Quackery or Therapy?
patients who were being treated for hyper
tension. I was told that mental patients
were treated .similarly. In a fashionable
Paris clinic, soft music is played in the
wards; but at the. Leningrad clinic of Pro
fessor Chernorutsky, not the slightest
sound is permitted, not even the click of
a door closing or a nurse's footfall.
Professor Chernorutsky uses the treat
ment for ulcer cases. He induces sleep by
giving regular anesthetics. By isolating
the brain, the long sleep prevents the body
tissues from reacting to the ulcer and frees
the ulcer to "sleep itself out." In Germany
the sleep cure has been used with apparent
success as a slimming treatment
Perhaps the best place to study the
sleep cure is at two private Swiss
clinics, Prangins and La Metairie, both on
Lake Geneva near Lausanne. Neither is
recommended for those with limited funds
the bill for a month's snooze can run up
to $1,000.
At these clinics the newly arrived pa
tient first is given a thorough physical
checkup. Then he receives a morphine de
rivative to calm him down. Next comes an
injection to send him off into a light sleep,
and, from then on, drugs are administered
daily to keep him that way.
The patient is awakened for meals at
the usual times. If he is very sleepy, he is
spoon-fed, although usually he can sit up
and feed himself.-At regular intervals he
is bathed and led to the bathroom. Then
he slides back into sleep.
Reactions vary greatly. Some patients
cannot remember what they ate at their
last meal. Others have total recall of what
happened to them during their periods of
semi-wakefulness.
The patient's return to normal after two
or three weeks of sleeping is gradual. Even
after a single week's sleep, he needs four
or five days of "convalescence" before he
emerges from the general mood of woozi
ness. But then suddenly: Bam! He is wide
awake and is eager for work and action.
All sleep systems are consistent on this:
sleep must be kept light, nothing more
than a doze. Experiments in deep sleep,
which were carried out in Germany as
early as l!)2.r, were instructive and resulted
in some remarkable cures, but the heavy
sleep carried considerable danger. Patients
1 had to be tube-fed and given enemas. Too
profoundly asleep to cough and thus clear
the lungs, they became subject to broncho
pneumonia. The frequently astonishing re
coveries did not compensate for a 10-percent
mortality rate.
One of the chief problems of the sleep
cure and a reason for the widespread
medical distrust of the treatment is the
fact that sleep itself is still a mystery to
medicine and science. Little is known about
it. Doctors really do not know what sleep
does for the body or even whether sleep is
necessary at all.
But whatever the merits of the cure, a
profusion of new means of inducing sleep
continues to pop up in medical journals
from London to Moscow.
The French claim to have discovered a
sleep hormone which necessitates a drop-by-drop
transfusion. The Russians, prob
ubly the most advanced people in the world
on this particular subject, have gone into
mass production with a delicate instru
ment called an Elektroson which induces
"electric sleep." Electrodes are placed on
the eyelids, behind the ears, and at the
base of the brain. The patient feels a slight,
agreeable pulsation behind the eyes and a
prickly feeling about the eyelids; then he
goes to sleep.
Lives have been saved by the sleep treat
I ment. In 1961 an English girl, Jennifer
Uavey, was dying from tetanus. Unable to
breathe because of the paralysis of her
lungs, she was put into an artificial lung
and sent into a two-week sleep. This un
knotted the muscles, and she made a com
plete recovery.
The British Medical Journal reported
the case of a mentally sick boy in a New
castle, Australia, hospital in September,
1959. An appeal went out to Russia for
the Elektroson. The message was relayed
to an Australian writer in Moscow who
bought the apparatus for $200 and en
trusted it to an airline stewardess. Be
cause of its delicacy, it had to be carried
on the laps of crew members for the entire
flight to Australia. The application was
said to be successful and the boy's dis
turbance to have diminished.
At a fashionable clinic in Paris I asked
a doctor what types of people needed the
sleep cure most Without hesitation, he
replied, "Jazz musicians. More than any
other artists, they are genuinely tied up
in knots inside."
I asked about movie stars and was given
a reply of appropriate Gallic realism. "Film
stars are a different matter," he said.
"They think the sleep cure sounds chic;
they enjoy talking about it at cocktail
parties. But between you and me, few
movie stars really need it In their profes
sion they rarely think enough for their
brains to get tired."
Family Wrrkly. January 27, 1963
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