HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falli, Ore.
Friday. March 1, 1961
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Kennedy-Khrushchev
No Strings?
V i)
Meeting Considered
ft,;,
' PACK t-k
s 1 r
Nobody is getting noticeably excited by
all the talk in Washington about a tax cut.
There are a number of reasons for this, not the
least of which are thr. indications, tbst the
slates will move in on the taxpayer if the
federal government moves out.
Tax Foundation, Inc., a private research
group, reports that about 30 states are con
sidering tax increases that would add $1.5
billion nation-wide to total, taxes. Many of
these increases are keyed to reductions in
the federal bite.
Commerce Clearing House, another priv
ate group, reports the same picture, which
varies from Maine's proposed sales tax in
Increase
(The Band Bulletin)
-' While Washington and the nation
. ' are rife with speculation about a tax cut in
1963, a $2 billion tax rise is going through
with a minimum of publicity. It will mean a
considerable difference in take-home pay for
most families. The boost is In the form of
Social Security tax rates voted at the 1961
session of Congress.
The rise in payroll deduction is from
three and one-eighth per cent to three and
five-eighths per cent on the first $4,800 of
earnings. This is matched by the employer,
- so the total rise is one per cent. The maxi
: mum tax for the year thus goes up from $150
v to $174, or 16 per cent.
The effect of the rise will be felt most
by employees earning substantially more than
the base of $4,800. They will have paid up
their 1962 lax early in the year, so the re
sumption of Social Security deductions
amounts in a sense to a double cut in take
home pay.
For self-employed people, the rate will
i . 1. 11 L I - ft 1
rise Dy seven-ienms per cent. 10 nve aim
four-tenths per cent. Their maximum tax
goes up from $225.60 to $259.20.
This is the ninth boost in Social Securi
j,ty ta" rates since the system was voted into
jlaw in 1935. As rates have increased, of course,
1 so have benefits. The maximum benefit for a
worker retired at age 65 will be $127 a month
in 1963.
As the law now stands, further rate rises
for employees, employers, and the self-employed
are scheduled for 1966 and 1968. And
although the rate is approaching the limit the
taxpayer will stand for, further rises may be
-I IN WASHINGTON . . .
W
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
There Is nothing sacrosanct
about Uie American press and it
can be demonstrated that the na
tion's newsmen often have feet of
clay. The American press can be
prejudiced, and reporters can
sometimes forgot the difference
between crusading and cditorializ
; Ins. They can be taken in by the
blandishments of the Kcn'edy Ad
J jninistrntion, as a veteran corrcs
Jjinndent has shown in a recent
.-Kortune article.
: : But there is one thing that the
American press is not and re
peat: not. Unlike some of the
European press. It is not corrupt.
You can win a newspaper
man's sympathy or support, but
you had bettor not try to buy
him. I can count on the fingers of
one hand, with a couple left over,
the newsmen I have known to
. be "on the take." So tough is
'. the press corps on this subject
! - that a famous woman correspond
ent was expelled from the House
; Senate press galleries because
:-f.ho had sinned a toothpaste ad
; I yerliscmcnt.
-S it has taken a Jack Paar, a
; comedian so neurotically sensitive
: that he will cry on the air if a
harsh Word ft said to him, to
accuse the American press of cor
ruption. A mailing piece from Es
quire, which hat made a consid
erable profit by combining sex
and phony liberalism," bears the
. glad tidings:
; . "You can buy the editorial in
tegrity of a large proportion of
Y-Uie prss for a bottle of Scotch
;vt column inch. Jack Paar
' JKiund on w wquire.
O There you arc. A "large pro
atlon" of tin American press
Into The Vacuum
Makes Little
Charge 'Way Off Base
is made up of corrupt lushes. That
such a charge should come from
Jack Paar is no surprise. Though
he makes more in an hour of
chatter than most newsmen make
in a year, Jack has been out
to punish the press for not loving
him enough. He is a glib, some
times funny, performer whose
reputation was made by the wit
and talent of guests who were paid
the bare minimum allowed by the
performing unions.
Mr. Paar achieved considerable
fame when, on a junket to Cuba,
he gave Fidel Castro to the Ameri
can people. Castro, if one accept
ed the Paar testimony and mil
lions saw Fidel on the show
was a lovable, idealistic, anti-Communist
whoso most earnest desire
was to live In friendship with the
United States. And Mr. Paar grew
eloquently indignant about those
who questioned his word and ac
cused Fidel of having Communist
sympathies.
Since Uien. Jack Paar has con
sidered himself something of a
public figure, When ho was on
nightly, he would deliver himself
of opinions on the stale of the
world and it must be said in
fairness that occasionally a few
of his facts were correct. Because
a number of radio-TV columnists
and otiier commentators on the
show business sc-ne w ere not over
come by Uie Paar charm and said
so in print, h mounted a cam
paign against them using MIC
facilities and the publicly-owned
airwaves as his medium. When
he allowed any rebuttal, it was
followed oy hours and days of
vicious commentary from him or
(mm awning guests.
Panr's motives can h under
crease to 4 per cent to West Virginia's exten
sion of its horse race tax.
We seem to have reached a plateau in
taxes. There is a certain percentage of the na
tional wealth that has to be extracted and
disbursed by government because certain
things have to be done and only government
national or local can do them.
The percentage may be a trifle on the
high side today, but any net reduction is like
ly to be slight after local tax hikes are bal
anced against federal tax cuts.
That's why Joe Citizen is not excited
about a tax cut. He sees little difference in
whether the money is taken from his right,
hand or his left hand.
Noise
expected. The medicare plan defeated at the
1962 session of Congress would have raised
the rates on employees and employer by one
fourth per cent each and on the self-employed
by four-tenths per cent. It also would have ap
plied the entire tax on the first $5,200 of
earnings, a boost of $400 in the base.
The Social Security omnibus measure of
27 years ago was described at the time as
"more complex than any other ever consid
ered by Congress" and as "the most compre
hensive single piece of social legislation ever
enacted by the legislature of any country." But
its status remained in doubt for almost two
years. The Supreme Court decision uphold
ing the Social Security Act was handed down
in May 1937.
Since then coverage has been expanded
regularly. Social Security sweeteners were en
acted in five consecutive election years up
until 1962. The eventual universal coverage
originally intended is approaching.
But Social Security is a good deal more
than a vast welfare umbrella. Because the
benefit checks are cashed and the money
quickly spent, the effect on the national econ
omy is akin to that envisaged in the old Town
send Plan. The system keeps money in cir
culation, contributes heavily to consumption
of goods, and indeed has become a major prop
under the economy.
Social Security long ago ceased to be
controversial, though it remains the target
for occasional pot-shots as for example this
one included in a recent business letter: "It
(the rate rise) means a $24 tax boost for em
ployeesa fact which might be pointed out
to them in a stuffer enclosed in a forth
coming pay envelope."
stood. But I fail to see why Es
quire should givs houseroom to a
group libel of the press. The edi
tors of Esquire have strong politi
cal views, to which Uiey are en
titled, and the magazine's pages
have been employed for a series
of attacks against those who are
to the right of center. These at
tacks have, on several occasions,
gone over the lino of propriety
but why be stuffy about that? Es
quire has made false accusations
against me, but I have managed
to survive.
The smear of a "large propor
tion" of the press as "on Uie
lake" drunks is a different mat
ter, however. Whatever the short
comings of the American press, it
is the cleanest in the world. It is
one thing to argue about the po
litical bias of this newspaper or
that group of correspondents. But
to destroy faith in the basic hon
esty of the American press plays
right into the hands of the lotah
tarians Communist or Fascist.
1 know this was not Esquire's pur
pose. The mailing piece in ques
tion starts out with a "como on"
about a nude woman printed on
Uie envelope and this, like the
Paar diatribe, is designed to sell
copies and make money.
There's no harm in thai. The
profit motive is what makes the
wheels go 'round. But there must
be a point of rcsxnsibility even
(or Esquire. To cast nsiiersion on
a large group of people is serious
business and the American Soci
ety of Newspaper Editors of Sig
ma Delta Chi, the Journalism fra
ternity, should look Into it not to
censor Esquire or Jack Paar, but
to take a strong stand against this
kind of nastiness.
Compulsory Unionism Is Issue
By TULLY NETTLETON
(Associate Chief Editorial Writer
of The Christian Science Monitor)
Is there such a thing as an un
qualified right to work for an em
ployer of one's own choosing if
the employer's terms are satisfac
tory? Or docs the very existence of
terms and of worker protections
which stem from collective bar
gaining connote the existence of a
background of labor unionism to
which every employe, union mem
ber or not, owes some debt?
These questions pose in sub
stance the controversy over what
labor leaders call "union secur
ity" and what some industrialists
reject as "compulsory unionism."
Illuminating case histories on
the subject have been built up
during the last year in contests
between two major unions, the ma
chinists and the automobile
workers, and three leading aero
space companies, Douglas, Lock
heed, and Boeing. Two decisions
are in the record and two are yet
to be arrived at. Contracts have
been written at Douglas and Lock
heed; a strike against Boeing
has been enjoined, and the United
States Supreme Court may upset
the agency shop provisions in the
Douglas contract.
Why do labor officials insist on
the union shop in which an em
ploye, once hired, must join a
union if he is to hold his job?
Long labor experience has in
dicated that where a recognized
bargaining organization exists, the
working condition it obtains will
be enjoyed by all employes on the
job. To maintain such an organiza
tion involves expense, and those
who pay the expense (through
union dues) generally (eel that the
cost should be shared by all who
share the benefits.
Out of dissatisfaction with cases
of "dual unionism" (two unions
competing in a single plant or in
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dustry), the Wagner Act in 1!)35
provided that:
"Representatives designated or
selected for the purpose of col
lective bargaining by the major
ity of the employes in a unit . . .
shall be the exclusive representa
tives of all the employes in
such unit for the purposes of col
lective bargaining in respect to
rates of pay, wages, hours of em
ployment, or other conditions of
employment."
This provision was re-enacted in
the Taft-Hartley Act o( 1947 and
is part of the law now adminis
tered by the National Labor Rela
tions Board.
Under this exclusive bargaining
concept, as was urged by the ma
chinists' union in the Lockheed
case, the bargaining agent is re
quired to represent employes who
arc not members in the same man
ner as members of the union.
At this and other aerospace com
panies the union has spent con
siderable sums in arbitration cases
and other procedures where sub
stantial numbers of nonunion
workers have benefited from the
result.
Spokesmen for the International
Association of Machinists point out
that the aerospace industry, fluc
tuating with gc Yernment contracts,
has an exceptionally high rate of
employe turnover. This not only
makes it difficult to maintain a
majority membership (which is
something of a factor in responsi
bility for keeping contracts) but
keep up its corps of shop stew
ards. Since new employes auto
matically enjoy the ready-made
benefits of existing contracts and
see no reason to join the union un
less required to do so.
On the oilier hand, heads of the
Lockheed and Boeing companies
take the position that, as one of
them staled it, "A basic princi
ple is at stake American citizens
possess certain inalienable rights
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lARIMELJEiUAISI IAOE1
which even a majority vote cannot
take away from them." One of
these, it is argued is the right
of association or nonassociation
with private organizations.
Concerning the "free rider" or
"free loader" argument, Donald
R. Richberg, a former labor at
torney, says, "Fraternal organiza
tions, churches, and civic and po
litical organizations raise money,
organize work, and carry it on for
the benefit of a large number of
persons who contribute no sup
port." He considers it absurd to
empower a voluntary organization
to compel all who benefit from
it to contribute support.
Yet labor organization spokes
men might argue that the Wagner
and Taft-Hartley Acts have given
them a responsibility somewhat be
yond that o( the usual voluntary
association. In designating "bar
gaining units," within which an or
ganization must represent all or
none, has Congress done something
akin to what a state Legislature
does when it authorizes creation of
"improvement districts"?
In those an assessment is levied
on all whose property is benefited
by streets, sewers or other im
provements favored by a major
ity. One who does not wish to pay
the assessment has the option of
selling and moving out.
But union activities are often
somewhat broader than collective
bargaining activities, even if he
did not entirely agree with the way
they were handled, might not
want to contribute to political
campaigns or social and economic
propaganda also covered in union
dues. Or he might deeply disap
prove of the union leadership.
Under these circumstances it
would seem there should be some
way out for the individual and the
union. The Lockheed settlement
provides that the company will
assist the union in placing before
new employes its arguments for
voluntary membership.
The agency shop would assess
the costs of union membership
even against nonmembers. On the
other hand, an untrammelcd
"right to work" permits "repre
sentation without taxation."
Is there not some arrangement
by which the agency Ice would
be limited strictly to representa
tion costs, or by which unwilling
participants could designate a
charitable purpose for their contri
bution rather than have it strength
en an undesired leadership?
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Friday, March 1, the
fiOth day of 1963 with 305 to fol
low. The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning stars are Mars
and Venus.
The evening star is Mars.
Those born on this day include
American musician Glen Miller,
in 1909.
On this day in history:
In 1781, the American colonies
adopted the Articles of Confeder
ation, paving the way for a fed
eral Union.
In 1872, a civil rights act pro
vided (or Negroes to serve on
juries and guaranteed them equal
rights in public places.
In 1932. the 20-month-old son of
Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lind
bergh was kidnaped from his bed.
A thought (or the day The Ital
ian poet Dante said: "There is
no greater pain than to recall a
happy time in wretchedness."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - A sec
ond meeting between President
Kennedy and Soviet Russia's
Chairman Nikita Khrushchev may
be in the making.
William C. Foster, U.S. Disarm
ament Agency director, gave a
first hint of this in a recorded
interview with Sen. Kenneth Keat
ing, R.-N.Y., on the nuclear test
ban negotiations.
"Is there likely to be a further
discussion of this betvrsw (he
President and Mr. Khrushchev?"
the senator asked.
"I would think so," replied Fos
ter. Referring to the exchange of
notes between the President and
Khrushchev last December, just
before the 18-nation Geneva dis
armament committee recessed,
Foster declared: "These letters
certainly indicate that they both
have a deep interest in obtaining
a dependable agreement to ter
minate nuclear tests."
"Then you would expect that?"
Keating asked.
Foster replied: "I would expect
at some point it would occur."
This exchange took place just
before the Russians did another
about-face and broke off test ban
talks with American and British
oflicials in New York and Wash
ington Jan. 31.
Foster is now in Geneva as
head of U.S. negotiators in the
disarmament talks.
His aides say that he was re
ferring to both further exchanges
of notes and direct talks.
This confirms authoritative re
ports in Washington that the Rus
sians have been hinting they would
like to arrange another Kennedy
Khrushchev meeting.
Since their first and only meet
ing in Vienna June 3-4, 1961, the
President has given no encourage
ment to holding another. The con
dition laid down has been that
there must be some assurance of
being able to formalize agree
ments already negotiated. There
would not be another meeting just
to talk.
These conditions apparently dis
suaded Khrushchev from coming
to the U.N. General Assembly
last fall. There would be no point
in his coming unless he could also
see the President.
Kennedy has tentative plans to
WASHINSTON REPORT . . .
Commies Teaching
In Camps For Kids
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
It was front page news eight
years ago when a joint ccm
mitlee of the New York Legis
lature completed an intensive in
vestigation of children's summer
camps.
The unanimous conclusion of
committee members: Hard-core
Communists had turned a start
ling number of camps into instru
. mcnts for brainwashing young
kids in party doctrine.
The committee probe forced sev
eral camps out of business and
anxious parents could breathe
more easily: Security officials
now report, however, that sev
eral key figures in the 1954-55
investigation are back at the old
stand.
Subscribers to the party-line
National Guardian recently re-
ceived fancy brochures informing
them of a "fantastic, forward
looking" camp for children aged
7 to 16. located 75 miles from
New York City, at Wingdale
NY.
Camp Webatuck, on the shores
of Lake Ellis, boasts everything
a child could wish tennis,
swimming, boating, arts and
crafts, dramatics, hunting and
camping.
One of the directors of We
batuck is Norman Studer, of whom
the New York State Legislative
Committee had this to say in
1955:
"Norman Studer, director of
Camp Woodland, in Phoenicia,
Ulster County. New York, was
identified as a member of the
Communist Party.
"His sole occupation is teach
ing children. In one of his re
sponsive, perhaps unguarded mo
ments, he told the committee in
a way to leave no room for doubt,
that his philosophic belief could
not be separated from his work
in training children."
Studer was a little vague in
defining his "philosophic belief."
He took the Fifth Amendment
when asked about Communist
Tarty membership
Manager of Camp Webatuck is
Mike Stein, who eight years ago
was a counselor at Camp Kinder
land, which New Yurk legislators
(mind to be Communist-controlled.
In 1961. Stein journeyed to Mos
cow as a delegate to the World
Youth Forum, representing the
Progressive Youth Organizing
Committee, which FBI Director
visit Rome and Bonn in late win
ter" or early spring." The White
House makes clear no firm dates
have been scheduled. London spec
ulation that the President might
also see Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan is not confirmed in
Washington. A European visit
would, of course provide an oppor
tunity for a meeting with Krush-
chev.
Some American specialists on
Communist affairs who are dis
couraging any further Kennedy
Khrushchev meetings now say
that in their first conference,
' KhrusucLev gaiiMal the impression
that the President was not a
strong and forceful leader.
It is claimed this was reflected
in Russia's renunciation of the
nuclear test ban and the resump
tion of testing in 1961. It is also
maintained that this was a fac
tor in the Kremlin decision to es
tablish offensive intermed
iate range ballistic bases in Cuba
and make that island a center
for further Communist aggression
throughout the Western Hemis
phere. Khrushchev now may have dis
covered that Kennedy is a year
and a half more experienced than
he was in Vienna and definitely
no weakling.
In any future meeting the two
leaders would therefore be on
more even terms and might con
duct more fruitful talks.
Not the least of the subjects for
them to discuss in addition to
a nuclear test ban and disarma
mentis the Cuba situation. Both
Kennedy and Khrushchev left this
extremely fuzzy after their ex
change of notes prior to the Rus
sian missile pull-out from Cuba
last October.
Khrushchev promised on - site
inspection of the dismantled bas
es. Fidel Castro has prevented
him from delivering on this prom
ise. This nullified Kennedy's offer
of a guarantee against an Ameri
can invasion of Cuba.
But now the President faces
a new dilemma in getting all
Russian forces and even defen
sive arms out of Cuba.
The President's last press con
ference failed to clarify just what
pressures are being applied to
make the Russians get out of
Cuba and stay out. But an agree
ment to this effect is becoming
the first test of Russia's sincerity
about wanting disarmament.
Edgar Hoover calls a Commu
nist operation.
Stein is president of Advance,
a New York group against which
Attorney General Kennedy has
recentiy moved in an effort to
force it to register as a Com
munist front.
Eight years ago, the New York
Slate Committee found that "the
Communist-dominated Internation
al Workers Order was organizing,
financing and supplying Uie man
agement of Communist summer
camps." A number of Camp We
batuck's directors have been af
(ilialed with the International
Workers Order and the now de
funct Communist - controlled
American Labor Party.
The camp's brochure mailed to
National Guardian readers was
printed by New York City's
Promp Press. Here is what
the committee had to say on that
score:
"Once a Communist gains a
position of control in any phase
of American life even in a
summer camp for children he
must by t h e rigid rules which
govern him hire other Communists
and use the services of other
Communists as printers, cater
ers, entertainers, etc. In the field
of books and records, the prime
camp suppliers are Prompt Press
Note: A "Community Sing" for
the benefit of Camp Webatuck's
"Scholarship Fund" is scheduled
March 2 at the Community Church
in New York City.
Featured entertainer: Folk sing
er Pete Seegcr, who has been
identified as a Communist. The
Daily Worker once (May 4, 1949)
referred to him as an entertainer
for the party.
Pastor of the Community
Church is Donald Harrington,
whose record is found in the files
of the House Uamerican Acvtivi.
ties Committee. Only last night,
Harrington turned over his church
to a group urging freedom for
Morton Sobell, convicted espion
aqe artist.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q-Whlch 1, the largest palsre
In the world?
A The Vatican Palace in
Rome. It has 1,400 rooms, chap
els and halls of whirh the oldest
date from the 15th Century.