
low ourselves to (orget that by
extending KU boundaries there
was no guarantee that the over
crowding and its inevitable prob
lems would in some miraculous
way be solved without any labor
and increase in tax monies (10m
you and you and me too.
Before you pick tip your phone
to blast me (or this reminder,
let me tell you now that my hus
band and I are paying school tax
support to all three school dis
tricts presently embroiled. That
is lo say. we own real estate in
city . elementary - KU district.
South Suburban-KU district, and
Henley school district. We have
considered ourselves fortunate
and not until this moment, think
o( ourselves as smug or overly
virtuous because there arc very
many more like us. Not every
one has been as fortunate nor do
we expect you to invest your
money likewise. But we and oth
ers who believe in getting along
peaceably wilh our neighbors, do
expect a stop to the uniformed
chin-music. I do refer to those
people who are self-righteouslv
stating that they don't know what
is wrong but they don't like how
things are being run. May I
also add that we have one child,
a sophomore in KUHS.
Our Constitution guarantees our
(reedom of speech. Our common
sense tells us that if we don't
like something why not find out
how things are being run and
then we will know why we don't
like the operation. Maybe some
of us will discover that some of
the responsibility belongs on our
own shoulders, and of course we
don't like to think about that.
Being taxpayers is not enough in
the (ace o( a crisis o the sort
lacing our school authorities. We
were remiss in our responsibility
a long time before most of the
high school teachers were even
out of their respective colleges
and finished with teacher train
ing, ready and willing to leach
our kids or anyone else's.
We cannot expect any other at
titude toward some of the prob
lems engendered by loo many
normal youngsters crowded into
a building too small to hold all o(
them and still expect the high cal
iber education we need for these
students.
Voting spitefully against the
next session budget will most
certainly bring us a state board
investigation. To say nothing of
the moral and mental setback
we will hand our youngsters just
to satisfy our punctured ego. No
wonder our teachers havc liter
ally thrown up thCir hands in
complete exasperation and ties
(Mir. I earnestly agree diplomacy is
an exalting virtue and the hellig.
erence of our faculty and school
board toward us is not diplomat
ic but how about their side ol
tlie mess' We have said with
our votes that they will therefore
have lo make do with what we
hae paid for and not talk back
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
Buying Safeguards Up
For Congress Review
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON ( NEA ' - Em
phasis in the first part of the
Securities and Exchange Commis
sion's 12-pound report on its two
year investigation of the stock
markets should be placed on
what added protection will result
for the consumer the stock buy
erand not on the broker or sales
man whose faulty practices are
analyzed in detail.
There are 17 million sharehold
ers in America. This is really
less than a 10 per cent minority.
But it is the top 10 per cent from
an income standpoint and it is
the foundation of the capitalistic
system which free people want
to preserve.
All the hullabaloo over getting
a faster growth rate in the United
Slates, granting tax credits to in
vestors in new enterprises, and
even cutting taxes so people will
have more savings to invest, is
deaendent on convincing investors
it's safe.
This (uts responsibility for the
survival of capitalism and the
free enterprise system right
where it belongs.
It is up to management to de
velop sound enterprises. And it
is up to the securities salesmen
who market the shares of private
enterprise to safeguard the in
vestments of their customers.
This would apply even to the
extent of protecting people who
have no knowledge of business
and who have no business risking
their savings in ventures they
know nothing about.
Kor this the federal government
has assumed for itself a regula
tory role over the investment busi
ness through the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934.
In the additional regulations
which SEC now proposes arc ap
proved by Congress, a stock pur
chaser would be given these prin
. cipal new protections:
He would deal only with regis
tered brokers, since all salesmen
would be licensed.
New standards of character,
competence and financial respon
sibility would be established for
members of the associations of
securities salesmen and stock ex
changes. All firms and individuals
would be required to come under
the authority of these self-regulatory
agencies.
SEC would be given discipli
nary control over enforcement of
these standards and would apply
sanctions like temporary suspen
sion of licenses after code abuses.
On new "hot stocks" so at
tractive to many inexperienced in
vestorsCongress will be asked
to give SEC authority to require
that a prospectus be issued within
00 days or less after the issue
is registered and offered (or sale.
Congress also will be asked lo
extend the present requirements
on stocks listed on national ex
changes to slocks sold "over-the-counter."
Filing of annual and periodic fi
nancial reports, compliance with
proxy rules, and protection
against insider trading would be
extended gradually over the next
five years to all companies with
more than 300 stockholders.
This dissemination of full in
formation is intended to lessen
improper selling practices, mis
leading public relations in mar
ket letters and irresponsible in
vestment advice.
SEC will issue a full analysis of
over-the-counter markets in the
second section of its special
study report, which is expected in
May. This is the area where many
of the existing abuses to customers
have been found in the long in
vestigation. Private agencies which supply
over-the-counter slock quotations
like the National Quotations Bu
reau, which specializes in
wholesale prices by underwrit
ers to dealers would be required
lo register wilh SEC and adopt
rules of (air practices.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Germ Warfare Sti
Constitutes Threat
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Germ warfare.' thought by most
Americans to have been outlawed
almost half a century ago, is a
frightening reality to those who
must protect the country from
enemies foreign and domestic.
The fact is that germ warfare
has yet to be banned, although
official Washington has sometimes
acted as if it were. Intelligence re
pofts that reach Gen. Marshall
Stubbs, chief of tlie Army Chemi
cal Corps, show the Russians lo
be engaging in extensive research
in the field of chemical-biological-radiological
(CBRJ warfare.
Stubbs is confident the Soviets
would use germ warfare "as long
as it were to their advantage."
And there is little doubt but
that it is right now.
Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Public
are sitting ducks for a CBR at
tack. If as few as ten Soviet
planes or rockets got through U.S.
defenses, they could rack up "at
least 30 per cent casualties in the
United States," according to
General Stubbs.
He talks not of lethal agents, but
newly developed materials that
can stun people (or 24 hours while
an enemy force takes over. He
in such a fashion to their "eld
ers" ius. The real issues have
been ignored too long.
However, personalities must
not be given the most attention,
nnw in ascendance on both sides,
as this is only further clouding of
the genuine issues. Apparently
too many personal and selfish in
terests are prevalent. This is the
impression I believe in, from the
many personal calls 1 have re
ceived since my first letter to
the editor. Unless we are offered
firm, but flexible, reorganization
of the three school districts guar
anteed by impartial geographical
representation of county and city
interests alike, we will find our
selves without a high school at
all.
Within the next few days I am
meeting wlh a number of mem
bers of the old Cittjccns Commit
tee to get facts and figures to
pass on to you. They cordially
and eagerly extended the invita
tion so that a free agent view
point might be able to give the
public the information we hae
asked for repeatedly and urgently
need in order to cast our votes
intelligently.
Vou will hear from me acain,
if Mr. Swcctland can find enough
space to print these epistles. I
thank him now for his cniutesy
and for any future privileges I
thank everyone for their calls due
to the first letter. I hope I didn't
crush loo many toes, by express
ing my own personal opinions.
Mrs. R K. Ferrario.
Phone TV 2-in;
Class of lMT-Kl'HS.
points out thai . domestic sabo; ,
teurs can rack up considerable
damage as well.
Dr. Robert Goodlow, an army
scientist, says all a saboteur
would have to do "is to take an
ordinary auto and disseminate the
stuff from the tailpiece, right
along the road, and get the job
started, and it will take off by
itself very simple."
An official government report,
drafted almost a decade ago, goes
into considerable detail. This
volume, the so-called Newton Re
port, was completed in 1955 after
months of investigation by the
Civil Defense Advisory Commit
tee of the National Academy of
Sciences-National Research Coun
cil. The report, gathering dust in a
downtown agency, has yet to be
released to the public. It dis
closes, however, that one Com
munist agent could kill half a
million Americans in a single day
and get away scot - free. The 157
page report shows how poison,
whipped up in private homes,
could wipe out most of the U.S.
Imputation in 24 hours.
"During Ihe past 15 years many
new toxic chemical substances
have been discovered. Some dis
play such extreme toxic potency
as to render them likely agents (or
sabotage usage.
"It must be considered possible
(or a saboteur to make enough
o( such poison in his home to do
great damage: in a food in which
it is compatible."
So "possible" is this lhat the
report tells how batches of such
poisons can be readily whipped
up. literally in the kitchen sink,
and w ith casy-to-obtain materials.
The report says:
"If a saboteur had access to a
food plant with wide distribution,
he could easily conceal a suffic
ient quantity of (he toxic ma
terial on his person and poison
enough food in one day to provide
a lethal dose lo 500.000 people.
"As few as 100 saboteurs es
tablished previously in food plants
and acting in unison could so
seriously demoralize the Ameri
can people that confidence in our
foods would be lost. Unless some
proper organization is set up in
advance to handle this type of
emergency, the effect on morale
could be devastating."
Dairy plants, meat packing
houses, slaughterhouses, brewer
ies, bakeries all these are un
guarded targets for the hypothet
ical hundred Communists agents.
Eight years ago. those who wrote
the Newton Report found that
"very little work has been done
nationally to set up a defense
against tlie threat of CBR at
tack We find that, adequate plans
for such a detense are lack
in: "
And they are today.