WORLD
HORIZONS
rfA
?AGE6-C
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Sunday, January 27, 1963
Brazils Dream Capital Grows
like TopsyBut Mot As Planned
By H. DENNY DAVIS
BRASILIA (UPI) - Almost
three years after it became thci
national capital, this carefully dc
signed city of the future continues
to grow although not exactly the
way the planners expected.
;Vhen a national sets out to
build a dream city, it's not easy
to make all the dreams come true
at the same time. Brasilia today
presents some odd contradictions:
Avenida W-3 is the main shop
ping district. But it wasn t de
signed that way. It was going to
be a back street for warehouses
and trucks. Instead, traffic
boomed and today police have to
whistle traffic to a halt to let
pedestrians cross.
Three night clubs do good busi
ness in the middle of the week,
but waiters yawn on Saturday
nights. The big spenders, the high
officials and lobbyists, jet to Rio
and Sao Paulo on Friday aft-l
ernoon. They don't come back
until Monday.
Electric Free-Loaders
" Brasilia, the "city without stop
lights," is also a city without
stagnation. In a small, slow but
Steady stream the people keep
coming, most from Rio dc
Janeiro. They come despite mud,
dust, successive political crises.
and the worst inflation Brazil has
ever known.
No one seems to know exactly
how many people there are
Brasilia, Ask any inhabitant and
he will insist there are 230.000.
But the government-owned elec
tric company has only 23.000 cus
tomcrs, 5.000 of them non
residential.
At least 10,000 of them are
clandestine consumers," light
company manager Afranio Bar-I
bosa said. "They came here when
the city was under construction
Their lights were connected in a
hurry. Tliey have no meters, pay
no bills, are not even registered
with us."
Barbosa shrugged his big dust-
covered shoulders and shifted his
feet. "We're rooting them out as
fast as we can," he said.
Deputy Wilson Calmon of the;
Chamber of Deputies believes that
after a few years, nearly all the
deputies will have their homes
here. Critics have charged the
chamber rarely has a quorum be
cause members don t want to
slay in Brasilia.
Big Flying Expense
Calmon himself has homes In
both Rio and Brasilia, lie pays
$24 a month rent lor his apart
ment here, but spends five times
that much flying back and forth
between the two cities.
"When we couldn't get a quor-
um in Rio no one thought much
about it," he said. "Up here when
we lack a quorum, the Ilio pa
pers try to blame Brasilia."
Housing Shortage
There's a continuous housing!
shortage. The government says
the main effort must come from
private enterprise. Private build
crs say they cannot compete with
government housing where rentals!
are as low as $12 a month for a
two-bedroom apartment.
Pan American, Air France and
Alitalia have opened swanky tick
et offices in the arcade of the
Hotel Nacional. But Panam has
only two flights a week to Bra
silia, and the others haw none
at all.
Brasilia has a higher standard
of living than any other city in
Latin America, an independent
foundation reported. Four out of
five homes were found to havCj
TV sets. Nearly the whole pop
ulation has steady government
jobs. But an agronomist who
made tests said flatly this region
has "the worst soil in the world
Most food still must be trucked
in from the coast, 500 miles away.
Housewives report prices rca.
I); '
sonable at modern supermarkets
but the women miss the wider
selections and the limitless win
dow-shopping of the coastal cities
Contented Residents
Brasilia's most stable, content
ed residents come not from Rio
or Sao Paulo. They come from
the surrounding rural areas of
Goias and Minus Gcrais states,
and from drouglit-slrickcn north
cast Brazil. For these Brasilia is
the big town, a gleaming white
metropolis of glamour and oppor
tunity.
Brasilia is getting to look more
"citified," despite occasional elec
trie power failures, and an over
lay of dust from hundreds of con
struction projects.
The elaborate street system of
freeways, cloverlcafs and under
passes, is in full operation and
in most cases works beautifully
It is possible to drive safely from
the center of town to the jet air
port in ten minutes; an arrange
ment that many jet-served cities
around Hie world might envy.
The town's increasing sophisti
cation fills some inhabitants with
nostalgia. When Tom Barrett, a
U.S. Embassy attache from
Scranton, Pa., first came here.
he dressed in khakis and engi
neer's boosts, and splashed
through the mud in a jeep. Now
lie must wear a conservative bus
iness suit and a tic. He tools up
the concrete freeway to his office
in a Chevrolet Impala with power
steering.
It was more fun in the old
davs," he mused.
Nuns Work
As Nurses
BUDAPEST (UPH-Thousands
of nuns whose Roman Catholic
orders were dissolved by the Hun
garian Communist Government 13
years ago now work as nurses,
cooks or factory laborers.
Others, forced almost overnight
and without warning into the
world beyond their cloisters, have
found jobs as housekeepers,
teachers and seamstresses.
The nuns were the victims of
a battle between the Hungarian
regime and the Roman Catholic
Church.
In June, 1950, the government
closed down many convents and
monasteries. The following Sep
tember it dissolved all but four
of the 63 religious orders in Hun
gary with their 11,000 monks and
nuns.
The four left were the Benedic
tines, Franciscans, Piarists and
a teaching order of nuns.
The rest found great difficulty
in returning to secular life, which
coincided with a severe housing
shortage. Some lucky ones were
able to continue as teachers or
nurses, the positions they held
before.
Others took whatever menial
employment they could find,
In 1954 the Catholic Welfare or
ganization founded the "soli-
dantas production commune
where several hundred former
nuns could work together in their
accustomed community.
There now are 15 such commu
nities throughout Hungary, pro
ducing such things as leather
gloves, lingerie, baby and doll,
clothes and religious garments
Forty per cent of the goods are
for export.
Several homes also have been
built for old and sick nuns. A
few are controlled by the Church
and supported by the parishes.
The majority are supported by
the Health and Welfare Ministry.
But there are not enough of
these homes. Many of the old and
sick live with their families.
inose not eligible tor social se
curity receive a state pension of
500 forints ($201 a month.
The few hundred nuns who
were allowed to retain their or
ders live in the bishoprics or are
teachers in the two parochial
schools in Budapest and Dbrecen.
Some also work as nurses in the
Budapest religious hospitals and
in the Esztergom Hospital for in-.
urahle ill children.
Solving Mysteries Of Space Top
Challenge For America In 1963
UP;
Wit-
GROWING PAINS Brasilia, Brazil, or the past 32 months the national capital, It
suffering from some growing paini bur continues on its dream city goal. This is a
picture of Brasilia'! Congressional Complex. Dome at left is senate, inverted dome at
riqht is Chamber of Deputies. Between them are the skyscrapers that hold the offices
of the Brazilian lawmakers. UPI Telephoto
Red Ballet Dancer Escapes
Oblivion With 'Long Leap1
I LONDON IIIPU - Rudolf Nu
f eyev, who mode tlie most famous
kap in ballet history, returns to
the Royal Ballet at Covcnt Gar
den this week for a season that
will determine whellier he is
great or merely very good.
He returns Monday, Jan. 14.
The 24 year-old Russian defector
made his leap not on a stage but
at Paris' 1 Itotirget Airport in
June, when be jumped awav
from his Russian bodyguards and
ito the arms of French police
"It was the longest leap of my
career." lie said.
. At the tunc of his spectacular'
bid for freedom in the bar of the
airport, Nureyev was one of the
featured dancers ol the Leningrad
Kirov Ballet Company and al-
ready being hailed as one of the
most exciting Artists to emerge
in Russia in a decade.
Hut as the company reached the
airport to enplane for Iwdon Nu
reyev, who knew he was under
suspicion for "dangerous individu
lism" in mixing too freely with
French non-Communists, was in
formed that he was to go to Mos
cow Instead to appear in an al
leged performance at Hie Krem
lin.
Feared Artistic Ohllvinn
.' Ho said later that lie realized
Instantly this meant artistic ob
livion. He dodged away from the
Jiussian police assigned as body
guards to the company and flung
tnmself at (he astonished French
police inspectors and asked lor
political asvltun.
Touched by the (glamor of this
episode. Nureyev was hailed with
superlatives in his first appear
ances as a free dancer in the
West. Dame Margot Fonteyn, Brit
ain's prima ballerina, invited him
to London where aome critics pro
nounced him the greatest male
dancer in the world.
And this he may very well lie.
although there arc oilier critics
who want to see him actually
create a ballet rolo before thev
join tho chorus. They will get
their chance March 12 when Nu
reyev and Dame Margot star in
Marguerite and Armand." a new
ballet based on the lately of the
Camellia.
(ireat Boiolflce Attraction
According to his own estimates.
Nureyev in 1361 was about two
or three years away from becom
ing the top star of the Kirov Com
pany which 1ms produced such
Iwllet immortal as Pavlova, l lnn-
ova and Nikhv-ky. His experience
in Paris may have hastened Ins
artistic maturity.
This season at the historic royal
0(vera house is cxccled to tell
whether he has already joined
the Kirov immortals or whether
he still has an apprenticeship to
scrc.
One thing is certain. F.xotically
handsome with the high cheek
bones of his Tartar ancestry and
a dramatic stage presence. Nu
revev is one ot the greatest box-
oil ice attractions in British ballet
history. Any appearance is bound
to bo standing room only.
7
Christian Club Grows
While Nighteries Close
iii i m il w imm iii-iii mn hi nu irl n ii
By SANDRA LKGATZ
United Press International
DETROIT (UPII Hollywood's
famed Romanoffs closed recently
because of decreasing patronage
from the winning and dining
rowd. Predictions followed that
many such supper clubs would
meet w ith the same fate.
But about the same time.
a unique supier club opened here
to a standing room only crowd
which has kept the place filled
almost every night since then.
It is a Christian supper club
where hvmns and handrlapping
have been substituted for drink-
ng ami dancing and cigarettes
are nut sold.
'Sometimes I wish we weren't
loins so well." said F.d Darling.
manager of the Crossroads Sup-
icr t lub. We haven't been getting
much sleep lately."
( rossroads is the result of 10
years of planning by area Christ
lan leaders. The club, which form-
crly housed a conventional reslati
rant, is operated by Trinity Asso
ciation, a nonptolil organization
created by 18 local Protestant
businessmen.
Since Dec. 13 when Ethel Wa
ters was on hand to entertain the
clubs "fiist iiighlers." Cross
roads has been lillcd to its son
person capacity Thursday through
Sunday nights, w ith heavy crowds
on the other nights.
Darling, a tormcr member of
the Four Iindnns (lance team
and a prominent lay figure in
Christian work in Detroit, said
that "our main purxise is to pro
vide a dining place where liquor
not served. We don't mean to
criticize tliose who do indulge hut
rather, oiler a place ol entertain
ment for those whose beliefs pro
hibit drinking."
Proceeds liom the restaurant
will go to various missions, youth
LONG LEAP The longevt leap in the ballet career of
Rudolf Nureyev was in 1961 when he jumped from his
Russian bodyguard end into the arms of French police
at Le Bourqet airport to claim asylum in France. He it
now top attraction in English ballet. UPI Telephoto
organizations, orphanages and
schools as of each Dec. 1.
Darling said to meet the de
mands of increasing patronage, r.
banquet room with a 150-person
capacity will be opened soon.
Crossroads presently employs 50
persons. Fifteen additional wait
resses will be added in the near
future.
"The idea of a Christian sup
per club is beginning lo catch on
from coast lo coast." . he said.
We have had many inquiries
from groups in various cities
where clubs may be opened. To
ronto may lie opening up such a
place soon."
Such supper clubs :"night club"
has an objectionable conotation to
Darling' also provide a showcase
for Christian talent.
'We feature entertainment five
of the six nights a week that we
are ncn and all of it must have
a 'Christ-centered' theme," Dar
ling said.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Solving the
mysteries ot space with men
and celestial machines remains
the nation's major scientific
challenge In this new year.
There also will be more research
into a strange new kind of light,
into the deep enigma of what
makes human and vegetable
life tick, and more probes into
scientific spheres. In the follow
ing dispatch a United Press In
ternational science writer re
ports on the thresholds man
will approach this year.
By JOSEPH L. MYLER
WASHINGTON (CPU In 1963
man should learn more about the
earth, moon, planets, sun, ana
himself than he ever knew before.
The United Slates plans this
year to launch two geophysical
observatories to study the earth
from space, three moon probes to
take the first closeup television
pictures of the lunar surface, two
orbiting observatories lo invest!
gate solar eruptions, and many a
scientific satellite to glean more
knowledge about space near the
earth.
This year also will see the first
cooperative space ventures by
Russia and the United Slates.
Scientists all over the world,
meanwhile, are pushing efforts to
crack the genetic code of life, to
harness H - bomb reactions lor
peacetime power, to put a strange
new kind of light to work in com
munications and industry, and to
solve the remaining mysteries of
photosynthesis, the process by
which nature manufactures food
and fiber from sunlight, carbon
dioxide, water, and soil.
Spacecraft already aloft should
provide some answers to the ques
tion whether life can exist on
Venus, what Mars looks like to
spaccborne television cameras
IP-
w
3 i&M
SPACE GOALS American 1963 space goals and instruments that will be used ta
achieve them are shown in this artistt's conceplion. Besides sending up sounding rock
ets and observatories, the U.S. will also have its first cooperative space venture with
the Soviet Union. UPI Telephoto
flying by, and what haz
ard, if any, is posed to man s
space machines by the tiny bits
of cosmic dust and debris whicn
swarm in the solar system.
Report On Venus
America's Mariner 2. the 447
pound spacecraft which flew past
Venus last Dec. 14. has reported
more information than was ever
available before about the brilli
ant planet and its space environ
ment.
Information still lo be transla
' . F - lit'
r . t i k -ft:-
v - ' : :: ,M " B
Mi
I..
SPACECRAFT This two-man Gemini spacecraft is
on display at the St. Louis office of the builder. It will
be used in 1965 to train astronauts in rendezvous tech
niques for subsequent Apollo lunar missions.
UPI Telephoto
Old-Fashioned Balloon Ride May
Give Science Best View Of Mars
IWI.KSTINK. Tex. aTI' - Dc
spilp tho ilovcloimirnt of rocket
powered spam-rail, man prob
ably Mill set his dearest view,
lo date, of the planet Mars from
an old -fashioned balloon to be
launched near this east Texas
tow n
The protect Stratoscoc
may produce the first clear evi
dence of whether there is life on
Mars
I'nder the direction of Or. Rob
ert Paniclson of Princeton Uni
versity, preparations are heme
Profile Of Californian
SAN l-'ItANt'ISt'O (UI'D - Who
lives in California? A statistical!
profile emerged from a survey by
the California P.inkcrs Associa
tion The average Caiiform.m is "0.
The average male is i.i. the fe
male 30 5 vears old.
Apiroim.itr;v I 5 million rc-i-
denls arc non-while. (f these, the
Negro population constitutes the
bigger hall ; the Japanese account
(or IWi.WO and the Chinese too.-
000.
largest foreign stock are Mexi
cans, t .in.Kttans and persons ironi
he t inted Kingdom.
An average of 3 and one half
ivrsons live in 5 million house
holds. Tlie average age of the
home buyer is .11, live years ago
it was 37.
The average family earns
SK 71. has woith of install
ment credit with banks for ma
jor purchases in this oidcr: car.
television set. washing machine,
refrigerator.
Cilifornians are the most diet
consi ions people in the country
They buy ti i.-e the tonnage of
!oi calorie hsis as those in other
region At the top of the low
i.iione food list is the soft drink
Tlie typical Califorman agr.l
made for a test flight of the 500
foot plastic balloon that will carry
instruments to the edge of the
earth's atmosphere.
FloatinR above most ot the
earth's dust and vapor the instru
ments, and later a W inch tele-
scow, will scan the surlace of the
nearest planet to earth.
The first flight for the record
ill be in earlv February. The
balloon will carrv infra-red mcas
urine instruments which will
search for water vapor on Mars.
In a later flight, possibly dur
ing October or November. 1!3.
the balloon will carry the power
ful, remote controlled telescope
lor a visual look at the neighbor
ing planet.
The second flight, according to
Man Wissingor. project engineer
tor the experiment, should pro-
led should indicate whether Venus
is cool enough and whether it has
water enough lo support life like
earth's.
Russia's Mars probe, launched
last Nov. 1, should provide science
with new information about the
red planet. It is equipped to take
television photographs of Mars
fur eventual transmission to earth
America's Explorer 16, launched
Dec. 16 to study tiny grains of
meteoric matter near the earth
w ill report this year whether there
is enough of this material in the
space trials to endanger astro
nauts and their craft.
Two U. S. satellites scheduled
for 11163, known as Ogo and Ego
will gaze at the earth instead of
objects farther out in space.
Their jobs: to give science
better idea of the exact shape
and size of our planet and its
gravitational and magnetic char
actcristics.
Two solar observatories will
seek clues from the surface of
the boiling and erupting sun to
the origin of charged particle:
ionized molecules which throng
in planetary space. They may
help man lo find means of fore
casting the giganlic solar flares
which eject radiations dangerous
to astronauts.
The lunar studies will be made
by three Ranger spacecraft car
rying clusters of television cam
eras designed to transmit moon
pictures up lo the moment of im
pact. They will show objects as
small as a beach umbrella.
Map Landing Areas
Scientists hope from these pic
hires to map safe landing areas
on tlie moon for the Apollo astro
nauts.
These flights bv the 7jO-pound
Hanger spacecraft will, if tliey
succeed, be the most spectacular
space projects planned by the
United States in 1963.
America has only one manned
flight definitely on the 1963 space
calendar. This is the one-day or
bital trip planned for astronaut
Lcroy Gordon Cooper .Ir., aboard
a Mercury capsule in April.
The Russians already have
made far longer journeys in space
than the Cooper mission. If Coop
er's flight accomplishes all ex
pected of it, the I'nited States
will attempt no more manned
space jaunts until 1964 when it
launches the first trips in the
two-man Gemini spacecraft.
With Gemini, in 1964 and 15.
the L'nitcd States u HI tram ac.
duce the clearest views and photo-inln,ut. . the r.n,ir,..n. ,rh.
graphs of Mars ever seen. niqucs thc couplng o( crilfl jn
The project will be run fronijspace which will be used in
the ralcstinc airport. subsequent Apollo missions to the
Danielson said balloon - carricdmoon. Toward the end of this
instruments will continue to makei-Wr Cicmini craft may be put
profitable studies of planets for
Sky bolt Deafh Certain
- : i -.m
i, K'V -
through an unmanned suborbital
flight.
The United States, meanwhile,
w ill send up more communication
and weather satellites. These will
include Syncom, an advanced
communication satellite which will
be put in an orbit, 22,300 miles
out in space, where it will seem
to hover. Satellites in such "fixed
orbits" theoretically could cover
the whole earth if properly spot
ted above the equator.
The Big Event
Additional Tiros weather satel
lites will be launched, but the big
event of 1963 in this field will be
the lofting of the first Nimbus.
Nimbus will swing around the
earth on a pole-to-pole orbit, and
its instruments unlike Tiros'
will always point down toward
the planet.
On Nimbus, tlie Weather Bu
reau pins its hopes for a depend
able, routinely operating satellite
weather system.
Also in una tlie' United Slates
will launch Echo 2, a bigger and
more rigid version of the Echo I
radio mirror launched in 1961 and
still in orbit.
Echo 2, as high as a 13-story
building, will provide a rellccling
surface against which Soviet and
American scientists will bounce
radio signals for the first space
communications between the two
nations.
This year. too. will sec the. final
organization of a corporation au
thorized by the United Stales to
develop a global system of space
communications. Russia will par
ticipate in this system if she
wants to.
In non-space fields scientists are
striving to control H-bomb reac
tions for power. They do not ex
pect immediate success. But "im
pressive'' progress was recently
reported by the Oak Ridge Na
tional Laboratory of the Atomic
Energy Commission, there is
enough hydrogen fuel in the
earth's waters lo give man an in
exhaustible supply of power if he
ever manages to harness the re
actions involved.
Scientists have discovered that
the genetic code, which directs
the activities of living organisms
and controls heredity, is written
in a chemical compound called
DNA. Mastery of the code and
how to manipulate it would give
man the power to create new be
ings and direct their development
He might even control his own
hcreditv.
Scientists have partially crack
ed the code. But the more prog
ress they make, the more diffi
culties they encounter. This vear
may see some of the difficulties
removed.
Timber Officer
Changes Posts
Despite Congress Talk
LAKKVIEW-
stincrvisor ol
NO WORK NO PA I
W VSHISGTOS 'Iff - Rep.
Paul C Jones. D-Mo . reminded
about 120 of his 4!3 limine col
leagues who attended a session
Thursday they are supposed to he
subject lo a "no woik. no pay"
rule.
Jones read an old law provul-
or over has been educated beyond ins lor docking a congressman's
huh school. pay if he is absent witixnit leave
The average family ons a car Irom the House. About Jl!.ixi
and. acoord.ng to statistics, hall : 'would have been docked from pay
of another, pays $10 a year in Thursday if the law was en
IraKic fines Iforeed.
WASHINGTON 'ITU - There
will be a lot of noise in Congress
over the death of the Skybolt mis
sile, and some wrathlul advocate
Carl V. Simpson. jo( lhe weapon may lake t.i jab
the Fremont Na- hinS P'ns "" the image of De-
tional Forest, announced Monday ,fnsc secretary Itohert S. McNa
live transfer of Richard J. John-!""1-
son. timber management assi-t-j But neither Capitol Hill nor Pen
ant on the Warner Ranger Pis- jtagon authorities expect tlie Air
trict. to the Silver Kike Ranger Forces i.ne.y c.ier;.:ied bonilier-
Pi-tricl Johnson will replace launched mis-,!o to be rc-uriect-
jGcne Pierson. who is transferring cd
jlo John Day. J In the Air Force's up;cr eche-
Johnson ha been timber man-. Ions, tlx- idea is lo put the Sky-
agement assistant of the V arner j bolt out of mind and gel on with
District for the past year. Prior 'other pic. ins of fortifying B3:
i wo k these, bo was assigned ; bombers. A.rmen expect the hut;
timber management work on tm' iefs. armed with improved ver
Tlwm.is Crock Ranger District
for aNnil three years. He is an
rmy veteran, married, and tlie
fatikT ot tour child, en.
Yellow is the most easi'y seen
color in the woods, according to
tests. Red. worn by hunters, rjnks
second to last.
sions o: other type missiles, to be
Key strategic weapons lor another
decade.
Rut if thr Sky holt Is dead. Its
firry exit may Ignite a funda
mental drbate In Congress and
around the nation oa where
Presidrnt Kennedy's defense
policies are heading.
Ry the time the new Congress
convened, the President had talk
ed Britain into substituting sub-marine-launched
Polaris missiles
for the Skybolts il wanted and Mc
Nainara had instructed the Air
Force to shut down the project.
year ago. the defense chief was
telling Congre-s he and the Air
Force believed tile Skybolt could
tc iieve!oved "satisfactorily" as a
l.ono-mile range ballistic missile
to be launched from R32's.
Now he has executed the pro
ject, which employed thousands,
promised longer life tor hrnnb
ing planrs. and offered a potent
new war deterrent. Done (or a
rnmhinalinn of financial, techni
cal and military reasons, the
deed annnvrd variety of mem
bers ot Congress, defense ex
perts, representatives of com
munities that will suffrr eco
nomically. Republican critics,
and service vrterans.
1