TAGE
HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls. Ore.
T""J,y'J"1"yi!JM EDSON IN WASHINGTON
Good, Hard Work
; The personal stock-taking that is sup
posed to accompany the average American's
plunge into a new year might well include the
question:
. ' Is the individual's capacity or willing
nessto do hard work, even to endure hard
ship if necessary in performance of duty, di
minishing in this country?
.f: As to the matter of capacity to endure
Hardship, Albert Biderman of the Bureau of
Social Science Research, Washington, says the
evidence indicates the ordinary American has
plenty of it.
In a paper given before the American
Association for the Advancement of Science
at a Philadelphia meeting, Biderman said
United Slates prisoners' behavior in the Ko
rean war offers proof.
Despite highly publicized instances of
American captives succumbing to suffering
and to the pressures of their captors, most
United States soldiers, said Biderman, showed
a great ability to take it. The wonder may be
that so many survived.
Any one of us can perhaps find ample
evidence, too, that hard work has not exactly
gone out of fashion in the United States.
Dedicated workers abound in our space
and defense efforts, in many less spectacular
channels of government; in professions like
the law and journalism and medicine, in in
dustry, on the farms. The 18-hour day is still
a reality in many places.
Yet there are in our life today many,
many manifestations of a vastly different atti
tude toward work and hardship.
As scientific progress has steadily freed
us from the back-breaking physical labors
once necessary for the barest existence, more
and more of us seem to have seized upon this
liberation as a kind of permanent pass through
life.
Thus some Americans have moved from
the excessive ease granted by parental indul
gence to snap courses in school, to soft jobs
stressing security but not challenge and re
sponsibility. Crime has many causes some of them
different in different periods of history. Yet
one enduring cause is the desire of some to
gain the fruits of labor without working. With
our great material abundance providing more
"fruits" than ever, this particular soft ap
proach appeals to increasing numbers.
What many of the nonworkcrs seem to
want is not only the material benefit but the
status that, in this country, goes with having
things.
The new commissioner of United States
education, Francis Keppel, aimed a shaft at
such people when a newsman asked him
whether teachers in America deserved a high
er status. He replied:
"I hold to the old-fashioned view that
status should be earned."
Such a comment ought to touch a deli
cate nerve among Americans who think it can
be bought, or stolen, or faked, or achieved by
a variety of other shortcuts.
Generally speaking, we Americans no
longer need to labor in the salt mines to gain
the necessities. But we will be on the downhill
road if really large numbers of us should ever
conclude that status need not be earned, that
men can live well without goals of achieve
ment which require hard, testing, challenging
work.
Don't Be A Carrier
(Tha Lot Angelas Times)
Last week, in the southern area of the
city, a 2-year-old baby came down with polio,
and is still desperately ill.
i Anyone who reads this possibly could
be to blame. Because any of us could have
given polio to that baby.
Polio can be eradicated completely. Med
ical science today has the know-how to elim
inate it.
It only requires that people individually
co-operate in the Sabin oral vaccine immuni
zation program. If a majority of the people
in Los Angeles County obtain the Sabin polio
dosages, polio will not recur here in our gen
cnition. X There are more than 500 clinics open
today in Los Angeles County to give Type II
polio vaccine to all applicants. From 11 a.m.
to 6 p.m., the Los Angeles County Medical
Assn. is making Sabin oral vaccine available
all over the county.
: There is a clinic within five minutes'
drive of every family in the county. 11 won't
take five minutes to register and receive the
vaccine. And it's five minutes back home.
Surely any family can take 15 minutes
to make sure that no one in the family group
will ever be horribly crippled by polio.
Even more important, the Sabin vaccine
makes certain that anyone who takes it is not
a "carrier" of polio. Many people arc, without
knowing it.
Sabin vaccine is given by mouth, on
a cube of sugar or in a sip of syrup. No needle
is used. The dosage is free, although a 25-cent
donation is accepted to help cover costs of the
serum.
Reflect on this: that 2-ycar-old baby
who came down with polio last week probably
got it from a carrier. It could have been any
body who did not take his Sabin vaccine. Any
one who neglected this precaution could
have been responsible.
Isn't that reason enough for taking 15
minutes to go to the nearest clinic today for
a free, painless immunization against polio?
THESE DAYS . . .
Everybody A Winner Here
By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN
Once there were three of them.
Tlieir names were Joseph Sranlnn.
Clinton G"ldcn and Harold Rut
tenborg, and tliey formed a yeasty
and somewhat dissident element
in tlie high counsels of the I'mled
Steel Workers of America. Around
Pittsburgh they were known as
the productivity hoys, the ones
who wanted the members of the
steel union to cooperate w ith em
I lovers in working out amicable
rosl-outting programs as the basis
for earning higher hourly wages.
For years the Three Musketeers
ot Productivity preached their goj.
pel of "cflicieney haring." For
yean tliey tried to mitigate Uie
harslwess of class war feeling
when the union was squaring off
to make its demand on manage
ment. They wanted labor to help
mnke steel companies so profit
;iIHe that Uiere would be money to
sli) e between workers and stock
Mdcrs without raising Hie ton
!r,'c price of stce) to the con
sumer. Wlien lie was still abvc. Presi
dent Philip Murray of the Tinted
Fieri Workers kept the Three Mus
keteers of Productivity on edge
with a promise. "Some day," so
he cryptically told Seanlon. But
Pin! Murray died, and meanwhile
the steel union went right on ask
ing (or increased, wages and high
er fnngc benefits without regard
nlher to hourly ellieiency or the
inflationary impact of its demands
on Hie price of steel.
True enough, Joe Seanlon had
some minor successes; he worked
out a few cost-cutting programs
with s"me small Heel fabricators,
notably jn Ohio. One company,
tie Adanison Tank Company, put
in a plan Uwl enables) Ms employ
es, ail members of Uie steel
union, to get their share of the
profits arising from an employer
worker efficiency drive. But the
high command in tlie steel union
remained privately contemptuous
of Scanlon's evangelism. Tired of
batting his head against a stone
wall. Joe Seanlon resigned from
the union and bclook himself from
Pittsburgh to Cambridge. Mass.,
where lie joined tlie faculty of the
Massachusetts Institute of Tech
nology and gave a course in labor
management relations.
The other Musketeers also felt
tlie hopelessness of their position.
Clml Golden retired to write
books: Harold Ruttenberg. after
a sojourn in Washington with Uie
War Production Board, became a
steel nvasler lor Cyrus Eaton in
Portsmouth, Ohio.
Well, the years rolled on, and
tiolden and Seanlon both died. The
one remaining Musketeer. Harold
Hutlenberg. prove! to be a whiz
in business He made himself
enough money as a steel master
to buy a company which mode
well-drilling equipment for sale all
over Uie wwld. But Uie itch to
got back into the business of work,
mg out labor-management effi
ciency programs for the sleel in
dustry was loo strong for Harold
nutlenheig. He sold ins well-drilling
equipment lompany and put
Hie money into supermarkets, to
prov ide a source of im ome (or Ins
large family.
Then lie formed something
called Hum. million. Incorporated,
and set out to advise employers on
working out volunt.uy programs
with workers to Hie end ol achiev
ing "a common objective o( in
creasing productivity "
David McDonakl, Uie man who
had succeeded Philip Murray as
president ol the L'niled Steelwork
ers of America, was not entirely
pleased when he learned about
Kuttenbci g's new activity. Around
Pittsburgh he has been quoted
as saving that Hiitlenherg was li v
ing to humiliate him. and that Rut
teuoerg's new advisory company
should lie called, not Ilumanation.
Inc.. but "Humiliation, Inc." But
in the Pittsburgh area sleel fab
ricating companies, unable to pay
high union wages, kept going out
of business. And membership in
the Dnited Steelworkers of Amer
ica kept shrinking. The facts of
Ide were going against David Mc
Donald. It was not long before McDon
ald, swallowing his pride, was con
descending to ask Ruttenberg to
help save some companies -that
employed members of the sleel
union. Real cooperation, however,
has been hard to achieve in Hie
Pittsburgh region: Hie shadow o(
distrust between the steelworkers
and management has gone too
deep But just the other day the
Pittsburgh area was electrified to
hear that Tinted Stcebvorker em
ployes of the Kaiser Mccl Cor
poration on the distant Pacilic
coast had voted to adopt a labor
contract calling for workers to
receive a share of production cost
savings. This, a non-inllatioiviry
agreement, is tlie lu st of its kind
in a basic steel company.
What this signifies is that tlie
old ideas o( Hie Three Musketeers
ol Productivity have a( last tak
en rool, Joe Seanlon and Clint
l,olden didn't live to see it But
H.tivld Rultontvig is aiive to sa
vor a victor) Hi.it should hiun.li
ate no one In Hns instance lalr.
ni.in.iixmcnt and tlie consumer ail
stand to w 111.
Here's How Proposed Tax Cut Shapes Up
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON INEAl - Presi
dent Kennedy's belief that tax
tuts now will mean "tens of bil
lions of dollars more each year
in production, profits, wages and
public revenues," is based on
what happened after the last big
lax reduction in 1U54.
That was a $7.4 billion cut. Five
billion dollars of it came from ex
piration of Korean War taxes. It
repealed excess profits and some
excise taxes. It introduced a 10
per cent cut in individual income
taxes right across the board. It
also adjusted depreciation sched
ules and introduced dividend cred
its benefiting business $24 bil
lion a year. With individual in
come tax receipts reported at f'M
billion for fiscal 1953, the 10 per
cent tax cut was $3 billion.
Total tax receipts o( $64.7 billion
in fiscal 1033 dropped a little to
$64.4 in 1054, the year the cut was
made. This was followed by a
sharp drop to $60.2 billion in
1935. but Uiat was caused by the
post-Korean War recession from
July 1953 to May 1954.
There was a rapid build-up af
ter that. Gross national product
of $365 billion in 1953 dropped $2
billion in the 1954 recession, but
rose to $397 billion in 1955 and
$419 billion in 1956 a 15 per cent
rise for tlie two years. Tax re
ceipts for 1956 rose to $67.9 bil
lion. Corporate profits, which were
$38 billion in 1953 and dropped
to $34 billion during the 1954 re
cession, rose by nearly $11 billion
to $44.9 billion in 1955.
The unemployment rate, 5.6 per
cent, or 3.6 million out of a labor
force of 54.5 million in 1954,
dropped to a rate of 4.2 per
cent, or 3 8 million out of a la
bor force of 67.5 million in 1956.
The only two postwar years that
the United Stales has had rela
tively full employment were 1935
and 1956.
Whether the 1954 tax cut can
be given credit for all of this is
questionable, (or the good effects
didn't last. There was a further
recession in 1953-59 and a further
setback, or at least slow growth,
beginning in I960 and continuing
even now.
The Kennedy administration
bases its present case on the the
ory that a tax cut now is what's
needed to boost the economy. A
tax cut is expected to have a
much greater impact now than
in 1954, because of economic
growth in the last 10 years.
Gross national product of $554
billion for 1962 is 60 per cent
higher than in 1953. Personal
income tax payments of $45.7 bil
lion in 1962 are 50 per cent high
er than in 1953.
So the equivalent of- a 10 per
cent tax cut now would mean that
HOW A TAX CUT
WOULD AFFECT YOUre
Single Person
Present Proposed Dollar Percentage
Income Tax Tax Reduction Reduction
$ 3,000 $ 422 $ 318 $ 104 24.6
5,000 818 642 176 21.5
7,500 1,405 7,116 289 20.6
10,000 2,096 1,668 428 20.4
20,000 6,412 5,088 1,324 20.6
Joint Return With No Dependents
$ 3,000 $ 300. $ 210 $ 90 30.0
5,000 660 488 172 26.1
7,500 1,141 879 262 23.0
10,000 1,636 7,284 352 21.5
20,000 4,532 3,606 926 20.4
Joint Return With Two Dependents
$ 3,000 $ 60 $ 42 $ 18 30.0
5,000 420 296 124 29.5
7,500 877 663 214 24.4
10,000 172 7,068 304 22.2
20,000 4,124 3,282 842 20.4
Treasury Department table, above, gives Income In all eases as annual Income
before exemptions -and deductions. All cases presume a standard deduction.
$4 5 to $5 billion more would ba
made available for consumer
spending during the first year the
cut is in full effect.
There is, of course, a delayed
reaction to any shot in the arm
the economy receives from a tax
cut. Tax experts figure mat 93 per
cent of consumer income after
taxes is spent, 7 per cent going
into savings. But experience shows
that even where there is a sharp
rise in purchasing power, there's
always a lag in actual spending.
The length of the lag cannot be
predicted.
It may take half a year or more
after the tax cut is in effect be
fore spending habits change meas
urably. This makes it difficult to
predict when there will be busi
ness expansion to take care of
the expected increase in demand.
Businesses that figure they will
get a certain per cent of the in
creased spending power generat
ed by a tax cut may start to build
up inventories fairly soon, but ex
panding plant capacity to meet
the demand is even trickier for
businessmen to figure.
An industry now operating at 80
per cent of capacity won't ex
pand immediately. If now operat
ing at high rate, an industry
might expand plant capacity
more rapidly.
President Kennedy's plan for
making the tax cuts apply grad
ually over a three-year period
is intended to limit the impact
on the federal budget. If a first
year $6 billion tax reduction out
of a total $10 billion planned tax
cut is approved by Congress, that
will be to stimulate business.
The increased tax receipts from
this new business are then expect
ed "to pay for" the remaining
$4 billion in tax cuts, without in
creasing budget deficits after the
first year.
IN WASHINGTON
5? War Aqainst Congress
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
By RALPH de T01.EDANO
To hear Hie talk on the New
Frontier, Congress is the town
drunk, bully, and gimfighter all
rolled into one. Every policy goof
since January. 1961 is blamed on
the men and women who inhabit
the offices on Capitol Hill. The
failure of unemployment to re
spond to the "cures" concocted
by tlie White House economic pill
rollers? Congress is at fault, lic
fusal of the voters to buy a medi
care program which can wreck
Social Security? You guessed it.
Congress again.
But it isn't just the legislators
who arc to blame. The Wash
ington press has suddenly fallen
prey to a rash of "interpretive"
stories which state openly and
flatly that Congress is an "anti
quated" institution, a creaking rel
ic of the prejudices and limitations
of the Founding Fathers. Why?
Because it doesn't give the Ad
ministration everything it wants.
Because it insists on examining
and debating the President's pro
posals. Because it occasionally
takes seriously its Constitutional
duty lo hold the purscstrings.
Legislators who have server!
with distinction for many years
i who have forgotten more about
the politics and the economics of
the I'nited States than the "young
group" in Hie Executive have yet
In learn i arc being described as
doddering idiots who should cash
in their legislative chips and al
low those of tltcir Juniors who
have the right kind ol vignr to
take over the nation's governance
Consider the case of Senator
Richard Russell. As chairman of
the Senate Armed Services Com
mittee, lie can boast though he
never does of a greater and more
detailed knowledge of America's
military and defense problems
than any other civilian today. He
is highly respected by the Joint
thiols of Stalf and by career De
fense Establishment officials. But
he disagrees with Dciense Sec
retary Jiobert McNamara, "Big
Bob" to the Pentagon people now
trying to give bun a jovial image.
The Administration would like
to push the Richard Russells, the
Harry F. Byrds. and the other
men who have made a career of
the Senate out of their positions
ol inllucncc. Therefore. Hie big
campaign - directed from 1WX)
Pennsylvania Avenue and from the
Attorney General's oflice is to
scrap a seniority system which has
prevented the hot-heads from de
stroying the complex Congression
al engine by stepping on the gas
at every crossroads.
If the seniority system were
abolished, it would be done in
the name of "democracy." This
is the argument being advanced
by those who favor tearing up
the Constitutional provision which
gives the states the sole right to
determine qualifications for vot
ing The New Frontier wants to
abolish, by Federal statute, state
laws that require literacy tests
for voters.
Hep. F.manucl Cellcr il).. X V
will introduce a bill under which
anyone w ho bus completed six
grades of school would be con
sidered literate for voting in Fed
eral elections. His bill would need
only a majority vote for passage,
in contrast to the constitutional
amendment for such purposes
offered last year.
It is argued that the literacy
test is used to prevent Negroes
from voting in the South. But
there are already Federal powers
to compel a state to apply its
electoral laws without regard to
race. -Abolition of literacy laws,
however, will give us a Congress
far more subject to the kind of
pressures which the President can
always inspire among the unin
formed. The call for "democracy" has
a slightly hypocritical ring coming
from an Administration which be
lieves in "managed" news. The
give - away comes from James
MacGregor Burns, who can claim
(o lie the almost-official historian
of the Kennedy Administration. In
his new book, "The Deadlock of
Democracy." Professor Burns lets
the cat out of the bag:
"The cure for democracy, people
used to say, is more democracy. A
half-century of hard experience
has shown this cliche to be a dan
gerous half-truth. The cure for
democracy is leadership respon
sible, committed, effective, and
exuberant leadership." The kind
ot leadership, perhaps, which
doesn't need those stubborn and
stupid men on Capitol Hill or
which know what's best for you
and me, and will give it to us
whether we want it or nnf
i 1 I l rh
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
We divide the world along the
grain of our infirmities. What
ever it is that we feel we most
lack, or need, becomes Hie boun
dary line between L's Here and
Those Out There.
Illness chronic or disabling
illness is the most striking ex
ample of this division. To some
one who is really ill, seriously
and for a considerable time, all
other loyalties and animosities
are submerged beneath the sense
of separateness between the Sick
World and the Well World.
To the poor perhaps not so
much in America, where econom
ic mobility is possible, but in
most other countries Hie social
order is irrevocably divided into
Hie Haves and Have-Nots. The
lack of funds, the lack of food,
makes every other division seem
artificial and meaningless. This,
of course, is the great fulcrum by
which communism has moved
half the world.
And to the Black, especially to
day, color is the absolute line of
demarcation. The world is a color
world, sharply and simply: all
other distinctions are at bottom
temporary, superficial and in the
end meaningless.
Thus, whether our basic infirm
ity or incapacity, is physical, eco
nomic or social, it is this cleav
age that determines our view of
ourselves and of mankind and
that eventually perverts any real
idea of "brotherhood." which is
more of a slogan than a feeling.
Our brothers, in point ol act. are
only those w ho share our lacks,
who feel our needs, who stand
under tlie same threat.
When is a nation most
"united"? When under attack.
The American Revolution united
the colonists as peace never
could; the Civil War solidified the
peoples of the North and South:
Naziism gave Hie British people
a sense of solidarity and unani
mity not seen since then.
It is one of the profound para-,'
doxes of human nature that sep-'
arateness creates unity; it is
Ihe Other that makes us One.
And this concept of oneness
comes only in times of crisis,
through hate, enmity, depriva
tion, discrimination, conflict and
fear.
Such negative feelings are
what engender our positive vir
tuesour loyalty, our heroism,
our unselfishness, our willingness
to subordinate Hie individual inter
est for the common good. There
are few heroes of peace, there
are few martyrs of love. Perse
cution held the Jewish people to
gether (or 5.000 years; accep
tance might dissolve them in a
goneraUon. It is Those Out There
who keep L's Here identifiable
and ready to fight for our rights,
or our wrongs, or simply our survival.
THEY
SAY...
Al
manac
By t nited Prrss intrrnalinnal
Today is Tuesday. Jan. 22. the
End day of 19R3 with 343 to fol
low. The moon is approaching its
new pha.-e.
The morning stars are Venus
and Mars.
The evening stars are Mars.
Jupiter and Saturn.
Those born on this day include
the English romantic poet. Lord
3ron in 1788.
On this day in history:
In ITS!), the first American nov
el was published in Boston, writ
ten by Sarah Morton and called
"The Power of Sympathy."
In 1POI, Queen Victoria of Ens
land died, ending the lonscst
reign of any sovereign over a
civilized nation.
In 1017. President Woodrow W il
son seeking a quick end to
World War I asked for " peace
without victory."
In 1!2. President llerbtt
Hoover enacted into law a meas
ure establishing the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation.
A thought f"r the day The late
President woodrow Wilson once
s.i.d: "Thcie is such a thir.c as
a man being too proud to fight."
The best antidote for nervous !
tension and intellectual intemper-'
ancc is physical fatigue.
Heart specialist Dr. Paul Dud- '
ley White.
So long as Communist policy
is double-faced our response must
he dnuhle-handed.
Lord Home, British foreign sec
retary. People who watch such shows
as Ben Casey and Dr. Kildarc can
be difficult patients on occasion.
They learn a little bit about rare
diseases ... and they think
Ihey know a great deal.
-Dr. Peter Molt, of New Yerk'l
Brllrvue Medical Center.
Religion is strong in America,
but a good deal of it is a kind of
rather vague religious sentiment.
Arlhur Michael Ramsey, Arch
bishop nl fanleihury, after
three. week visit.
I reluse lo answer the question
on the grounds that the answer
micht tend to incriminate, de
grade and get me killed.
Daniel Cohen, reluctant wit
ness In a New York rnhbery
trial.
I te'd Mr Khrushchev that I
didn't intend to talk to him about
music, so we discussed Hie cotton
industry in Tashkent.
Composer Igor Stravinsky, vis
iting Russia lor the first lime
In it sears.