PAGE-4
HERALD AND NEWS, Klanulh Falls, Ore.
Monday, February 25, 1303
EPSON IKI WASHINGTON . . .
Complete Political
Reform Not Possible
If Spring Comes Can Mao Be Far Behind?
Busy Season In Washington
As the mills of this Congress grind slow
ly along in their traditional way, the people
of the nation give greater and greater atten
tion to the plans and prospects that are in the
works. And one thing can be said with con
siderable certainty the cleavage between
Administration thinking and proposing, and
Congressional thinking and action, are, in
some cases, very deep indeed.
Tax reduction, to be followed by major
revisions in lax policy, are at the head of the
President's agenda, so far as domestic affairs
are concerned. But the chance of Mr. Kenne
dy's program being approved in its present
state seem to be exactly nil. He asks for a $13.5
billion lax cut, to be accompanied by changes
in the law which would offset $3.5 billion of
that. The net result would be a cut of $10
billion, with most of the advantage going to
taxpayers in Ihc lower and middle income
brackets. At the same time, in other mes
sages and proposed bills sent to Congress,
the request has been made for greatly in
creased spending on an assortment of projects.
The Administration program, whatever ils
merits or demerits, is to spend more and col
lect less. Some have figured thai, if this pro
gram was adopted in ils entirety, the deficit
would reach an incredible figure during the
coming fiscal year $15 or $20 billion or even
more. And the Administration's argument to
the effect that grca.t deficits are not necessari
ly producers of inflation is viewed with very
cold and dubious eyes in some high Congres
sional circles.
Also, there is next to no chance that Con
gress will accomplish the massive job an over
haul of Ihe tax system involves during this
session. There is just too much difference of
opinion as to what is needed. Some of the pro
posals made so far by the President are in
tensely controversial. What Administration
Fateful Year On Labor
Ninclccn-sixly-thrce began on a pessi
mistic note, with hcldovcr newspaper shut
downs in Cleveland and New York and a
longshoremen's strike a'.iiiig liie hast Coasi.
(.inly the latter has been settled.
If the year continues the way it began,
it may go down as one of Ihe most strife
filled years in U.S. labor history. Kvcn if there
are no more major strikes, it still will be a
nolablc and perhaps fateful year.
No less than 94 major wage contracts
expire this year, mostly in May and ,Iuiu
reports Ihe National Industrial Conference
Hoard. Nearly a quarter of a million American
union workers will he affected.
Largest groups involved arc in commun
ications (347,000 workers), electrical machin
ery 1182,000) and apparel 1173.000). Another
3.7 million workers are involved in another
IN WASHINGTON . . .
Hy HAIJMI ilr TOIl;i,NO
In the fiM.tl year that ends mi
June .Tft. ihc U.S. povein-
nienl will cxtnut Sim A billion dot
mis from the taxpayer in Ihe
form of innmic. f xuc, and .social
MH'iinty taxes. The Treasury will
pay out $116 7 billion. This is what
Ihc real, ralher than Ihe "admin
ilrative," hihlRet rails fur.
The Congress, therefore, lias he
pin to look lor ways ami means
to nil down the liM-a! 1W4 consult'
dated hud.cet of $112 2 billion If
the will is there, many billion
(.01 be loped off without domj
the government or tlie country
any harm in loss of services and
benefits. Knr example, some $10
billion (ould be sweated off (lit
military budget if Defense Secre
tary MiNamara followed proem c
inent procedures that would nllnw
competitive, bidding.
At present, one Pentagon
Nimvc estimates that less than !.
per cent of all procurement con
tracts are let competitive!) the
irt being; negotiated on a so
called sole-source basis that mul
tiplies cost In (hp government
Mill one of Ihc pnme laigels
will be foreign aid. Kven before
Congress has begun to gi ant
the President's request for almost
V billion to Ik used in overseas
handouts, the counter altack has
begun, State Department lobbyists
are whispering to nnr temiised
legislators that by propping up
Ihe economies of Hie underdevel
oped countries we ie not only
helping them but ourselves.
The exact opposite Is true. As a
general rule, foreign aid does not
help the recipient countries and it
does hurt the tinted Stales eco
nomically. The balance of p a
menls defuit, with Ms steady
advisers may call tax "loopholes," for in
stance, are, in the view of others, fair and
necessary exceptions to the general rule.
Last year the Administration threw about
all the weight it could muster behind the
Medicare bill, for providing an extensive list
of medical services to everyone drawing So
cial Security benefits. The effort failed
the mountain didn't even produce a mouse.
But, as the President has made clear, Ihe
bill, in similar if not identical form will be
back again. And, again, ils chance of enact
ment seem very dim. What is probable is
something more to Congressional liking an
expansion and improvement of the existing
Kerr-Mills law, whereby federal funds are
available for the medical needs of those who
clearly are unable to pay for them, whether
or not they are within the Social Security sys
tem, with administration of the program es
tablished at the local level.
The future of foreign aid is also in doubt.
Increasing numbers of Senators and Repre
sentatives, within both the parties, think that
this must be cut back. And France's action
on vetoing British admission to the Common
Market may bring an "agonizing reappraisal"
of our whole international position, the West
ern defense alliance included.
Finally, we have not heard the last, by
any means, of discussion of the extent of
Communist infiltration into this hemisphere,
and what we must do about it. Secretary of
Defense McNamara's conference, of February
0, in which he dramatically denied that So
viet offensive weapons are now in Cuba, did
not convince the skeptics. Other evidence in
dicates that he is possibly mistaken. A deter
mined, probably bitter, effort will be made to
determine the truth of the matter.
To say the obvious it will be a busy
season at the While House and on Capitol Mill.
102 major contracts thai provide for reopen
ings on wages or other issues.
Theie have been a number of recent
warnings that the nation was becoming dis
turbed about strikes. Congress rumbled omi
nously during the maritime strike and there
were hints about passing restrictive laws.
Unless there is a wave of strikes of se
rious proportions, however, there will be no"
inch legislation this year. But 1003 may well
ct patterns that will determine Ihe course of
labor-management relations for the rest of
Ihc decade.
It remains to be seen whether i will be a
spectacle of power bloc against power bine
or whether responsible bargainers will
attempt to strike a balance between the inter
ests of individual workers and industries as a
whole caught up in a changing lechnology.
Foreign Aid Does Harm
and dangerous drain on our dwin
dling gold reserves, is but one
result of the nation s foreign aid
spree.
If this argument sounds straiue.
I refer you to An excellent study
of foreign aid wrilten hy Piofes
sor Kdward C. Banheld of Har
vard Cniversily and published
by the American Kntcrprise Insii
tule of Washington. Kew people
led that they tan take Ihe lime
to read a pamphlet like "Ameri
can Foreign Aid Doctrines" much
less pay a dollar lor it. Hoi if oii
can get our Congressman to read
it. that should be a good lic-l
step
Mr. Hanfield makes a num
ber of points, some new and some
old Kor example, be dcmoiistiales
that C S. aid which helps imptoxe
Mir lot of the slamng masse lias
almost no effect on American
influence or prestige in an under
developed country. These nations
ate ruled by a small, literate elite
which is interested in its own welt
being. The kind of foieign aid
which can le siphoned olf by this
governing class ihe kwid that
appeals, hut it does nothing lor
the economic improvement of the
recipient nation.
Foreign development by ptiva'e
soul cos. Mr. Hanlirld asserts, t an
do much more than governmental
handouts. There is a simple set
of reasons lor this: "Private m
dividual, sime they risk their
own funds, have a much stronger
incentive to invest wisely." he
say s
And he adds "Another iieason1
is that private individuals a.e
more likely than state bureaucra
cies lo abandon unsuccessful ven
tures The availability of iv
sourcrs al little or no cot to a
Front
country stimulates 'monument
building.' ip. investment in pn
Ifcls adding hide or nothing to
Ihe products ity of the economy "
Hearings before Senate and
House committees ate crammed
lull ot evidence that recipient gov
ernments have tended to spend
foieign aid funds lor lai ge. showy
proiecls which enhance tluii pics
t ige rather t ban pi ov ido w oik.
Factories have leen built where
there wore neither resources nor
electric power lo make them use
ful, llydioclectnc proiecls have
been rivaled in regions which had
no use tor the power U'ing gener
ated Koads to nowhere have ii"t
lnvn uncommon And eveiywtieie.
an elite has gotten tat on Ameri
can dollars.
In shoit. what loreign aid has
done in most undeidrveIoed tenu
ities has been to keep in tower
gioiips ol tropic far moie inl;
eslcd m hanging on to their jobs
than to benefiting their countucs
"The expansion of slate activity
wlm h aid engendei s tends in soma
wavs to discoinage the giowth of
dciuot t ac ." Mr. Ilanlield nolo -and
he hatks up tins statement
llioi oughlv .
Ot toiisidciab'e iuteiet The
siippoiliiig testimony of New V ion
tieiMiian John K. dalhiaith, mm
Amh issador to India, thai mis
handled aid funds aie mine than
useless they do positive h.u m
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
IJ Nh.tt Is meant hv the term
star chamber?
It refers to arbitrary and
secret actions by an authoritative
body.
h Mi
,AwAy It. X llll
Qij PERSONAL
Jfl
By SYDNEY J. HA till IS
The cult of adjustment in our
times urges us to adjust to our
environment and our society, as
though adjustment were a good
thing in itself. Rut if we are
asked to "adjust" to something,
bad. then the better we adjus.
the worse we become.
A persuasive argument might,
he made, indeed, that man should
be called the Maladjusted Ani
mal. It is because man is basical
ly maladjusted that he is unique
in nature, and dominates the
natural worid.
The anleater, the beaver, the
bird, the insect all are perfect
ly adjusted to their environment
and their society. This is why
animals have no history, but onlv
a repetitive biological process. The
ant is a thousand times more
than we are but no ant knows
anv thing more, nor ran do any
thing differently, than his grand
father. In Ihe introduction to bis in
teresting new Pelican book, "Per
sonal Values in the Mmlern
World." Prof. M. V. l Jeffries
tersely and etlectively bungs out
this poml: "If we take elliriemy.
Hrtinacily, fortitude, dexterity,
as the measures of excellence, we
cannot claim any naluial pre
eminence for man. It is. m
fact, not success but failure that
marks man off from the rest
ol Ihe animal creation."
The author then goes on to
say: "It is because man is mala
adiuMed -- which is evident m
Famous Americans
.1A Partial tone
M OtherwiM
.19 Art 'Utin)
1 Phvtinst
ltRM-l(M..
40 Be ill
0 Journalise itriA , I.,.
IB3-JS f Ik
7351
13 Iamng
50 Koundrr of the
Serbian rhurcb
t4 lmm.urabl. ), "'a
ts Outcrv
6.1 Roman poet
IS Sailvant
fti ( nines noodles
IT Sudden attack M RxpUwive
IS Publication M Scandinavian
20 Antler
name
DOWN
1 Meleorolomsl
21 Ruddhirt led
22 Sun
so srrh 2 Architect
.10 Smrch
.11 Tree
184ft-192(1)
X Architectural '' wont, ab I
orKaniution
4 Mineral water
tib t
f Citv in Ohio
34 ("hmene dynasty Senior member
3 ana me
T 12 13 14 I I J IS 17 J 18 19 110 11
12 13 T?
T3 is r?
22! tr i
iTTTTb frptt 27 '28 129
35 npi m4n
1 35 inF
id "49 "" 55
"3 35 3S
STRICTLY
the chasm between aspiration
and capacity, vision and perform
ance have there arisen all
the distinctively human activities:
scientific inquiry, artistic crea
tion, philosophical speculation, and
the supporting condition of thorn
all', historical experience."
Historical change. Prof. Jeff
ries reminds us. is peculiar to
man. and lift human life on to
a plane of its own. "When Caesar
landed in Britain, when the Phar
oahs built their tombs, when men
first learned to make fire ants'
nests were no worse and no belter
organized communities than
they are now."
We are concerned with educa
tion precisely because we are
a maladjusted animal, because
we are not determined by our
structure and environment but are
able to change and adapt external
circum lances. Rather than "ad
justing" to the earth, we have
adjusted it to ils. This is both
our glory ami our despair. We
have the power to learn, which
other animals do not, but also
the lower to fail, which other,
animals do nut.
Kaeh new plateau reached by
tiie human race has been the re
sult of some maladjustment and
it is no accident that personally
maladjusted individuals have us
ually been responsible for our
ascent to a higher level of com
prehension and ability. Socieiy
has a right to ask that we coop
crate tor the common good, kit
not that we acquiesce in the com
mon beliefs.
Amwr to Prtvtout Punt
fl Word of honor 31 Kasteneri
9 Period of time .14 Oesifmata
10 Cut of meat
3.' I'h v-jci.it
11 Finishes
19 Plural end m 2
20 Inventor
M819471
22 Musical niece
23 Canadian
military unit
ab
i horn 1900)'
37 Airplane
manufacturer
MW?6-1955)
.Ifi Goal
40 Contraction
41 Stuff
42 majesty
4.1 A gamut
?4 State
2.SKuropean river 44 Level
2ft 1 ,10. u id measure 4.. Pari of a church
27 Nobel prue 4ft Diabolic
winner 1944 47 Memhe.t of
?8 Feminine nam families
?9 Fxpirea 40 rt
tukiste cum
tgAtTniX t'Awxtegf
lo-pTkMu L e Wo w Ni?e!Rl
Washington Notebook
roimcai
Ranting
Is Curbed
By WASHINGTON STAFF
NewspiiMT Kntrrprise Assn.
WASHINGTON NEAI With
cliH-timis now over, new congi'ess
men who Iwivc traveled around
are reportedly thankful that Amer
ican campaigis
X are not conduct
ed as in some
foreign lands.
In Malava, for
lTi9j'n example, a dis-
fii V" I'"--VElMi:;-
hand's Hilical
v? -
pastor! posters
all over the com.
niunity rcadins:
"Follow citizens! If IJao dioats
on you as lie does me. you will
have yonrM'Ives lo blame if you
elect lum!"
Needless to .say. the guy lost.
In Sweden, each of 12 candi
dates al a dinner meeting was
handed an ire cube when he roc
to speak. When the last drop
seejR'd out of his fist he had to
.stop waini his jaw.
In Hrail. an Indian Irilie keeps
Inn-winded speakers in line by
mnkmn each candidate deliver his
spewh while standinc on one ley.
An ardent Republican who wor
ries a lot alxmt the Kennedy ad
ministration siys he had a night
mare over the New Frontier's ef
fect on women, "it wa horrible."
he sas, "There was a room
filled with pris each wearim; a
Jackie Kennedy haircut, baic
black and a Mona ah .smile."
On his vuty to t;ive a .(vch
before the rordham Alumni Assn.
in a New Vink hotel. Admiral
(ieorue W. Anderson, chief of nav
al operations, cnerheard one of his
elevator companions ak another.
"Who's the H-aker al the clam
hake toniuht .'
Anderson avs the fi lenrl re
plied "Some uuy named Andcr
miii I think he's a sailor horn
Krmklvn."
tine new fiontietman has born
servinc 'us party cuots a oncoc
tmn of champagne, rum. a:n.
V(lka, and pae juice, loader!
wnh black cherries and dark
olives He calls tlie mixture the
"Purple Fiasco." explaining that
it's a toss-up whether the name
Mpnitie-3 the cau-e or ttie etfect.
A public relalion. firm, unhap
py hccaue a puioed press
te!cae which it h.id sent lo the
IVfeiiM" Ivpartment two month.
before had not et Invn cleared
tor re!cae. wmie a letter to
Cmdr. Hatdy dlnin of Ihe Navy
iVpt. to a-k tor assistance fiut
they wrote Cmdr. Uardv ll'.cnn s
name in ieveiM addrev-uu him
as Cmdr tllenn Mardv
Cnxir (llenn or Hards m te
turn wmte them this teplv
"Pas-iiU m that nwntion would
1 thought and backwards name
my have vou note I Ileal 'am e dr.
feiise tmal receive re!eae the as
s'-'n as on advix1 will mioi ma
lum Navy in here officer review
security Cobb W. V. Cnwlr. .
' t have pi'oure.sp'i nefc.tivei
ruisitively on the matter"' is the
pce-t way to s,iv "Tltere will te
no anwer lo wbt m e aked
(is In find oat aiv,t(." as ucd
at the TenLu-Mi by Aithur SvNfs-
By PETEK EPSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON INEA) James
MacGregor Burns of Williams
College spent a few days in Wash
ington recently, doing a little mis-sionai-y
work on his plan for re
forming everything he says is
wrong with American politics. He
didn't make much progress.
The Burns program, set forth in
his new book, "The Deadlock of
Democracy." has the reveiiini
subtitle "Four Party Politics in
America."
Dr. Burns is not the discoverer
of this phenomenon nor the first
to complain about it. His first 300
pages give the history of how !nis
system developed. The last 75 tell
what he thinks should be done
about it today.
Instead of throwing up his
hands in despair and saying that
nothing can be done to prevent
any one of the four minorities in
Congress from thwarting the will
of a majority and stalemating ma
jor White House proposals, Burns
presents a program by which lie
says President Kennedy might
change the system.
This would involve a root-and-branch
reorganizing and strength
ening of the Presidential Demo
cratic party, as distinguished from
tlie Congressional Democratic par.
ty. It would have the national
party establish its own congres
sional district organizations, fi
nanced, directed and staffed by
national headquarters. State and
local party organizations would
still be used but only as branches
of the national party.
The purpose of this, according
to Burns, would be to have Ken
nedy reelected in VM by such a
big vote that he could carry into
Congress on his coattails the whop
ping majorities which President
Koo.-cvelt won in !!:.
As a matter of fact, this is aNo
the objective of the President's
While House political henchmen.
At the recent Democratic National
Committee and stale chairmen's
meeting in Washington, the 19 .4
campaign line was handed diwn
that every congressional candida'.e
should support the President.
.Such a victory would bring w ith
it, according to Burns, the reor
ganization of Congress to permit
the party caucus and policy com
mittee to function more effective
ly in support of tlie President's
programs. Tliere would be mo 'e
party discipline and much less in
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Kennedy's Promises
Are Campaign Fodder
By Fl'I.TON LEWIS Jit.
Diligent Republicans have un
earthed some political ghosts with
whkh they hope to haunt Presi
dent Kennedy next year.
They are his ow n words.
Researchers at GOP headquar
ters have compiled a documented
record of every promise made by
President Kennedy in 10. There
are more than 500.
Not a lew of these deal with ef
forts that he said would reviv?
the "stagnant economy of Dwigot
liisenhower and Richard Nixon "
There is little doubt that Rtriibii
lan orators will next year charge
Ihe President with failure to im
plement his almost tiresome
promise "to get America moving
again."
Support for that charge, actual
ly, comes from Administration
olticials. Commerce Secretary Lu
ther Hinlues told a Keh. 8 news
conlerence that tile economy was
not nio mg ahead. "It. is moving, '
said the secretary, "sideways. "
He told a.-smbied roitorters tiiat
retail sales had dntpied fi per
cent in January, only part of
which could be attributable to the
normal. lMist-Chnstmas riroHtff.
I'nemployment. sas Ilxir Sec
retary W. Willard Wutz. continues
to rise Total unemploxmenl
inmi'cd B.'i0.m in January, bring
ing the total lo 4 7 million work
ers 5R per cent of Hie working
lorcc
On Keh. n. ur' Bureau of
Kmplovment Security announced
lhat "Sta!e Agency remits lor the
week ended Keb. 2 indicate a size
able increase in initial claims for
benetils" under the unemploy
ment compensation program.
Thirty - four stales informed
ter. avsislant secretary of deiense
loi public allairs
Nevada s Son. Alan Bible, dig
uing way back in Nevada rec
oids lor what he lerms some
"eo-shattn ing ciect.on results."
discovered that in a special Ifvi
concessional riection a third can
didate, one ( h.iries Sumner, of
un pec;lic vavty. rang up one soli.
U: vo'e
Eleven vears later Nevada de
bated another ' m.id man" in a
cnn;:es:na' rre, I'vmg a cer
tain H, H. Rvk just tun votes.
dependence and free wheeling on
major issue votes.
Burns thinks the Democratic
Party cannot live forever on the
issues inherited from the Roose
velt and Truman eras. Get away
from issues like food, clothing and
shelter, he says. Take the path
laid down by Arthur Schlesinger
Jr.. toward "qualitative liberal
ism." Let the government support Ihe
arts, education, civil rights, a vast
expansion of recreational facilities,
urban renewal, improve the tone,
efficiency, imagination and sensi
tivity of government itself and
"insist on the superior use of
mass media."
Whatever this last means is not
explained, but it seems to imply
that the press, radio, television,
movies, theatres, and maybe even
phonograph records or tapes
should do more of an educational
or propaganda job for whatever
party may control Ihe White
House.
A lot of this new platform may
sound something like the present
administration's news manage
ment and many cultural pro
grams, which already aren't re
ceiving wholehearted support.
There is nothing wrong with
Burns having an idealistic pro
gram. That is one of the things
professors are for. But from tlie
standpoint of practical politics, it
is difficult to see that many or
any of the changes he suggests are
going to be accepted by congres
sional, state and local political
leaders. These leaders are still
firmly in the saddle and show no
inclination to budge.
Congressional progressives of
both parties this year are making
desperate efforts to change some
of their worst and most obsolete
rules and practices. Tlie going is
tough.
If Congress can agree as a first
step to the establishment of a
commission just to study the ques
tion of its reorganization, that
w ill be as much as you can expect
this year.
If such a commission could get
Congress to agree on a few basic
recommendations like insisting on
the germaneness of debate, curb
ing the seniority system, staff
ing of congressional committees,
curbing of congressional junket
ing and payroll padding, rais
ing the ethical standards for con
gressmen, and defining what con
stitutes a conflict of interest to
end its abuses that would be
about all you could expect for
lfM.
Washington that applications for
unemployment benetils were ris
ing. There were 2fi milion in
dividuals receiving weekly bene
fit checks at the end of January.
The Bureau of Labor Standards
reported in early Kebruary that
the "factory hiring rate had de
clined more than seasonally." It
previously had issued a report
slmwing that prices paid for
goods and services by city fami
lies increased 12 per cent from
the Administration's first year to
its second.
Prices are now more than 30
per cent higher than they were in
I!47-1!HH. more than double those
of 1H.19. And government expen
ditures, of rour.se. continue to
rise, cutting tlie consumer's pur
chasing power even further.
Republicans note with interest
figures released hy the Home
I.oan Bank Hoard which sho
home foreclosures to be rising at
an alarming rale. The board has
disclosed that foreclosures on res
idential housing and small busi
nesses hit a 2.1-ycar high, nf
Wi.non. in 1!;2. The rale continues
to soar and Senate Republicans
will soon make that a majni
issue.
That the economy will be an
issue next year was admitled by
Caiilornia Governor Pat Brown
dui ing his recent trip here.
He told reporters that a ter- '
growth rate and rising unemploy
ment will be heatedly debated.
Harlem's Adam Clayton Powell
rielvonair Congressman minister,
returned from his Puerto Riran
villa last week to preach a ser
mon at the Avbssininan Baptist
Church, whuh boasts the world I
laritest Negro concrc;atnn.
Rep Powell, whose absentee
record is one nf Ihe worst in
Conjiess. has put his beautiful
voung wile on the government
pav roll at (12.500 a vear despite
the fact slie u almost never in
Wa-hinctnn. He created a sensa
tion last vear by traveling
thiotighout Europe on the govern
ment cuff with Iwo wimrn. one
a former runner-up in tie Miss
I niverse contest.
roveil, who tiie government
svs is deijiq'ient m teirral in
come ta.e, de nned his rrmon
rn ' Tlie Joy of Living "