PAGK S-A
HERALD ANT) NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Friday, January 25, 196J
EPSON IN WA5H1N6TON ...
Khrushchev Talks Out
Both Sides Of Mouth
J Through the Perilous Jungle
Fly In The NATO Ointment
President Kennedy, taking his midterm
look at United States relations with the world,
says the Atlantic Alliance is one of "four
special avenues of opportunity."
But even before he declared in his State
of the Union message that the avjenue exists,
French President Charles de Gaulle was busy
erecting roadblocks.
De Gaulle's categorical rejection of the
President's earlier offer of United States Po
laris missiles as an assist to a multinational
nuclear force had stunning impact in admin
istration circles. It made Kennedy's words on
the NATO alliance the most important part
of his foreign policy review.
This year the United States expects to
spend more than $15 billion on nuclear weap
ons alone, a sum the President says equals
the combined total defense budgets of all our
European allies.
With this effort, with a heavy stockpile
of nuclear devices and varied systems of de
livery, we do not believe our friends abroad
need their own nuclear deterrent.
Yet, in recognition of the political reali
ties which flow from the fact that Britain and
France are in the "nuclear club," we have
offered many times to help them if they
wished to set up a multilateral deterrent un
der NATO auspices.
It was in this spirit that the December
Nassau agreement was forged with British
Prime Minister Macmillan. We offered Brit
ain Polaris weapons in place of the doubtful
bomber-delivered Skybolt.
It is believed that Macmillan's yielding of
a strictly national deterrent was aided by
growing British awareness of the immense
cost such an effort would involve.
Our NATO obligations seemed to make
THESE DAYS . .
Losing A
By JOHN CHAM11F.RL.MN
'. In an anti-trust suit tiled in
tile U.S. District Court in Chi
" cago, the Department of Justice
is calling upon General Motors to
divest itself of Its diesel loco
motive manufacturing business.
The government's charge Is that
CM lias been using its tremen
dous power as a shipper to pres
sure the railroads into taking its
diesels.
The charge against GM Is an
old one, and It has always been
disputed by the company's man
agement. While the Department of
Justice has yet to turn its cards
face up, many people who know
about GM's history as a locomo
tive manufacturer would be willing
to bet that the government's case
is flimsy. GM got Its immense
head start on other diescl loco
motive manufacturers for a sim
ple reason: it practically invent
ed the light-weight diescl. To
condemn the company now for
reaping the natural reward
that should go to any inventive pi
oneer seems ungracious, to say
the least. It is a little like tell
ing Thomas Edison that he had
no rights to a "monopoly" of the
electric light bulb.
GM got into the diesel locomo
tive business because of Uie play
time activity of Hie late Charles
Franklin Kettering, the famous
"Ross Kct" of a hundred good
anecdotes. Late in the 1920s,
when he was resting from the la
bors of exerimcnting with an
anti-knock gasoline. "Net" an
nounced that "alter a fellow gets
to a certain ace he does on of
two things. Either he huys a
yacht or he gets a new wile. I
think I'll buy a yacht."
The yacht led to tinkering with
lis diesel engine, which was
considered at the time to he use
fid for marine work but wholly in
efficient for pulling trains. Ket
was disgusted by the diesels
1 shortcomings even for marine
propulsion. In the first place, the .
diesel was much too heavy. Its
pistons and rings required con
stant servicing, and were always
wearing out. Worst of all. t h e
diesels fuel inject ion system was
a very uncertain quantity.
Everybody told Ket that it would
be Impossible to make a light
weight diesel, but he didn't be
lieve it. "The weight of the die
sel engine." he said, "is in some
body's head." To take his boat
on long summer cruises to Geor
gian Bay in the Great Lakes, and
to distant parts of the Caribbean
from Miami, Flu., in the win
ter, Ket was resolved to get a
good light marine diesel. He and
his GM laboratory assistants de
vised something mlled a "heat
dam'' for Insertion between the
piston head end tli rings. The
heat dam kept combustion heat
out of the rings, and permitted
the piston to work easily.
With more eflicient principles.
Uie diesel engine could be made
Natural Reward
less ponderous. And when Ralph
Budd, the President of the Chi
cago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad, saw two of Ket's new
diesels at the Chicago Century of
Progress Exposition in 1033, he
conceived the bright idea of ask
ing for a third diesel to put into
a small streamlined train with
which lie hoped to recoup some
of his railroad's vanishing pas
senger business.
All of the old-line locomotive
manufacturers scoffed as the
Burlington went on to commission
GM to make diesels for its west
going "Zephyrs." "The diesel."
said one maker of steam engines,
"does not like to be overloaded
and shows unmistakably its aver
sion by behavior of pistons, pis
ton rings, exhaust, etc.. while the
steam engine is not so lussy
It graciously responds to over
loading. The old iron horse lit
erally breathes lire and water. It
likes a challenge from young
sters like the electric and Diesel
electric, csjiccially in tile spring
of the year. It. ciioys a race,
Letters To
Rationale
I, probably like a good many
other Klamath County residents,
have been watching and leading
with increasing interest the cur
rent zoning issues. It occurred
to me the other night, while read
ing a letter to the editor written
by Mr. Chilcote. that I was one
of many who are in favor of an
equitable oiling program, h u t
have remained quiet, as too olten
we do in situations like this.
My family and I (eel extremely
fortunate to live in the Henley
District, a minimality presently
regarded as one of the most de
sirable living areas in Klamath
County. I believe the main rea
sons for this are, basically the
properly owners want stability In
their properly values, and are
achieving this by laking personal
pride in the appoaranio of their
propel ty, and ol their community.
There are. however, a lew signs
here and there that show we are
not Immune to an occasional
neighborhood blight
It seems to nie that the argu
ment most frequently raised
against toning is that it is another
infringement on our personal
rights. We could even say,
though, that highway stop signs,
speed zones, ami all trallic regula
tions infringe on our personal
freedom. Where would we lie
without them1 These bus are
to protect our personal satety.
In sense joning protects the
safely of our properly.
By all means, we are in danger
of a creeping socialistic govern
ment, and should he keenly aw air
inevitable the extension of a similar Polaris
offer to the French. We expected no ready
agreement from an affluent France, led by a
De Gaulle freshly bulwarked by a major elec
tion victory, but we were moderately hopeful.
, Kennedy's words to Congress and the na
tion indicate that:
"I believe that, for the first time, the
door is open for the nuclear defense of the
Alliance to become a source of confidence, in
stead of a cause of contention."
Yet even as he spoke them, United States
foreign policy officials were sadly digesting
De Gaulle's flat rejection of the multilateral
idea.
The French president said further in
Paris that the United States deterrent "docs
not necessarily meet all the eventualities
which might confront Europe."
Such comments puzzle United States ex
perts. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
has said publicly he cannot imagine any in
dependent French or British use of nuclear
force which would not quickly escalate into
all-out nuclear combat drawing mainly on
our strength.
Such separate use, he suggests, would
contribute little to free nations' security and
would invite special, devastating retaliation
from the Soviet Union.
De Gaulle appears ifnmoved by this argu
ment. Moreover, he continues to ignore the
United Stales call for stronger conventional
forces a call just now repeated by the Presi
dent. Indeed, Kennedy's bid for an "increasing
ly intimate NATO Alliance," downplaying
"honest differences among honorable asso
ciates," seems already to have foundered se
riously on the great and growing nationalism
of the stubborn De Gaulle.
is young ior its years, simply will
not be its age."
Thus committed to the ancient
Iron horse, the traditional loco
motive makers dawdled while GM
was taking away 50 per cent of
their market. The' diesel, applied
to railroading, came at a time
when 53 of the nation's railroads
were in receivership. It cut the
cost of railroading dramatically,
and permitted many a tottering
road to get back on its feet.
Naturally, with a big head start
deriving from Charles Kettering's
decision to get a yacht instead of
a new wife. GM lias continued to
lie the big power in diesel locomo
tive manufacturing. If it has been
using its market power as a ship
jkt to coerce railroads into buy
ing its diesel engines, a "cease
and desist" order would seem to
he the government's appropriate
medicine. But to requite GM to
get rid of a business which it
alone had the intelligence and the
gumption to create seems as heavy-handed
us the old marine die
' scl seemed to "Boss Ket."
The Editor
of Us dangers. I alo say. let's use
wisdom, and not be irrational in
determining whether this issue, is
right or wrong.
I personally ieel that roiling,
properly planned and applied is
a great asset to any community.
I sincerely hope that the voters
of Klamath County will have a
chance to express their leelings on
a ballot tins coming election
Duane Blackmail
Alma
nac
l mini Press Intrrnation.il
Today is Krulay. .Ian. 2,", the
2,'tth day of lint! with :nu to fol
low. The moon is new.
The morning stars are. Venus
and Mars.
The evening stars are Mars.
Jupiter and Saturn
Those horn on this day include
the .Scottish poet, Robert Burns,
in I7;.:i
On this day in history:
In 17.ST, a evolutional y Arinv
captain. Daniel Shay, led ; i"oo
debt-ridden men against the fed
eral arsenal m Spnnglicld. Mass
hoping to overthrow the govern
ment. In ISM. Gen. Joseph Hooker
succeeded Cell. Ambrose Bui n
side as commander of the North
ern Aimy of the Potomac
In IffiiO. the I nurd Mine Work
ers were formed and affiliated
with the American Federation of
La Ivor.
In hit). Alexander Gi.ih.im Bell
opened tile fust iros.-counti v tel
ephone set vit e.
IN WASHINGTON .
Wh Secorid-Class Congress?
By RALPH de TOLEDANO .
It is a fair guess that the po
litical battles of the Sflth Cong
ress will be less over specific
issues Ulan over the role of Cong
ress in the federal government.
I'ndcr the Constitution, t h e
three branches of government
arc co-equal. But it is the position
of the executive branch, under
President Kennedy, that Congress
must serve only to implement
programs handed down by the
White House. When it fails to do
so, the charge is made that Cong
ress is being "undemocratic."
But the House of Representa
tives, which is most directly rc
sj)onsiblc to the people and must
sock re-election every two years,
has been the most reluctant to
surrender its rights and its inde
pendent judgments to appointed
flicials of the President. And it
V
A PERSONAL
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
I have developed a theory about
the cigarct smokers who are able
In qu.l and those who do not
seem able to kick the habit, even
though they would like to.
II a statistical study were made
of the successful swearer-oilers,
I believe it would show that these
were the persons who began
smoking relatively late in life
lor social reasons of one sort or
another.
The real addicts those who
know lliey should quit but cannot
bring themselves to would turn
out to lie. I am convinced, those
who began smoking at a com
paralively early age (or rea
sons of detiance or rebellion
og.iuist their parents.
We know lh.it cig.uet smoking
is not a physiological addiction, in
tlie way that dope is; cigarets do
not set up in the body an ir
resistible craving lor tobacco. The
addiction to cigarets is almost
wholly psychological: the uncon
scious mind is gripped by this
source of cialilication.
The tvv ol smoker who began
at a relatively early age. as a
gesture of inilex'iidcnce toward
his parents, uuinot bring himself
to quit because quitting would
leprcsrnt a return to the depend
ency of his youth, would in
sonic way sytuholie a re
treat to the earlier patterns of
clnldho.vd
This all may sound very (.nicy
and far-fetched, but how else ac
lount lor the pschoiogu,il addic
tion of cigarets'' If some can quit,
and ollicrs cannot, their must he
an unconsi ions restiaint blocking
the free will ol those who would
like to kick the h.ihit hut dnd it
impossible to do.
Smoking begins in many young
people as a badge of .t.liillhood.
as O-uir Wiioe s.ml of wai,
so long as it is considered wicked
it will be alti.nlive; wlien it is
considered niriely vulgar it will
lose its appeal. .Since smoking is
considered ior was considered'
slightly wicked for children by
most parents, it was invested with
great attractiveness toi them.
II the child s toiilhit with his
flu rwtr V T 'H
is being argued by oppositionist
senators like Barry Goldvvater that
the present administration does
not really believe in respond
ing to the public will but in im
posing its own views on Congress
and the people alike.
"There aie evidences," Mr.
Goldvvater says, "that some sup
porters of the administration do
not hold at all with majority rep
resentation . when a majority
might interfere with a policy."
Now that he is turning his ener
gies almost exclusively to legis
lative duties. Mr. Goldvvater will
undoubtedly make much of this
point. In a significant speech he
fore the Air Force College, he
has cited a few examples of ad
ministration thought and action in
this area.
"The now-famous memorandum
on anti-Communist educational ef-
STRICTLY
parents either on the conscious
or the unconscious level was
deep and long standing, then the
act of smoking came to represent
a rebellion against dependency
and a continuing reassurance that
the smoker is a person in his
own right.
I am as sure as I can be w ithout
any statistical prool that young
people whose relation with their
parents are sound and healthy ei
ther have no desire to smoke, or if
they do smoke, arc quite ration
ally able to quit when confronted
, with the medical evidence that
it is harmful to them. Those who
persist in smoking in the (ace
of such evidence are re-cnacling
daily t he adolescent act of
detiance. and arc in bondage
not so much to the nicotine as to
the unresolved conflicts in their
early family life.
POTOMAC
FEVER
Gist of JFK's budget message:
"A funny tiling happened on our
way to the bank . . . ."
Dlagnisis ef the split in the
Communist bloc: Khrushchev
still means to bury us, hut
there'll he a slight pause while
he shoots a couple of the pall
bearers. New Frontier ode to the budget:
Marly to bed and early to rise
makes a man healthy deficit
wne 1: mi can keep your head while
all about you are losing theirs,
perhaps ou neglected to shake
it recently.
4 Hhy l De Gaulle sorr at
the nited Males? A It's rti
inorrd he got a phone rail (rem
Krnnedv which began. "Char
lie?" Kennedy biters a budge! $;o
billion in the red The idea is to
gel this countiy moving again
one step ahead of the sheriff.
Fi.LTCHUI! KNKBHI.
(oris issued by Senator Fulbright
contained the frank statement
that there could be too much in
volvement with policy," Senator
Goldvvater said. "It cited foreign
aid, saying that if the program
were submitted to direct ballot by
all the people, it would probably
fail."
Deploring the lack of fair rep
resentation, he noted that the
Democrats in Congress had shut
off knowledgeable debate by de
priving the Republicans of their
share of staff membrs on the all
important committees. "On com
mittee after committee." he point
ed out, the GOP members have
"not been able to appoint any
staff members at all." This means
that the work of these commit
tees, and the information put be
fore them, is dominaicd by one
point of view. They therefore
cease to lie forums for the "views
of all the people."
Another aspect of present ex
ecutive policies which bother
both Democrats and Republicans
is the creation by the administra
tion of a "shadow Defense Depart
ment," responsible neither to the
Congress for conlirmation nor to
the people. Congress is charged
by the Constitution with appropri
ating funds for federal use. Yet
this "shadow department" consis
tently ignores the w ill of Congress
in its defense expenditures.
Several instances come to mind.
For years. exvert members of
the Senate and House commit
tees which pass on military budg
ets have insisted that the national
security is endangered by the
administration's policy of "phas
ing out" ior eliminating) the
manned bomber. Congress has
voted money for the RS-TO. a
supersonic bomber which non-administration
authorities believe is
vital to our defense. The admin
istration, however, thinks other
wise and has acted on the advice
of a group of "whi. kids" with
no military experience and IBM
machines (or minds.
The Skybolt missile was written
oil though it is a major wea
pon in the Air Force arsenal. "As
far as I have been able to ascer
tain." Senator Goldvvater asserts,
"not one member of the Senate
Armed Services Committee was
apprised of the decision to scrap
Sky-bolt."
In the same vein, he notes that
"the present disarmament propos
al offered at Geneva by the Unit
ed States, which contains in
my opinion the mechanics of
unilateral disarmament, was not
discussed with the foreign pol
icy committee of either house."
Capping these examples, of
course, is the handling by the
administration of the Kerr-Mills
Act (or medical aid to the aging
This measure was passed over
whelmingly bv the Congress, hut
it is bring sabotaged in the hone
that the Medicare bill, which is fa
vored by the White House, will he
enacted in its plave.
These are but a few samples of
the present attitude that Congress
is at best a necessary evil. The
prevailing sentiment in the execu
tive branch is that Poppa knows
best. The mechanisms of repre
sentative government, therefore,
aie being ignored except when the
President wants vntcs ior a whop
ping new S'tl bullion budget. Will
Congress revolt agau-n tt.s .sec
ond (lass status' That s what
II fighting will be about in the
months to conic
By PETER EDSOV
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON NEA - The
Communists are having their trou
bles between left-wing liberals and
right-wing reactionaries', too.
One of the great internal splits
in the international Communist
movement has been revealed in
Chairman Nikita Khrushchev's
Dec. 12 speech to the Supremo
Soviet in Moscow. It is how far
to go in accepting new interpreta
tions of Marxist-Leninist theory
how to beat down the evils of
"dogmatism" without surrender
ing to the heresy of "revisionism."
This is a no man's land of Com
munist gobbledygook in which the
average citizen of a democratic
country easily gets lost.
But this current argument over
Communist theory and practice
seems to be at the root of the
difference between Russia and
Red China, between Red China and
the Italian and Yugoslav Commu
nists, between Yugoslavia and Al
bania and finally between Albania
and Russia, to complete the daisy
chain.
All Communist theoreticians
start from the writings of Karl
Marx and Nikolai Lenin. They
wrote so much, however that they
are now being quoted by both
sides in the current dispute over
left-wing modern revisionism vs.
right-wing Stalinist dogmatism.
This is best illustrated in Khru
shchev's last major speech. It is
now being studied closely by the
State Department. It reveals such
tortured logic as this:
India Is commended by Khru
shchev for having liberated the
former Portuguese colonies of Goa,
Diu and Daman, in line with ortho
dox Marxist-Leninist doctrine on
anticolonialism.
But Communist China is praised
by Khrushchev because it has not
liberated the Portuguese colony
of Macao and the British colony
of Hong Kong, on the China main
land coast near Canton.
"Is this a departure from Marx
ism Leninism? asks Khrush
chev. "Nothing of the sort," he
answers. "This occurs not lie
cause the Chinese have a less
acute attitude toward colonialism
than the Indians . . . ibuti that
they appear to be prompted by
their own understandings and are
exercising patience."
Having put the Chinese Commu
nists on this spot, Khrushchev then
uses this argument to defend his
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Left-Winger Named
To Sensitive Post
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
It was April, 1961, seven days
alter Cuban patriots had met de
feat at the Bay of Pigs.
A Connecticut Congressman
stood alone on the House floor,
his voice in the wilderness. The
Honorable Frank Kovvalski plead
ed that "we give Fidel Castro
one more opportunity to demon
strafe to the world that he is not
a tool of Soviet subversion."
He asked resumption nf "nor
mal trade and commercial rela
tions" between this country and
Cuba, then suggested foreign aid
(or Premier Castro's little island.
Two weeks later, on May II,
Kovvalski deliantly nioird "no"
as the House voted 404-2 in favor
of economic sanctions against
Cuba.
Last Wednesday, the White
House announced that Frank Ko
vvalski had been named to a $2t).-tHKi-a-ycar
membership on the
Subversive Activities Control
Board.
It was late in 1W1, that Kovval
ski. twice elected Congressman-at-large.
served notice on party
leaders that he sought the Senate
scat of Republican Prcseotl
Rush, up for re-election in 12.
So. however, did Abraham Rihi
coff. the former governor ap
pointed Secretary of Health. Edu
cation and Welfare by the Presi
dent Kovvalski campaigned (or the
nomination as Connecticut's peace
candidate His campaign work
ers were members of Women
Strike (or Peace and the Com
mittee (or a Sane Nuclear Policy.
His dogged campaign won wide
publicity in the far-left press.
In his corner, too. were repre
sentatives of Jimmy Holfa's Team
sters I nion. They say m Kovval
ski who as a Congiessman op.
posed the Landrum Griffin Act
a staunch detender of Holla
Despite Ihe energetic work o(
ban-the-homh bulls and labor
iles. Kovvalski was snowed under
at the Democratic State Conven
tion last July, (ailing to win the
."1 per cent needed to get his
name on i;-.e primary ballot
Cognizant of his ' vote-getting
abilities, state Dfm.Kralir Chair
man John Bailey begged Kowal
ski to tun again for Con.ressman
ntiaige He lelused.
kowaiski annoiitned. instead,
he was seriously considering
own withdrawal of missiles, war
planes and technicians from Cuba.
"What would have happened,"
he asks, "if during the Cuban
events, we had not shown the
necessary restraint and had
listened to the promotings of ultra
revolutionary loudmouths? Wa
would have been sunk in the mor
ass of a new, thermonuclear world
war. . . .
"The point is," Khrushchev ar
gues, "that ... a dogmatic ap
proach, without sober considera
tion of Uie real situation, is harm
ful. . . . Marxist - Leninists must
remember that there is no ab
stract truth. Truth is always con
crete." Khrushchev uses the same line
nf argument in praising the Chi
nese Communists for having de
clared a cease-fire on the Indian
border, a war which he viewls
"with particular sorrow."
Khrushchev makes another bid
for tolerance toward Yugoslavia
and other Communist countries
accused of deviation from Marx
, ism - Leninism a charge Red
China makes against Russia.
"Different interpretations of con
crete questions of socialist con
struction . . . are not excluded."
Khrushchev says. "It would be
an error to condemn as rene
gades all those who do not fit a
certain model. ... We must do
everything to get rid of differ
ences if they arise between the
Communists o( various countries."
After all this jargon of Marxist
Leninist liberalism, Khrushchev at
the end of his speech applies the
brakes in an apparent recogni
tion that he can't let revisionism
get out of hand.
"It is known that the state
ments of representatives of the
Communist and workers parties
of I960 noted that the main danger
in the world Communist move
ment is revisionism." he said.
"It cannot be denied that left
wing opportunism, dogmatism and
sectarianism are increasingly
emerging as a serious danger
movement. . . .
"The Soviet Communists, who
hold the unity of the ranks of the
world Communist movement
above everything else, will wage
a decisive struggle against both
Ihe right-wing and left-wing oppor
tunism which is now no less dan
gerous than revisionism."
This seems to classily Khrush
chev as a "middle-of-the-road
Communist," whatever that might
be.
a race for the Senate as an in
dependent. The Teamsters, the
peace leaders, all urged him to
oppose Ribicoff in November.
After long negotiations with
Chairman Bailey and White
House emissaries, however,
Kovvalski decided not to run. and
Ihe greatest roadblock to Ribi
cofl's victory had been removed.
Rumors flew fast and furiously
that Kovvalski had been promised
a top federal job. They are now
shown to he more than mere ru
mors Ior Kovvalski takes his seat
on the super sensitive SACB,
which maps action against the
Communist Party and its myriad
(rout organizations.
As a Congressman, Kovvalski
accounted for no ma jor legislation.
One of his hills. IIH 5398, to give
George Washington a posthumous
commission as general nf the
Army, died a timely death in
committee. Another iR 814,11 to
permit the use of certain con
struction tools on Capitol grounds
never reached the floor.
Kovvalski was known as a foe of
measures designed to combat the
Communist conspiracy. He voted
against one bill iHR .1' to re
verse a Supreme Court decision
that struck down all. stale sedi
tion laws.
In June. I'm. Ihe House In
American Activities Committee
recommended passage of a hill to
comhat "the ever - increasing
flood of Communist propagan
da" sent by Uie Kremlin into this
country Kovvalski was one of
three Congressmen 'out o( .lOBi
"ho opposed the bill.
Because the hill did- not reach
Ihe Senate lor a vote during that
Congiess. Committee Chairman
Francis Walter introduced the
measure again, in Kovvalski
again fought its passage.
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