VAGE I
HERALD
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We live in an age often called the "scien
tific revolution." But many scholars think it
is not as scientific as it ought to he.
The complaint is simple hut important:
that not enough time, money and manpower
are spent on hasic research. Too much is spe
cifically related to projects like weapons de
velopment or space programs.
Alan T. Waterman, director of the Na
tional Science Foundation, takes note of this in
the foundation's newest yearly report to the
President. He says:
"Although the desirability and import
ance of such an ideal (ample basic research)
is surely understood by thoughtful people
everywhere, it appears to be one that is very
difficult for a country to adopt as a national
objective."
The difficulties include:
The sheer size of the effort in money and
men, compelling extreme care in the quest
for "productive" results.
The fact that the federal government is
now the main source of research support,
which again forces attention to projects that
will yield visible return.
The foundation estimates that in 1961-62
about $15 billion was spent in the United
Slates for research and development in the
natural sciences. That is nearly three times
Ihe outlay for 1953-54, when the first formal
check was made.
Of the $15 billion, roughly one-tenth went
for basic research. All other research effort
was directly tied to specific project goals,
THESE DAYS . . .
Robert Frost One
By JOHN CHAMHKHLA1N
leath finally taught up with
Robert, Frost, the uncrowned pnel
Imreate of the nation, .mri it wnx
one nf (hp more wrenching expe
riences of a lifetime, to mm him
Co
He was such a grand old man.
and he deserved every bit of the
adulation that came to him in his
old ae. Yet, though everyone
made much of his nearly and lm
mornus acceptance of life, he
couldn't have really liked Ihe way
(lie nation that prated him was
going. He served in Washington
as consultant in poetry to the Li
brary of Congress tinder Presi
dent Klscnhnwer, and he was chos
en to read a poem at Presidr-nt
Kennedy's Inaugural, hut he must
have had qualms every lime he
hmked down the long avenues of
(lie national capital, with their
pseudo-Roman buildings housing
our ever-expanding federal bu
leaueracy. He was a man from
the granite hills, deeply ingrained
with the self-help Yankee tradi
tion, and he must have resented
Ihe fact that we, as a people,
had gnne over to I tie idea that
scores of three initialed adminis
trative agencies, deep in in-haskct
and out-basket routines, are nec
essary to look alter us all.
RotKTt Frost spoke for those of
us who resent it when we me
called mean because we don't suh
senbe to the modern humanitar
ian's idea that we should be com
pelled by the Stale to he our
brothers' keepers. 1' is nol that
we wish ill to our brothers; it is
only that we wish personal seoe
to be the judges of cases. As Rob
ert Frost said in "A Considerable
Speck":
"I have none of the tenderer-
l ha n thou
Collertivisur regimenting !oe
With winch the modern world is
being swept."
True enough, as he wrote I lime
lines, he was experiencing an up
rush of tender Iccling tor a micro
scopic insect which happened to
be wandering across the pai;e he
was writing on. Rut this w;is a
matter of "live and let live." of
respect for anything "with inclina
tions it could call its own " Mr
believed in Ihe will, and in re
spect for the will. and. thouuh he
SHid "hunter is not debatable."
be wanted the will to be let! in
tls own devices once basic succor
had been provided N the man m
trouble.
FroM was instinctively a "Inn
er" in spite of nis loe lm
enough company lo olfer him the
give-and-take of disputation. In a
poem called "Build Soil." deliv
ered at Columbia l'nieiMly in
mt2 before the national party con
ventions of that yeai. hr warned
the nung college gineralion
"Don't join tno many g.n:
ilmn I" if any
Join the I'nited Slates and jinn
tli family
AND NEWS, Klimath Falls, Ore.
And The Scientists
like finding out how lo heat a space capsule
adequately.
Basic research expenditures also have
tripled since 1053-54. But a breakdown of
this increase shows what troubled scientists
are talking about.
Government - performed basic research,
measured in dollars, is up 400 per cent
largely owing to stepped-up space programs.
Meantime, funds laid out by colleges for the
same purpose basic study rose 175 per
cent.
A good many people make the argument
that research linked with space development,
or even that devoted to specific health pro
jects, has "spill-over" effects which can yield
broad general scientific benefits to the whole
of society.
One can never be sure what offshoot
idea may spring from solving some particular
problem in space technology.
Not many scientists probably would quar
rel with this contention. Yet they still don't
like the idea of having so much research tied
tight to practical, immediate goals. They think
mankind benefits most when the scientist can
explore the unknown with full freedom.
Waterman makes the point in the foun
dation report:
"Because basic research in science is
closely related to scholarly work in all dis
ciplines, and to the arts, it is the mark of a ma
ture nation to allow full play lo exploration
of the mind in these directions."
America still seems well short of such maturity.
Of Nation's Finest Men
Rut not much in between unless
a college . . ."
The young of 1932, however, did
not heed him. They rushed off
to embrace all sorts of organiza
tions, looking to commissars of
one tye or another for orders
or, as the newfangled word hart
it. "directives." They turned deaf
cars to tlie poet frcm the New
Hampshire hills when he said:
"I hid you to a one-man revo
lution The only revolution that is com
ing." In time, however, many of ihe
young of 1932 turned hack to Frost
for guidance. Like the Old Man
of the Mountains in New Hamp
shire, he had remained riht
where he was.
In modern pai larce. Robert
Frost was an "underprivileged '
child. His father dud when lie
was young, and he had lo help his
gentle and religious-minded moth
er struggle under a never-ending
debt. His biographers tell of hi,
bringing eggs lo market to .sell
lor litteen cents a dozen. The
grocer, to whom the Frost family
Land of the Free
ACROSS
17 Fw country
13 One of its nhrs
14 River in Italy
1& Capacity ol
activity
1 Speaker
17 Cornier
lflSranilmiMan
40 Resilient
4.1 V S time ron
(ah i
4 Wend
4" nnier of monks
M Rowing
M Corrodftl
M M:iMang
M Household
pfi Kaslen
tuutimlly
7 Slii.tv of
20 Mannrr's
direction
21 Applications for
sprains
2.1 Fight i comb,
fm m i
26 thoroughfares
at i
27 Relative
31 Head covering
32 Pat k
.11 Contraction
34 Radianra
3A (irecian
mountain
W I-till of unrTM
,7 R'Mi.-sl k-K
colonial ho'lics
(ah i
HOW N
1 hnshoneans
2 Nol anv
,1 Holm Oik
4 friit of Un.t
ah i
R Masculine name
6 Senior memhert
iKr
7 Prrn fico of
emtion
v.irth -I -..
(t
10
1 1
.'
19
'-M
'21
'2,1
J 4
2
jfl
'.'it
Mi
T a 3 4 15 lb 7 18 9 110 111 12
IT 14
1 T?
D 1 fcjia -
23 12 125 fT 272a 29 '30
51 ....:4.." Z
iT4l 4Z 1
4J '4 4b "T5 I""! t 149
ii(5 bl 52" bJ
X
55 57
Wednesday, February I, 1M1
always owed a big hack hill, would
break the. eggs to see if they
were good. If they were, he would
allow credit for them.
Frustration hulks large in
Frost's poems about New England
characters, hut his own experi
ences in frustration did not make
him jealous or bitter. Instead, he
used his frustrations as material
for art. He lived for years as a
farmer and school teacher, writ
ing htlle and getting his educa
tion as he could. He joined no
cliques, he did not try to become
a professional wrilei overnight.
Poetry, to him. was intellec
tual play, to see if he could "pull
it off." "My life." he said, "has
been such a gamble. 1 have en
joyed so much the uncertainly of
things. I couldn't live without it."
A strange man in the modern
world, this lover of uncertainty.
He also cherished independence
and versatility. He liked people
who didn't whine. It is terrible lo
see him go, (or he represented
Ihe best phases of our small r
republican and our small-d dem
ocratic past.
Answtr to Previous PtiTil
LI
list n n
Ecre al
'D.fc..Li .MnN.t.-?1T,
Hnllvwnod
ad rrs
Head iKr 1
;i of im e
Witheird
IW
Hlood convevor
lil'de i slangi
One of 50
Sim lair
hern
Can
W fiern 1lo
Old sons
Wr t hp rt
(jrade 1 2 words;
3ft --Trail
.17 Tille
.in Rni.ll
41 P.ii'ih rom
Piological until
I.M ' S humorist
44 feminine namt
4Ti Horde's gait
47 Kamou horse,
Un .
4ft Western plant
4i Wahian gulf
M Inlerest i ah )
St rermite
IN WASHINGTON . .
The
By RALPH dp TOLKDAXO
A Democratic c.ngrp.ssman
said to me, "For the love of
Mike, please don't qiwtp. me. Bui
I've been studying tltc Presi
dent's tax program and I can't
see where it will do anybody any
Rood. Why did he hother sendins
it lo us?"
Hours later. Budget Director
Kcrmit Gordon let the cat nut of
Ihe bag. He put it in Ihe fancy
language economists use. But
what he said to the Joint Con
gressional Kcnnomic Committee
added up to this: An unbalanced
budget is a positive good. Unless
tlie U.S. has a whopping budunt
delicti, the country is in lor real
trouble. Unemployment will go
up. the Gross National Product
will go down, and we'll have to
boost taxes.
Kven a Solomon couldn't ex
plain this. But the logic behind it
By SYDNEY .1. HARRIS
I whs having lunch with a mag
azine publisher from New York,
in the course of which hp men
tioned a man wp holh knew. "Sam
would make a fine editor." he
said, "if only he would learn
to pive the other fellow a chanre
to speak up."
"Yes." I agreed, "hut then he
wouldn't he Sam anv more: he
wo-ild he somebody else."
One of the most frequent mis
takes we make lies in assuming
that a personality is a collection of
trails, or that a personality is
merely the sum of its parts. Per
sonality is a way of orcanizing
these part.
Sam's "had tratt" his unwill
ingness to give Olivers a chance
lo s'vak 1 1 1 is directly rated to
Ins "good' 'traits. They are inte
grated in a complex structure, like
a sot ot molecules, and removing
r (hanging one would atlect the
whole nature of the structure
It wr look at persons dynamical
ly and not simply as ft static set
f traits, wp can so? that cer
tain detects are the price they
pay tor their virtues, just a ul
cer or migraine is the price some
people pay for their perfection'
i.m or their passivity or their
arcssiM'npvs.
Tins is why " pomtitis out" a
had trait to a colleague or a sub
ordinate een in a ktnnU and
wrll-meaning way usually does
no good, and may even Ho some
harm It makes him feel wnr-e.
and does not enable him to act
anv better
When we single nut one t ait
or chai acterivtir and ak the wr
son to change it. up are ir.dlv
asking him to change tlie oi gan
i.Mtmn of lm whole perMMia;;ty;
and this ! a formidable tak for
which mW ol us are not ci'i;;vd
-especially w hen it has taken
ti. e.ii s of ettort to ac!uce
some sih'ces ami fsiuihhnum ith
tins particular ntganiation of our
tiaits
Perhaps we can see Hie pnVv
tem mnip clearly if we eomep
of the personalis a a r'p-e!y
integrated team of acrohat who
Mand on one another's sh-Hi'.ic,
three men below, tben tun on top
o( them, ami finally on? on the
SI
Goin' for the Big One
mam
New Tax Program
is the real motivation for Presi
dent Kennedy, the Council of
Kconomic Advisers, and the oth
er administration ideologues. This
is the reason (or the seeming un
concern at the Treasury and the
White House over the projected
$11.9 billion deficit. When it is
pointed out that deficit estimates
are always optimistic that if
past history is any inJcx, the ac
tual figure will he at least $14
hillinn Ihe administration's fis
cal thinkers don't bat an eyelash.
On Capitol Hill, however, tax
es and politics are blood broth
ers. And some of the more
thoughful legislators have been
using pencil and paper to figure
out what the President's tax pro
gram and lax reform will mean
to the average voter. Those who
believe that Mr. Kennedy should
have his way are praying that
.tohn Q. Public doesn't read the
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
top. If we change the povitmn of
any one of the men. or take one
away, the whole act is different.
And. indeed, it may be the man
on the hot torn ' whom u e find
"undesirable" ' that enables the
top man to maintain his precari
ous balance.
Of course, people change, and
niirdify their conduct, and learn
from experience if they are open
to it. But it i important to know
that some "bad" traits make the
good ones possible, just as the
pathology in the oyster produces
the pearl.
POTOMAC
FEVER
New phone rates will permit
$1 calls anywhere in Ihe country
alter 9 p m. That's tlie trouble
thop days. Talk is getting so
cheap, notxidy can afford to shut
up.
Cnv. Rockefeller r h A f ft t
JFK didn't tell the truth ahoul
i'llha. Veracity Is the mnl
Miught alter goal In politics.
The out seek It for the Ins
and the Ins seek II for the out.
Tilings are so bad in New York
because of the newater tnke
that people are going to Phila
delphia to crawl out on window
ledges.
A San Francisco banker savs
women don't know how to handle
money, t'ntiue It's lust that they
pavs it along so fast, they don't
leave fingerprints.
IV t;aulle hrs Britain from
Europe's common market. Ie
CtNUlle's sentimental hatlari for
Prime Minister Marmillan:
"You'll find ocir happiness
lies right under onr eves, right
In ynr own hack yard."
Budget rircctor (Innton u a
balanced bixkrl would produce
hard lime. Thce New Fron
tierMwn ; cautious lot. You'll
necr find liirm venturing to toe
bunk o( soUcncv
n.F.tVHF.R KVK.RtX
fine print in the tax message.
Those who oppose him and you
will find them in both parties
are wondering how they can pene
trate the Paper Curtain that
shields the administration.
The idea behind the administra
tion's proposals for tax reform is
to get more of Ihe I0113 green into
circulation. Take some of the bur
den off the middle and lower in
come brackets, we are told, and
there will he a sharp nse in con
sumer goods sales. True enough.
But docs the administration lax
program actually do this? It's
look at the record.
A careful scanning ol the Pres
ident's lax cut proposals indi
cates that a married man earn
ing $7,500 a year will save $39
in KKvl. That's not very much
certainly not enough to allow him
to splurge on that new washing
machine which his wife has been
wanting. But under the present
tax law. this voter could take a
to per cent standard deduction
for medical hills, charitable con
tributions, and so on. Now. it has
been reduced In five per cent.
This will easily eliminate the $28
saving. More than one Congress
man has pointed out that for an
administration so wo-ncd aluiut
the nation's medical hills, this is a
strange way to give a helping
hand.
There are other surprises in
Ihe fine print. Though Mr. Ken
nedy has called for li'igalily. the
new tax measure will increase
non-delense sending by almost
$2 billion It will cost the lcder.d
government well over $10 billion,
when added lo the current na
tional debt, simply in interest pay
ments. And it will push that
debt above &U5 billion.
Representatives and Senators
who think in terms ol fiscal
responsibility also point nut that
the Sfl billion budget is not a
one-shot deal to "get the coun
try moving." The Presidents
budget obligates the government
to the tune of $11111 billion to be
spent in 1!K14 and beyond. This,
perhaps, is the most serious as
pect of the prohlem. Congression
al economists have complained
year alter year that cutting the
budget becomes increasingly
dillirult as a result of funds au
lhori7ed in the past thte decades
for future projects. The area
where cuts can be made grows
smaller with each passing budget.
President Kcnnedv. I am sure,
sincerely believes that increased
government spending w ill cure all
our economic ills and 1 educe un
employment. This is surprising,
lor Mr. Kennedy is something of
a student of recent history. But
be has forgotten that thf theory
he ts dangling bcfoie the Con
gress is not new. President
Franklin IV Hoosexeit subscribed
to it. The New- Deal jmured out
billions of dollars to end tlie
Great Depression In i'W, how
ever. Ihe I'nited Slates still had
to million unemployed. Only
World War II. and the tnaniww
er demands of the armed fntccs.
w ii'od nut unemployment
The big surges in economir ac
tivity have taken plac when the
government cut down-n its spend
ing and allowed the liee enter
prise system to operate with a
relative amount of elbow room.
i we co baik to Ihe dav of PW
and WP.V says the cperts. we
might lust as well re.oncilf our
selves to a permanent unemploy
ment of sivtn-eight mijion. and a
chronically s!ugih C'trorrv.
EPSON INI WASHINGTON . . .
Cutting Tax Will be
Involved Situation
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON' f.NEAi The
most complete overhaul of United
States tax rales in 20 years, just
proposed to Congress by Presi
dent Kennedy, is an apparent ef
fort to give some relief to every
bracket of taxpayers. That should
win the new program much pop
ular support and make it easy tn
pass. But it probably faces a
long, hard road with many
amendments before it becomes
law.
Treasury Secretary Douglas
Dillon is scheduled to present
draft legislation to the House
Ways and Means Committee Feb.
6. Chairman Wilbur Mills. D-Ark..
says there will be six weeks of
hearings and two months of com
mittee work marking up the bill
before its presentation to the
House for approval.
That should be about May IS.
Allow three months for Senate
action and couple of weeks for
Senate-House conferences tn iron
nut differences and it is close to
Sept. 1. So if a new tax hill has
been signed into law before third
quarter payments are due Sept.
15. it will be a miracle.
The President's message calls
for part of the lax reduction In he
made retroactively effective as of
Jan. 1. 1963. That means a huge
refunding operation. But many
taxpayers will feel the effect as
soon as payroll taxes withheld
by their employers are reduced
under the new law.
Another step in the reduction
program would be made effec
tive .Ian. 1. I4.
Included at this time would be
21 structural tax reforms of an
extremely technical nature, if
they are approved by Congress.
The new tax reform program
would then become fully
effective Jan. 1. 1!'5. except for
the acceleration of tax payments
by large corporations, which
would he adjusted over a five
year period to cushion the im
pact. There is hound lo be consider
able tax confusion in this period,
with rates changing every year.
1 5 Cracks
By I.KON DENNKN
Newspaper Enterprise Analyst
NEW YOIiK 1 NE A At t h e
historic moment when Ihe Red
world is in a stale nf disarray,
political cracks are also develop
ing in the North Atlantic alliance.
President Kennedy's New Fron
tiersmen are now busy pointing
nut that it is Ihe "reactionary"
flen Charles dp Gaulle who is
chiefly res)onsihle for NATO's
latest -pell of disunity. They make
fun nf the French president who
stubbornly clings to his vision nf
"France's grandeur" and wants to
create his own nuclear defense,
independent nf the I'nited States.
Many nf IV Gaulle's views are
no doubt outdated and unrealis
tic. Rut it would be an error to
Inrsct that it was U Grande
Charles with his seemingly ludi
crous loth Century notions of
grandeur and honor who saved
France from fratricidal war live
years ago.
Former French Premier Guy
Mollet told this writer in laifl that
only De Gaulle had the courage
and moral authority to give Al
geria independence "without de
al roving France " He was eager
enough to clutch at De Gaulle
b.ig and baggage.
Mollet. who suffered Irom a
failure nf nerves in lqVl. has re.
gained his conlidcnce since De
Gaulle solved the Algerian prob
lem. His Socialists made common
cause with the Communists in
the recent elections in an eflnrt
lo delcat the' general.
It is equally important for the
free world to remember that it
was De Gaulle's stubborn opposi
tion In anv negotiations with Ni
Vita Khrushchev under threat that
helped to preserve the indcen
dence of West Berlin in 10M and
1!'2
Finally, the French p-c-idcnt
b.s gamed a working maior;ty in
the National Assembly and thus
assured five years of stability tn
Frame a feat arh'oved hy no
French political lender in this
cc uttiry.
It is ea-y enough lo point out
the dangers in De Gaulir go-it-a'one
aiomic plan for France.
E.uer lingers are busilv doing so
in W.ishincton Rit thr dissen
sion between President de Gaulle
and President Kcnnedv over
N T' policy calls also for other
comment.
Washington s New Frontiersmen
M'em tn believe that they a:one
know tle secret of diplomacy
ami vmcr They seem to forget
t;Mt t'icre iv more to an alliance
of free nations than a contribu
tion of wcaivons or even goods
It 1 copc-d-d that the 1 ruled
14
The reason given for gradual re
form is that putting all changes
into effect at the same time
would cause too big a budget
deficit at once, and cause too
big a shock to the economy.
Details nf the new program are
so complex that any attempt to
review or even list all lha
changes in this limited space
would be (utile. In general, they
are the reductions first given in
the President's State of the Un
ion message.
In summary, tax savings would
be 40 per cent for people with
adjusted gross income below
$3,000, falling by a graduated
scale to 10 per cent for incomes
over $50,000.
Filing returns would be simpli
fied for 60 million taxpayers.
The tax problems of small busi
ness, the aged and working moth
ers with dependent children would
be given special treatment.
Preferences formerly given to
higher income taxpayers receiv
ing dividends and capital gains or
excessive deduction allowances
would be curbed.
Whether the program will do
all the things the President says
it will is open lo question.
The President again puts tax
reduction as the most important
business before the new Congress.
'Tax cuts will naturally increase
consumer spending by individuals
as soon as their withholding tax
es are reduced. Fulher invest
ment by corporations should 0
up. after their taxes go down in
1!W4.
Whether tax reduction alone will
step up economic growth and the
output of goods and services by
several times the amount of the
tax cut $13.0 billion over three
years will have to be demon
strated. Tax cuts alone can hardly cure
unemployment nor guarantee full
employment. Tax reduction does
not necessarily mean that there
will be price stability, an end tn
inflation and permanent solution
of the international balance-nf-paymcnts
gap.
From many places will be
heard demands that government
spending must be rut, too, for
fiscal responsibility.
THE GLOBAL VIEW
Who Is To Blame For
In Alliance?
States has more than 90 per cent
of tlie free world's atomic might.
But does this mean that the New
Frontiersmen are also endowed
with more than no per cent nf
the free world's wisdom?
According lo information recent
ly "leaked" by Ihe President him
self. Mr. Kennedy now intends to
exert tougher leadership in Uie
North Atlantic alliance even at
the risk nf offending De Gaulle,
Britain's Prime Minister Macmil
lan and other European leaders.
The In-esident apparently reached
his decision after his success in
the Cuban affair if it was in
deed a success.
Mr. Kennedy's new tough policy
toward Ihe Western allies may
have a rertain appeal among the
power - obsessed intellectuals
in his entnurage. But will it con
tribute to Ihe strength and unity
of NATO?
General de Gaulle is a proud
old man with a long memory. He
obviously has not forgotten that
in the last war when France was
overrun hy Nari Germany he w as
nltcn left nut in tlie cold by his
American and British allies.
West Eurojie is no longer Ihe
sick and devastated society it was
after Ihe war. The European's
postwar inferiority complex has
vanished. He now wants a share
in determining his own fate.
This was emphasised by Gen.
ljuris Norstad. former NATO
commander. The desire of the
European nations for a "reason
able voice in making derisions
governing tlie n-e nf nuclear wea
pons." Norstad said, must be
accepted hy Americans as "a
fact of life,"
Or as a prominent European
diplomat told this wpter:
'No atomic annihilation with
out representation."
Almanac
Ftv I'niled Prrs International
Tim1.iv is Hnrsdav. Feb A,
the rt;th dd of piM uith to
follow.
The mottn is apprrw bin; i
full pha
Thp nwmnc t;r i. mi
The evening s'ars sre Man
and .lupiter.
Those born on this rfiy ,-ire un
der the .men of Vpianu .
On this day m history:
tn 17RR, Vassarhiivr'U ratified
Ire S Constitution
In 1VA Henry ("lav del;ered
u! la it ereat spcerh en the floor
of the Senate, speakirs in favor
of h's rrppromt hr of irvi.