PAGE-4
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Tuesday. March 12, 19W
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
Transportation Mess
Requires Attention
QUESTION: How Is the War in South Vietnam Going?
its mm& w ml ...'fmmie bit slow:..
Can One-Party Democracy Work?
Critics of the American political scene
often charge that we have virtually a one
party system, that the Republicans and the
Democrats despite the noises they make
are fundamentally about as different from
each other as Tweedledum from Tweedledee.
There is, of course, much truth to this.
We are a mature, successful people, fairly
homogeneous, in essentia! agreement as to our
national goals. We are not divided by deep
philosophical schisms that need to find ex
pression in violently opposed parties.
Some critics go further, however, warn
ing that a one-party system in practice, if
not in law, is a slipping toward tyranny. This
strikes closer to home. This we fear.
Witness the way we so often elect a presi
dent or a governor of one party and give him
a legislature controlled by the other party. We
share with the English the belief that there
must always be an alert and vocal "loyal op
position." There must be a Tweedledum to
sometimes say "no" to Tweedledee.
To achieve this, we are willing to pay
the price of two-party or multiparty democra
cy: a certain legislature inefficiency, politick
ing, the ballyhoo of conventions.
There is at least one nation a democracy
that is considered taking a different path.
This is young, energetic Tanganyika, whose
weeks-old constitution may be legally revised
by the parliament to outlaw all but the ma
jority party, the Tanganyika African National
Union (TANU).
A press story from the capital, Dar es
Salaam, quotes a speech by President Julius
Nyerere in which he gives the reasons he
believes a one-party system is necessary for
his country.
Opposition parties, he said, are a for
eign and oversophisticatcd importation. In
Africa, they could well lead to violence, "be
The Jefferson, Ohio, Gazette, has made
this interesting editorial observation: "Many
a boy through his high school years earned
enough to get a start at college, Often this
part-time employment led to a career in the
business."
But now, the Gazette goes on, all this has
changed. And one of the reasons is the mini
mum wage requirement. In its words, "Mini
mum wages have their place in the modern In
dustrial scheme of things, but they have de
prived . . . lads of an opportunity to earn
spending money and to save for their future
... in the hundreds of small towns and rural
communities, the social reformers, with their
well intended laws, have barred youth an op
portunity for self independence."
Letters
Whooie!
I nolicc in my copy ot today's
Herald and News that you are
continuing to play your part as
the publisher of a small town pa
per, in your usual small way.
I believe I would be right in
assuming that you were raised in
a small town by narrow minded
parents, if your favoritism of one
side of the news is any indication
of your background, and it dors
seem to me to be.
We are cut off hero in Klamath
Falls, and I might also say In the
slalo of Oregon, from both sides
of the news by people of your
calilwr. By caliber I mean
opinionated. Republican, labor-hating,
small minded reactionary
type of man. 11 did not Just occur
to me that you were this type of
person, but you have prompted
me to let you know my opinion
a1, this date, because of the free
publicity that you have been giv
ing the railroads of the United
States in Hie past week, and today
the railroads of Oregon in their
so-called nntifcntherbedding cam
paign. You give everything (hat the
railroads say or assert on this is
sue front page coverage with large
headlines, and I doubt that you
even know the railroad workers
side of the slory, and if you did
you would not even put it on
page 8.
The railroad unions have paid
you for each ad that they have
published in your paper to com
bat the slander. I will give you
credit for publishing one letter on
this subject written by a railroad
man's wife. It wasn't on the front
page.
Next week tlie railroad unions
are going to give an hour and a
half of testimony on Hie Oregon
full-crew law. I am sure Uint yuu
will not give what they have to
say front page coverage as you did
the slander and degrrdaUon that
occurred in Salem at 7 o'clock
cause the opposition parties will tend to be
regarded as traitors by the majority of our
people or, at best, it will lead to the trivial
maneuvering of opposing groups whose time
is spent on the inflation of artificial difference
into some semblance of reality 'for the sake
of preserving democracy.' "
This does not mean there would be no
criticism of the government or that elec
tions would be a mere formality. Members
of TANU, the president said, "would be free
from the voting discipline normally imposed
by the party whip and could support or criti
cize the government according to their in
dividual consciences."
Another advantage would be that civil
servants could take part in politics. There
would be no need to maintain administrative
impartiality between parties because there
would be only one party.
There has been some criticism from Tan
ganyikan minorities. They say it would be
wrong to write into law what could be merely
a passing phase of politics (the overwhelming
popularity of TANU.) The right to form a
legal opposition is a political safety valve. It
is dangerous to shut it off.
The Tanganyika Standard, leading English-language
newspaper in the capital,
warned that ". . . if all opposition is forced
underground, the violence which is becoming
a feature of West African politics might begin
here."
In principle, there is no reason why com
plete democracy cannot be maintained in a
one-party state. So far in history, it has never
been done. Least of all is it likely to be ac
complished by an inexperienced and impatient
country in which it would be actually illegal
to organize an opposition and solicit public
support.
Africa, and the rest of the world, will be
watching Tanganyika.
The Employment Barrier
The record supports this view. Take, for
instance, retail business large or small, chain
or independent. Large numbers of , retail
stores can offer jobs, often on a part-time
'basis, to people who are without experience
or any particular skill. Obviously, their value
to the store is limited. Yet the work they are
given can prepare them for advancement to
more responsible, better-paid positions. But,
if ail" arbitrary wage-hour law forces the costs
of (his kind of employment to unprofitable
levels, it will be cut to the limit.
The moral is a simple one: The funda
mental clement in determining earning pow
er is an individual's productivity. The two
can't be separated.
To The Editor
last nighl. 1 notice that you were
able to hide in one paragraph (par
agraph 61 of this article the fact
that mere were several hundred
in tlie audience during this testi
mony. Did you know that at least
100 of these people were railroad
workers from this small town that
probably pay their daily dime for
your version of the news.
Two busloads of these people
went to Salem yesterday morning
and I would estimate there was
an aggregate loss of wages by
them of $2500 besides the $500 paid
for the two special buses. I am
sure that you were not aware
ot this, but If you had a report
ing staff of your own you might he
able to give this sort of news, but
then you are a small town paper
and small town papers don't hire
reporters. Did you have a reporter
in Salem last night or did you
buy this coverage from UPI along
with the other trash that you get
from them daily?
Do you really know what is
going on in the United States,
Mr. Sweetland, or do you just
take UITs word for it? And pass
it on to us readers of your paper.
1 know that you are nut a debater
in the truest sense of the word,
although I have heard you take
great pride in being one, and if
you do have any pride ou would
give the railroad unions a chance
In tell their story in as large an
area on the front page of your
paper next week when they give
their testimony in Salem about the
full-crew law, as you did t h e
railroads tonight. This I don't ex
pect to see. hut is only to remind
you that you are not fair-minded
and do not publish all ol tlie news.
If this letter has offended you,
that was its purpose, as your
newspaper has olfrnded me daily
for many years, even bclore you
became its publisher, and 1 have
paid 10 cents per copy (or tins
nllrnsc, and this letter has cost
you nothing.
Bobby L. Jones.
Conductor, Southern Pacific to.
Thanks
On behalf of my sale commit
tee and myself I would like to
thank you for the excellent cover
age we received on the High
Country Angus show and sale,
March 2. It takes a lot of time
and effort to put together a sale
and the cooperation of local breed
ers, ranchers, and businessmen
was certainly appreciated.
The sale grossed $29,205 on the
5.1 head sold. Forty of the ani
mals were sold to buyers from
the Klamath, Lakcvicw, Mncdoel,
and Tulclnke areas. We feel that
there were many good quality
Angus sold and wo are glad to
sec good bulls go to local com
mercial herds.
Naturally, any of the Angus
breeders in tlie area would be
glad to give information on An
gus cattle, and we hope that any
one interested will leel free to
call any of us.
Thank you again lor your ar
ticles and pictures on tlie Angus
sale.
Charles D. Cheyne.
Sale Chairman.
Scott Warren.
Joe Smith,
Alvin Cheyne.
Kusscll Smith.
Marion Palmer.
Al
manac
Ily United Press International
Today is Tuesday. March 12. the
"1st day of 1963 with 294 to fol
low. The moon is approaching its
last quarter.
The morning stars are Venus
ami Mars.
The evening star is Mars.
On this day in history:
In t'.HM, a $5 million gilt by An
drew Carnegie established the
Carnegie llrro Fund Foundation
...'FAWIWLE
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
All the furor over the exhibi
tion of the "Mona Lisa" in t h e
United States reminded me of
the curious way we have with
names. For instance, almost all
Americans are convinced (if they
think ol it at alii that da Vinci's
painting is a portrait of a woman
who w;io named MonaM.isa.
Actually, the name he gave the
painting if he bothered to title it
at all, which most painters do
not was "La Gioconda," since
she was the wife o( an Italian
burgher of that name. Her first
name was Lisa, and "Mona" is
merely the familiar form of "Ma
Donna."
And Whistler, of course, would
never have considered for a mo
ment entitling his famous pic
ture "Whistler's Mother." He
gave it the sedate and formal
illc. "Arrangement in Ciray and
Black." Yet no one ever' calls
it that, and to posterity it re
mains known as "Whistler's Moth
er." Much the same has happened
in music. One of the best known of
musical compositions is Beetho
ven's "Moonlight" sonata. But the
composer bluntly called t h e
work "Opus 27. No. 2." lie open
ly expressed his deep dislike of
giving nicknames to his composi
tions. However, when a German critic
of the time heard the piece he
was reminded of moonlight on
Lake Lucerne and dubbed it the
"Moonlight" sonata, which, dis
pleased Beethoven, but which has
stuck.
It seems as if the public needs
some kind of verbal "handle" to
assist it in grasping or remember
ing works of art. Most of the
West Pointer
ACROSS
Wir hero's son,
P. Kelly
He is a at
West Point
Bridge holding
Arrayed, ai
twons
35 Distress signal
38 Biblical
character
M Dinner courses
4i Onager
4ft Harangue
4ti Scuttle
49 Settle
El Oleic acid ester
IS3 Card suit
54 Serious address
55 Ixwk of hair
56 Expunge
DOWN
1 Bird bill
protuberance
2 Biblical name
3 Pillar
4 Statues
6 Genus of
marine snails
H Profession
7 Warning of
Lecturer
Raver
Small tumor
Finer
Abstract bcin?
Regards highly
Bndxe
Air i comb,
form!
His father was
a World War It
Disembark
lirerk god of
war
Aleutian island
Liquid measure
Hanger
S Noise
9 (".rafted fhfr.l
tqusi
1 2 3 4 lb I 16 17 18 19 110
11 12 : 13
U 15
16 r-j 17 18 " 9
22 23 24 "Ja P 25" 27 128 29
' 31
32 33
3 j!T 3tT" aT" 38
39 40 41
OZCL r J46 i47 TT
50 51 52
53 54
55 56"
i;
M SLOW...
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
popular names of classical com
positions were not given to them
by the composers, but by others,
in much the same way as we dub
baseball players with nicknames.
Even so minor a piece of
verse as tlie familiar poem be
ginning "Twas the night before
Christinas" is not known or called
by its proper title, which is "A
Visit From St. Nicholas." Every
one takes the first line for tlie
title, and nothing will ever restore
its proper name.
Indeed, it is the name, and
the aura attached to it, that often
compels attention more than
the object itself. "Mona Lisa" is a
magic phrase by now. and will
attract millions of viewers who
know and care nothing about da
Vinci, his sitter, or the art of
painting.
1 once heard an amusing, and
psychologically sound, story of a
Paris antiquarian who displayed
in his window five wooden stat
ues, which he had tilled "The
Five Senses." The first day, a
customer came in and bought one
of tlie statues.
The next day the antiquarian
had calmly reletlcred the title
card to "The Four Seasons."
Upon selling another, the remain
ing group became "The Three
Graces." Then they became
"Night and Day." When all but
one had been sold, he titled the
remaining statue "Solitude."
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q Do stars also rise in the east
and set in the nest as the sun
does?
A Yes.
Answer to Previous rui,.
10 Adolesee'tt
11 Kind ot ropt
1.1 Doctors lab.l
18 KnglL'-A letter
;0 Ust
21 Forms
22 Blow with open
hand
23 Top of head
'.24 Poker stake
27 Ireland
:!8 Nevada city
35 Emphasis
.16 Mouths
37 Bristly
40 Complications
41 Fisherman
42 Paid notices
43 Month tab.)
44 Cicatrii
48 Cured meats
47Siouan Indian
48 l,ow haunt
50 fish
29 Hops kilns
5' Ace
mm eps r?3
m. to kippim'?
LETTERS
TO THE
EDITOR
Tax Loss
Senate Bill No. 275. at present
under consideration of the Senate
Committee on Commerce and Util
ities, commonly known as Oregon
Minimum Crew Law for Rail
roads, was enacted in 1913 as a
public and employe safety law.
Al the time of enactment the aver
age train length was 30 cars and
speed average was less than 25
m.p.h. Today the average train
has 90 or more cars and travels
at speeds up to 60 m.p.h.
The safety factor of this law
has been or will be shown to
more than ever needing the third
brakeman on today's long trains,
to protect the public as well as
the employes who work on these
mile long trains.
The American railroads and in
cluding the Oregon railroads,
have yet to give much of an
answer to this safety factor, but
instead keep giving out all sorts
of information to the public about
millions of dollars they are losing
each year, and how much the pub
lic would save if the supposedly
excess employes were eliminated.
Let's lake a good look at this
"fairy tale." As for their poverty
and almost bankrupt condition,
the American railroads in the last
live years paid in excess of two
billion seven hundred million dol
lars in dividends. This definitely
does not sound like they are on
the brink of bankruptcy.
Now let's explore the large sav
ings to the public and shipper that
the Oregon Railroad Association is
advocating in news releases, and
whose representatives are trying
to "brainwash" shippers a n d
farmers in Oregon with personal
contact calls.
In my own county of Klamath,
in tile last seven years on the
Kirk Subdivison of the Southern
Pacific which runs from and in
cludes Klamath Falls and Cres
cent Lake, a 100-mile stretch of
track, there have been in excess
of 165 railroad employes of all
crafts jobs abolished.
If we are to accept the Oregon
Railroad Association's figure on
the yearly wages of this number
ol employes it is in tlie ncighlor
liood of one million seven hundred
fifty tlwusand dollars. With
the amount of trackage in Oregon
in an excess ot 10 times greater
than that of Klamath County, the
Oregon railroads should now be
saving in excess of SIS million
per year on job reduction alone.
The railroads have removed sec
tion workers' living houses, and
supposedly unnccded spur tracks
and switches, all of which were
at one time on the tax rolls of
counties in which the railroads
operate. This saving must equal
another one-half million.
What I as a property owner and
taxpayer in Klamath County would
like to know is if the Oregon rail
roads are now saving a large JIB
million per year, and have not
reduced shipping costs to the pub
lic and shipper, why should we
expect any saving now by sac
rificing public salcty. when the
only ones who will gain arc the
out-of-state stockholders who will
clip more and larger coupons
while we taxpayers dig a little
deeper to make up for the loss
A member ot Klamath County
Taxpayers League
V A McMillrn.
1405 Canhy Street.
Klamath Kails. Ore.
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON NEA - It
both sheer coincidence and inevi
table fate that half a dozen im
portant matters aflecting the U.S.
transportation policy have come
to a bead at one time. They illus
trate better than anything else
Ihe mess this policy is in.
President Kennedy has again
sent to Congress recommenda
tions for new transportation leg
islation which Congress last year
did nothing about.
The U.S. Supreme Court has
held in effect that railroads have
the right to change work rules
which would eliminate what the
employers call "feathcrbedding"
and the employes call "job secu
rity." This decision would become ef
fective March 29 after more
than a decade of bickering be
tween management and labor
and two years of presidential
commission investigation and
court litigation.
Railroad management now has
invited the four "on-train" broth
erhoods, with 200,000 members,
to resume talks on this subject in
Chicago March 13.
If either side or bolh of them
decide at that time they have
nothing further to discuss, tlie is
sue becomes a National Mediation
Board case, headed for settle
ment or a strike about June 1.
Before this crisis date, the 11
off-train brotherhoods with 450.
000 members are scheduled to
begin negotiations with Class I
railroads for a new wage agree
ment. A complete railway tie-up by
early summer is possible.
A Senate antitrust and monop
oly subcommittee under Sen. Es
tcs Kefauver, D-Tenn., has just
reported favorably on his pro
posal to defer until 1964 all action
on railroad merger applications
now before the Interstate Com
merce Commission.
Legislation to provide more fed
eral aid for mass transportation
facilities in metropolitan areas
does at last seem likely to pass
in this session of Congress.
Repeated delays to which the
handling of vital transportation
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
A 71-year-old millionaire has
chalked up the most amazing
comeback since Bobby Thomson
and the other New York Giants
overtook the Brooklyn Dodgers in
the final inning of the final game
of the 1951 National League Base
ball season.
W. Averell Harriman, trounced
by half a million votes when he
sought reelection as New York
governor in 1953. was thought by
friend and foe to be washed up.
Few believed that Harriman's
future brightened much when, in
1960. Nikita Khrushchev s u g
gested that President Eisenhower
name him director of the Central
Intelligence Agency.
Two years ago, he entered the
State Department as roving am
bassador and, many thought, the
honorable oblivion of a defeated
Democratic governor.
By May of 1961, however. Har
riman had been made chief dele
gate to the 14-nation Geneva Con
ference on Laos. By November
he was Assistant Secretary of
State for Far Eastern Affairs.
And now he is slated to be
come the Number 3 man in John
Kennedy's State Department. Un
der Secretary of State for Politi
cal Affairs.
Tlie remarkable background of
Averell Harriman is told best
in a brilliant little volume "The
Fringe on Top" written by three
of tlie country's outstanding young
conservatives.
They are 28-year-old Stan Ev
ans, editor of the Indianapolis
News; my able 24-year-old asso
ciate. Bill Schulz; and 28-year-old
Allan Ryskind, son of playwright
Morrie. who is assistant editor
ol Human Events Newsletter.
Their work i S2 ' is published by
American Features. 523 State Life
Building. Indianapolis. Ind.
The three young men have dem
onstrated that there is indeed
a "fringe'' element whose poli
cies are dangerous to the Unit
ed States. It is not tlie far right
"lunatic fringe" with which the
authors are concerned. Say the
authors:
"The 'fringe' which threatens
to undo America is not clamoring
lo get into power: it is already
there. That is why it is danger
ous." A certified member of the
"Fringe on Top" is certainly Har
riman. The authors reveal that
it was Harriman. as a Truman
envoy in 1946. who induced the
anti - Communist Rumanians to
join a coalition government with
issues have been subjected are
viewed by many authorities as
precisely what's wrong with the
transportation picture today.
Nothing was done about trans
portation problems while they
were small and manageable. Inde
cision has allowed them to grow
until they are almost unsolvable.
The big bottleneck is resistance
to change.
Unless all forms of transporta
tion can modernize to take ad
vantage of new technologies, un
less they can be regulated and al
lowed to compete on more even
terms, some of them appear to
be headed for bankruptcy, nation
alization of extinction.
This is the gist of "Quest for
Crisis," a new study of world
transportation problems made by
James N. Sites of the American
Association of Railroads.
On an Eisenhower fellowship
last year, Sites found that wher
ever sound economic practices
governed transportation policy
as in Switzerland, Germany and
The Netherlands the railroads
give good service.
Where politics and resistance
to change have determined trans
portation policy as in Britain
and Italy the railroads are in
a mess.
Present soundings indicate that
if the Kennedy administration
exerts the right kind of pressure,
it can get action in this session
of Congress on the President's
transportation reform program,
which includes two principal
bills. ;
The first would give the rail;
roads exemption from the mini
mum freight rate regulation suclj
as now enjoyed by waterways u)
carrying bulk cargo and by motor
trucks in carrying farm products.
If Congress does not approve
this, tlie President proposes as
an alternative that waterway and
highway carriers be bought un
der the same regulation as the
railroads.
The second bill is a catch-all
which would in effect make airl
rail, truck and water carriers
more truly competitive by equal
ization of rates and regulation,
elimination of subsidies and a p.
proval of experimental and joint
tariffs aimed to give shippers
better and lower cost services.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Harriman Comeback'
Amazing Situation
Communist forces. Tragedy was
the inevitable result.
Opposition parties were first in
timidated, then suppressed. In
1951. Juliu Maniti, a revered
Rumanian leader who had warned
Harriman that the Communists
would not respect the rights of
his countrymen, died in prison, a
martyr to his country's freedom.
This example apparently had lit
tle effect on Harriman. Six years
after the disastrous Yalta Con
ference, he could not understand
"why Stalin took on so many
commitments which he sub
sequently failed to honor."
Early in the Kennedy Adminis
tration, Harriman was responsible
for persuading the pro - Western
forces of Laos' General Phoumi
Nosavan into a coalition govern
ment with left-wing "neutrals"
and avowed Communists.
Sir Wilfrid Kent Hughes, retir
ing chairman of the Foreign Af
lairs Committee of the Australian
Parliament, says this of our new
proposed Under Secretary of
Slate:
"Averell Harriman has the
chance to go down in history as
the Churchill or the Chamberlain
of Southeast Asia. When I was in
Bangkok recently, he seemed In
have decided on the latter, um
brella and all."
Harriman in the past has urged
a "modus vivendi" with Red Chi
na. On "Meet the Press." he ad
vocated withdrawal from the two
offshore islands of Qucmoy and
Matsu to please "America's al
lies'apparently not including
Nationalist China as one of them.
On Jan. 15, 1961, five days be
lore he took his new post with
the administration. Harriman said
on the radio in New York that ad
mission of Red China to the Unit
ed Nations was inevitable, that
"sooner or later the majority of
U.N. members are going to ad
mit Red China." And, he indicat
ed, Americans had belter get
used to it.
THEY
SAY...
Basic research is what I am
doing when I don't know what I
am doing.
Wernher von Braun.
Tlie sooner tlus source of po
tential trouble is eliminated, the
letter (or everyone concerned
Secretary of Slate D e a
Rusk, on Russian troops In Cuba.