PAGE-
HERALD AM) NEWS, Klamath Falli, Ore.
Monday, Februtry II, 1963
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Jet Noise Creates
Trouble In Cities
In the Same Boat
The
Whenever a particular grand jury indict
ment or trial jury verdict appears to some to
reflect poor judgment, it is not uncommon to
hear critical assaults on the jury system itself.
What these come down to is the notion
lliat juries composed of ordinary citizens are
often incompetent to deal with the complex
issues involved in many criminal and civil
cases.
Defenders of the system go beyond the
fact that it is rooted in our judicial way of
life. They argue that where matters of fun
damental fact are concerned, jurors of aver
age mental attainment and education are just
as likely as a group of specialists to come up
with a fair judgment.
Where cases embracing really baffling
technical factors are at issue, blue ribbon
juries of experts are of course called for
and commonly used.
Granting the validity of this general de
fense of the jury system, it can nevertheless
still be contended that too many grossly un
qualified persons find their way onto jury
benches. This country's growth in numbers
is enough to widen this prospect.
Judicial experts eager to improve jury
Caliber are beginning to attack the problem
at the federal court level first.
;: Ally. Gen. Robert Kennedy has sent Con
gress a bill to create a jury commission for
each U.S. district court. Using questionnaires,
these commissions would screen prospective
jurors to make sure of getting qualified in
dividuals. Not the least of the present difficulty
Time magazine reports on one phase of
(he tangled tax situation: "Among students of
the economy these days, the most popular
topic is How to Stimulate Business by-Cutting
Taxes. In the general enthusiasm, all hut a
few flinty-eyed accountants seem to have over
looked the fact that 1963 begins with taxes
actually going up. Under a 1958 law, social
security taxes will rise by $1.8 billion this
year 50 per cent of it to be paid by em
ployers and 50 per cent by wage earners.
This means that any income tax reduction
dial Congress may ultimately vote will be
$1.8 billion smaller than it looks. And if Con
gress rejects a cut in income taxes, U.S.
corporations will add $900 million lo their
cbMs in 1963 and U.S. wage earners will have
$900 million less lo spend."
;: That is not all. The social security taxes,
uildcr existing law, rise at regular intervals
IN WASHINGTON
By RALPH d TOI.KDA.NO
II used In be swallowing gold
fish, crunching phonograph rec
ords, or clouding into telephone
troths. Now it's Inking To lie
somebody you've got to show th.it
you tan walk (or Ions distances,
preferably up the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal which runs out nl
Washington T2 Washington pa
pers arc lull of it.
There are advantages lo this
new fad. ll keeps you out of
doors. Though it may not provide
the physical Illness that President
Kennedy was seeking when he pre-n-ribed
50-mile jaunLi. it wont
get you into trouble unless you've
j:ol a had heart or set a tetanus
infection from a blister on your
fool.
;Kar lie il from me lo smil
sport Tli.il Old Hough Uirler. Ted
dy Roosevelt, exiected tlie troops
lo make those 50 miles in three
days and Presiilent Kennedy
lias merely revived the idea But
I can't understand what all the
excitement is about and it
makes me believe Ihal Mr. Ken
nedy is correct when he deplores
the fitness of Ihe current grnria
tion. It was a little shoiking lo me
10 reail about Ihe jubilation al
various Marine Corps ramp
when a Rroup of ollicers had
trekked their 50 miles in 20 hours
I saw picturcj of those Ualh
ernecks. They carried no more
on I heir hacks than their dollies
and even so some of tliem were
nursing bruised feet and minling
(o their bhslers.
I'm not so old lhat I can shake
my finger and cackle about Ihe
food old clays, or about Ihe feats
Courts On Trial
arises from the fact that different federal
courts have used different methods for ob
taining names from which jurors are drawn.
Some have used voting lists, others telephone
books, and so on. On occasion this lays the
basis for litigants' claims of jury discrimina
tion. The new bill would give the chief federal
judge in each district the power to decide the
source of names for jurors. But he would be
barred from systematically or deliberately ex
cluding any group in the population.
It is not only jurors but judges them
selves who suffer criticism on grounds of in
competence. To assist the president in naming federal
judges, the American Bar Assn. has an ad
visory committee which reviews the qualifi
cations of those tinder consideration.
When certain presidential choices do not
turn out too well, the ABA committee some
times is assigned some of the blame. In a
new report, it reminds that it never advances
candidates on its own but simply weighs the
merits of those the administration has in
mind.
The ABA says it has no responsibility
either for the "political factors" which work
to the end that most judgeship choices are
of the president's own parly.
The limits of the ABA's advice are clear
enough. Vet it performs a valuable function
in lifting up the level of the judiciary. So,
evidently, would any sane measure aimed at
improving jury quality.
Whistling In The
over a period of years. Should such a pro
posal as Medicare be adopted the increase will
be well beyond those presently scheduled.
Still the story does not end. State and
local governments, for the most part, arc
rapacious in their search for new or increased
taxes. It is of small moment to the business
or the family whether its income is reduced
by the federal income tax, by the corporation
tax, by the state income tax, by a sales tax,
by an excise tax, by a property tax, by an
unemployment fund tax, by a business license
tax, or any other pocket-picking levy. What
does matter is the amount of money left that
can be spent as the earner wishes to spend
it and what that money will buy.
It looks as if those optimists who antici
pate a great surge of consumer spending and
business expansion, resulting from a federal
income tax cut, are whistling in thp dark.
Physical Fitness
of my own generation But I did
serve in World War II. Along with
millions o( others. I took basic
conditioning courses. I know what
was expected of us as a matter of
course and with no heroics. I was
Army, and we considered our
selves a lot Inughcr than Ihe lly
hoys, hut soil when compared
to the Marines
Many of us were city lms who
hadn't had a day s phvsical e
erlion since we got out ol college
and nut of compulsory physical ed
ucation. Bui we were eectcil
to lie able In march .Hi miles in
eight hours with a len-minute
break every hour. Thai's a steady
clip of over four miles an hour.
We did it carrying a heay idle
and full field equipment on our
hack. I don't know what th.it
equipment weighed. We weie told
Nl pounds, hut alter a while it
lilt like a ton.
And we hiked under water dis
cipline. The canteens on our cart
ridge belts had been checked In
make sure no one was bootlegging
nny H20. Every hour Ihe platoon
sergeanl would allow us one swal
low of water and alter lour
hours we were given what Cook'c
thought weie sandwiches ami one
mess cup of lukewarm lea II
wasn't a cold, hiatutg winter day.
either. We look our hikes in the
soggy heal ol the Virginia pen
insula, and by the lime we le.
turned lo barracks our laligurs
were soaking wet.
Some of the men fell by Ihe
wayside and one oi I wo we
shoveled inlo trucks. But this
didn't wnle oil Ihe drill lor
them. Thry had to hae thai 30-
Dark
Or Fad?
mile hike under their bells before
I hey weie considered soldiers. But
no one considered il a tremendous
hardship. In (act. we were slighlly
exhilarated. Having liiught lor
showers and stood at attention
in clean uniforms for retreat, we
thought of it as just anolher day.
The younger men. the kids of
111 and 111. slopped down Ihnr
chow and dashed oil to Ihe Serv
ice Club lor an hour or so of
dancing.
(if course, il was wartime. But
the Army insisted on this kind ol
training because it had sent bos
into battle at Kassenne Pass who
lost their trucks and suddenly
found thai the only way lo avoid
capture was lo use their leel.
Many ol them panicked. The
Ainiy learned lis lesson
Bui mavtic this has Iven lor
gotten 1 hold tremendous admir
ation (or Ihe lighting ciialilies ol
tlie Marine Cnips. Bui I cant
loiget I lie pictures of the Marines
who took President Kennedy's
dare. You'd think they'd just
climlied Mount Everest.
Piosident Kennedy is absolute
ly right almul the need lor phv st
eal Illness and about the soilness
o( many voung people today I
hope he sees to it that rvciv sol.
ilicr and sailor in the A r m e d
hours can lake Ihe I I! prescrip
tion. Hill lei's not make it a lad
For several days, the exploits of
Admmistialion hikers have filled
up almost as much new spun! as
Ihe debate in tax reloim Ihe
stamma of our troops and our
voung people is a deadly serious
business It shouldn't be heated
as some kind of nrt.
pg
Readin,' 'Ritin,' & Rafferty
By HIM M. IIKCIIINGKR
(In The Sew York Times)
Since the election of Dr. Max
Rafferty as California's Stale Su
per intentlent of Public Instruct
tion. the question has hern asked
whether the appeal of his educa
tional platform in California miht
also he alluring to the nation.
Last week, as a panelist on the
Columbia Broadcasting System's
"Great Challenge," he had his
first national exposure since his
victory at the polls. A New York
studio audience repeatedly hurst
into applau.se when Dr. Rafferty
drove home his views.
What was nr. Ralferty's plat
form? lie ran n "the Four R's
readin. 'ritin", 'rithmetic, Raf
friiy." He attacked progressive
education and its patron saint,
John Dewey. He opposed "life
ndjustment education" with its
stresses on "learning by doing'
and its neglect of the academic,
subjects. He charged that text
books lack educational substance.
In addition, bis campaign bad
overtones of being opposed to al
leged liberal indoctrination of
pupils. He complained that old
fashioned patriotism was being
neglected in modern American
schools.
The New York appearance
made it much clearer why and
how Dr. Rafferty succeeds with
the public.
Counting on a deep undercur
rent of dissatisfaction with various
often ill-defined aspects of to
day's schools. Dr. Rafferty
aimed his lire at concrete vil
lains. With a politician's insight,
he knows that simply to ask for
high quality or to deplore shoddy
standards has little appeal.
Case for Catch MnriU
He uses instead cntth words
pioaresive education. Dewey,
pragmatism, etc. which have
mm h the same impact in a public
Pick and Choose
ACROSS
I FVndl
40 Biblical word
41 Island East of
4 Cleo had one of
Java
4'.1 Pronoun
theM
ft his i mil
12 Wnle street
i ah
1,1 Fmtmnter
14 Attention
anting sound
15 Meadow
IH Pardons
18 Meredith
4J It's (o
fit a lit
4r It aged
4H He speeds
froduc' ion
iibltcal woman
52 (Iradual
impairment
M Pari of the eve
hi Tsak
Wilion
CO Ft-onomif i ib.
21 Manuscripts
;,' Superlative
endings
an i
2'2 Pari of a foot
IM .Uvob brother
Bread spread
'27 9"8 t Roman)
0 Ai-hie
32 John
(lamer
!M lanres
3.r Redactor
3b Holv pernors
Kb i
17 Kma!
SStiaeln
57 Ktploive
DOWN
1 Tree
'2 Eternal!
3 Member of the
iuad
4 -lather together
b Half i prefu
W nhnu tool
7 rfmalc saint
ih
8 S. rap f
I 12 13 U 5 16 17 I 8 9 110 III
il T3 Ti
i5 is rr
18 l7" pjQ
16 J"" 11 128 '29
35 f"j; 38 a r" S
71" 44 O45 4 47
49 SO """51
bl 3 34
-
I I I . I 1
discussion of education as "soft
ness on Communism." creeping so
cialism or the welfare state have
in a public discussion of politics.
They provide symhols of villainy,
arouse emotions and build up a
following.
Dr. Rafferty. after calling pro
gressive education "pragmatic,"
said he wanted the schools in
stead to teach absolute and last
ing values. Who would not will
ingly rally to that especially if
the values are not defined? Once
one begins to outline them, one
man's absolutes often turn out
to he the other man's poison.
The more technical example of
the audience - winning approach
was demonstrated when Dr. Raf
terty objected to the low caliber
of icstbooks. He added that a
typical filth grade history hook
was full of pioneers' household
chores with nothing lo say about
v the .Monroe Doctrine.
Most intelligent observers of
the education scene agree with
Dr. Rafferty that textbooks leave
much to be desired partly be
cause the subtle and open pres
sures by right-wing superpatriots
have conspired to drain any pos
sible controversy out of them.
And so the audience applaud
ed, without giving any thought to
Ihe question whether textbooks for
lo-year-old children might not ac
tually be heller off talking about
how the pioneers lived than about
the real meaning nf the Monroe
Doctrine, which is a difficult
theme for even mature students of
history.
Moderates Paralyzed
An even more interesting phe
nomenon is the reaction of Ihe
moderate or lilveral educaTi'ors to
this kind of performance. They
become paralyzed. Dr. .Inhn H.
Fischer, president of Teachers
College of Columbia t'niversity,
a panel member who is normally
Answer to Prvimi Ptinl
material
9 Hurkeye Slate"
10 Sharp
1 1 Printing term
17 Ordinal number
19 Ordinary
2.t Compass point
24 Part of Ihe
fare
?. I et it stand
2f V pon
'.'7 Burial
28 Obiect of
w orhip
29 Nothing more
than
11 Small bodv of
land
13 Pointer
3 And t litin)
,18 Mavmtinn
nickname
39 Member nf
the family
41 ("nffins
42 Iometica1fd
animal
41 Tools
44 Argument
4fi Count by
47 Uvel
48 Obligation
4i Female sheen
.M . Frnr
an eloquent spokesman for rigor
ous education, responded by try
ing lo defend everything Dr. Raf
ferly attacked.
This was especially remarkable
because Dr. Fischer has made a
name for himself by opposing
earlier trends at Teachers College
which had insufficient stress on
the intellectual content of public
school learning. He had even spok
en out against the abuse of Dew
ey's theory of teaching "the whole
child" by those who interpret this
lo mean there are no priorities
of intellectual content.
Yel. when faced with the "whole
child" cliche in Dr. Rallerly's
presence. Dr. Fischer merely re
torted with the. counter cliche that
he had taught many children in
bis lilctimc, and they bad all
been "whole children."
To Dr. Ilallerly's charge that
the schools fail to teach lasting
values. Dr. Fischer replied that
American hoys fought well in
World War II. But this invokes
the reply that the Ethiopians
fought well against the Italians.
The blanket apology by modern
educators to hard-hitting polem
ics such as those used by Dr.
Rafler.ty merely solidifies the
audience's distrust of the moder
ates. They seem to say "all is
well." when the audience knows
that (his is not true. This lorges
strong bonds between the attack
er and the audience against what
appear to be the vested interests
to protect their domain. In the
course, it is easily forgotten that
Dr. Halferty is a prolcssional,
too.
Ileal Issues Hltirrrd
All this is of greater signifi
cance than a mere analysis of
audience appeal. I'nfortiinalely
hnth sides blur the real issues.
Dr. Rafferty is right that much
needs to be done to improve
American education, and the
crowd knows Ibis to be true. In
lacl. such leaders as Dr. Fischer
know il just as well.
But by turning it into a con
servative versus liberal battle, the
elicit is to make Ihe Fischer
forces st.ind pat in Ihe delensive
and lo make the Rafferty forces
moe. but largely backward.
The picture is one of a reloi m
nioemcnt, under way ever since
Ihe middle lillies. By that lime,
progressive education had made
its contribution and committed its
follies both in considerable meas
ure. Dewey himself had long re
buked the permissive extremist
Inr misrepresenting him. Tlie uni
versity scholars came back inlo
Ihe public school picture and
belied teaiherrto work out new
directions toward a more academ
ically minded school. Science
made its enormous impact by
driving home Ihe importance nf
sv sternal ic leaf nine not through
pie-progtessive techniques nf role
memoiiatton but through discov.
cry and understanding.
Much is still to be dune to
raise a .idemic standards Rut
Dr. Rallcity is simply wrong in
saving that more ami more col
leges are tillering what he calls
"hnuehr.Hl Knghsli " Agreed, that
I'm many still must be offered
remedial Fiith-h. bul Ihe need
lor such ciuies is annually gel
ling less and liie number of siu
tlenls lor whom even regular
tii'-hman Kngiish is tio b.tsu- is
growing every year. The d.tnger
in talking a iv.irgu.nd baltle. to
Ihe cheer ol the masses, ag.nnst
an enemy who-e major Inrces
have long lied is th.it the stra.1
egv of the Inline will be neglect
ed. All Ihe indication are that
the cliches of the past and even
of t'y present ill not olfer the
nuahlv education tlrmaiHlcd lor
the Inline.
By BRUCE BIOSATT
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON i.NEAi Every
body is getting into the aircraft
noise abatement act.
Current developments involve
the plane makers, the airlines, the
pilots, the Federal Aviation Agen-1
cy, the airports and their city
fathers, the FHA and VA. Urban
Renewal, the courts and Congress.
Right now some 1H0 suits com
plaining of aircraft noise are pend
ing. They involve more than 1.400
individual complaints and $14
million in claims. Big trouble
spots are New York's Idlewild.
Atlanta, Dallas, Denver, San
Diego, Los Angeles, San Francis
co, Seattle.
Nearly 250 additional suits are
threatened, with upward of $14
million more potentially at
stake.
The cities which own the be
sieged airports are concerned.
When the executive committee of
Ihe United States Conference of
Mayors meets in Washington Jan.
18, noise damage suits will be
on the agenda.
What frightened them was the
United Stales Supreme Court's
decision in the Griggs case. The
court held the airport operator
liable for damages sought by a
man who had resided in a house
in direct runway line at the Pitts
burgh airport. Planes sometimes
missed his chimney by no more
. than 11'2 feet.
Under Chairman Oren Harris,
a House Interstate and Foreign
Interstate and Foreign Commerce
subcommittee recently heard a
panel of experts on plane noise.
The aim was to decide what role,
if any, the federal government
should play in meeting the prob
lem the airports face. legisla
tion could develop in the Hath
Congress.
Industry representatives conced
ed at the hearings that important
noise control devices could have
been built into today's powerful
jets had the makers been alerted
to Ihe problem in the "design
stage" years ago.
When complaints began, the in
dustry spent $50 million developing
"organ pipe" suppressors for jet
engines. In added load and drag,
they cost the airlines MS million
a year.
The big recent change is the
WASHINGTON
By FULTON LEWIS Jn.
Administration lieutenants in
Congress will introduce legisla
tion any day now to make "Bob
by's baby" legitimate.
"Bobby's baby" is the Domes
tic Peace Corps, brainchild of At
torney General Robert Kennedy
chairman of a Presidential sludy
group that came up with the idea.
When members of Congress re
turned In Washington last month,
they were surprised to learn there
was a Domestic Peace Corps in
tieration. Neither house had ev
er appropriated any funds for tile
corps. No legislation creating
such a group had even been con
sidered. In mid-January, however, an
aide to the Attorney General, Da
vid 1.. Hacked, was busy con
tacting members of Congress to
inform them of the endless pood
that a Domestic Peace Corps could
perform And operating out of ol
ficcs on Jackson Square, a stone's
throw from the White House, were
twenty young men and women,
the corps' first employes.
Two midwest Republicans. Ite
rcsenlalives H. It. Gross of Iowa
and Sam Dev me of Ohio, paid an
unannounced visit to corps head
quarters. They found one Don Mc
Clure heading up the operation.
He informed the lawmakers that
be was "on loan" from Ihe reg
ular Peace Corps located just
down tlie block.
Reps. Devine and Gross found
that every employe in Ihe olfice
was "on loan" horn some other
Executive Department, the White
House, the Treasury Department,
and the Department o( Health,
Education and Welfare
Congressman Gross, a ciuly
foe of government waste, con
cludes: "The staffing nf this outfit on
the basis of loaned personnel
means that other departments of
the government must be liberally
overstaffed wilh stenographers
and organisers, and what-have-vou
Congress should he interested
in linding out how they obtain
tiiese surplus employes they have
available to move around with the
greatest of ease throughout the
government "
Tlie revelations of Congi essmrn
Gross and Irevine have angered
memheis of Congres on both
sides of the aisle The rraitinn
has torced officials of the Domes
tic Peace Corps to change their
pbn
Early proposals called fr "Sm-
so-called fan jet engine. It is
quieter and. being more powerful,
permits sleeper climb out of
trouble areas. One third of all
United States jels now have fan
engines, and eventually all will be
thus equipped.
Experiments arc going for
ward with sound-absorbing de
vices for the air intake. These pro
duce the greatest nuisance, Ihe
high-frequency whine as a jet slips
down for a landing. Other tests
may produce a new wing surface
that could case tlie problem furth
er by allowing still steeper climb
and descent. This is years off.
The industry, the pilots and the
FAA agree that further efforts
to get at the problem by such
flight procedures as power cut
backs, special climbs and turns
are unlikely. These have reached
the limit of safety.
A big, now, hope is to control
or convert land use around af
fected airports. At new fields like
Washington's Dulles Internation
al. FAA and industry noise spe
cialists see a golden chance to
keep residential building the nec
essary five to seven miles away
from the ends of jet runways.
FAA experts are finishing a re
vised, vastly refined planning
guide to help communities deter
mine what "sound contours" they
can expect from various kinds of
aircraft. This is intended to aid
zoning around new airports, and
conversion of built-up residential
areas to light industry and other
uses considered "compatible" w ith
jet plane noise.
FHA and VA already refuse lo
insure mortgages on new homes
planned within zones where noise
levels are rated too high.
Talks are in progress between
FAA and Urban Renewal officials
to determine whether URA might
designate close-in reisdences as
"noise blighted" and allot funds
to finance their removal. As an
alternative, it is being suggested
that federal airport aid money
might be so used.
The National Aircraft Noise
Abatement Council, representing
airlines, pilots and plane makers,
plays a co-ordinating and advisory
role in much of this effort. With
fi5 new lields planning to take jets
by t7, the work of the council
and other interested parties seems
just beginning.
REPORT
Congressmen Dislike
Domestic Peace Corps
500 Peace Corpsmen to be in the
field by mid-summer." whether
or not Congress appropriated any
funds.
Now. says a spokesman: "We'll
wait till Congress gives us the
money. It won't be until then
that we can have Corpsmen out
working in slums, on Indian reser
vations, and hospitals."
Note: Ohio Senator Frank
l.auschc, a dollar-conscious Demo
crat, is ready to oppose ollicial
creation of the Domestic Peace
Corps when it comes up for Sen
ate consideraiton.
He says that local communities
have shown no interest in a Do
mestic Peace Corps. When the
Federal government asked New
York authorities to match a grant
of $2.50.000 for one "feasibility
study," it received $9.0110.
"Does $0,000 express a great
local interest in the matter?"
Lausche asks, and adds:
"We have legions of Peace
Corps workers now in our coun
try. We have ministers, priests,
and rabbis: the parents in our
homes; tlie teachers in our
schools; the social workers in our
governmental and private agen
cies; the recreational workers in
federal, stale and local gov
ernments; the police and juve
nile court officials; and Ihe pa
role officers. We are reaching the
point where wo will have more
guides working for the govern
ment than we have people to
guide."
Al
manac
Rv United Press International
Today is Monday. Feb IH. ths
4!th day of IBSI wilh .11R In folio.
The moon is approaching its
new phase.
The morning star is Venus.
Tlie evening stars are Mars and
Jupiter.
On this day in history:
In ISr.l. Jefferson Davis was
sworn into office as President of
tlie Conlederale Slates of America.
In inn. Ihe planet Pluto was
discovered by an astronomer
vvoiking at l.ocll Ohservatorv in
Flagstalf, An?.
thoucht lor the d.ty- Con
federate Prrsidcnl Jefferson Da
vis atd in h- inau:ural address:
"All we 'in the South' a-k u to
be let alone."