PAGE (A HERALD
fcdibftiaL (paqsL
Maior
There are some U.S. cities where the
chances are 1 in 13 that any citizen will be the
victim of a serious crime within the next 12
months.
Within zones of high crime incidence in
these and other cities, the chances of being
victimized are considerably greater.
The citizen's prospects naturally improve
when wider circles are drawn. In the United
States the ratio is 1 in 100. But in the Pacific
states as a group it drops to 1 in 60 and in cer
tain states it is 1 in 45.
.- This is just one way the FBI measures the
jmpact on the average citizen of today's great
and continuing rise in major crime.
The periodic evidence of that upward
spiral is duly recorded by the FBI. The latest
report shows U.S. crime for nine months of
1062 5 per cent higher than the same period
in 1961.
Yet the long-range look tells better what
is happening. From 1940 through 1961, the
climb in serious U.S. crime was 170 per cent,
though population in the same span was rising
just 38 per cent.
Much has long been made of the enlarg
ing role youthful offendors play in these in
creases. Individuals under 18 commit two of
every five serious crimes. Most staggering is
the fact that last year children under 15 com
mitted 32,000 burglaries and 62,000 larcen
ies. The latter total was nearly four times that
in the 25-29 age bracket.
Some students, of crime, law enforcement
specialists and psychologists argue that the
well remarked increases are more apparent
than real. A point frequently stressed is that
reporting and tabulation of crime is far more
complete and accurate than it used to be.
While conceding the point, FBI authori
ties question whether it goes very far toward
explaining the crime rise.
They put a finger on two big historical
changes the steady growth of urban centers,
with resulting heightened population density,
and the social instability arising from the con
(Th Boston Globe)
In World. War II, the United States in
flicted no greater Injustice on any group of its
citizens than it did on the nisei, the Japanese
Americans of the west coast. Undiscrimiiiat
ing hysteria dispossessed these people of their
homes, in effect destroyed their achievements
and Investments, and interned them as one
might intern enemy prisoners. Now the gov
ernment, through the Internal revenue serv
ice, is further tormenting them.
Not until 1957 did Congress act to make
reparation to these people for the material
losses they suffered, to say nothing of their
psychological suffering. Under the Japanese
Evacuation Claims Act the government paid
THESE DAYS . .
Death Of A Theory?
By JOHN CHAMBERLAIN
K, as has been assumed in c er
tain quarters, the current rup
ture between the Moscow and Pei
ping brands of Communism is to
become a permanent feature of
the international landscape, it
means that all the deep theories
of the geopoliticians and the "ex
porta" in Marxism have failed us.
And, since Uie foreign offices of
all the important western nations
ultimately base their policies
on advice originating in egghead
quarters, this is of more than
purely intellectual interest.
The first theory that will have
to be thrown into the ashcan, l(
the Mao-Khrushchev rift becomes
in epai able, is Lenin's own formu
lation of the probable course of
world revolution. Stated in rough
and epigrammatic paraphrase.
Lenin's avium laid it down that
"the road to Washington lies
thrnrgh Peiping." Ixriin made his
famous "turn to the east" when
the German Communist Revolu
tion failed to materialize alter
World War I. Disillusioned with
Karl Marx's feeling Umt Commu
nism would first develop in ad
vanced capitalist countries, the
Soviets looked to subverting the
colonial areas of the world as a
means of encircling the industri
alized West. First. China would
be brought into the Marxist soli
darity. Then, by degrees, the Com
munist revolution would be ex
ported to tropical Asia, to Africa
and to Latin America. This would
rob both Britain and the United
States of world markets and
sources of raw materials and
capitula'ion of the West would
duly follow.
AND NEWS, Klamath Falli, Ore.
Crime On Increase
stant movements of people from farm to city,
city to city and state to state.
In the vie v of government criminal ex
perts, these changes are creating conditions
for crime which never existed in similar
measure before.
An important element in these conditions
is opportunity, and present-day U.S. urban
life vastly magnifies opportunity.
There are more people tightly packed to
gether today, and they can be victimized in
crimes against the person. The rise in street '
assaults and robberies shows this opportunity
is being seized.
Likewise, in this affluent country, ma
terial standards are still going up. Consequent
ly there is more money and more jewelry,
furs, cars, television sets, cameras and other
goods to offer temptation.
This abundance, spread from city centers
out to swelling suburbs, is too great for any
police force to keep close watch upon. FBI
men say, too, that many of these tempting
prizes are carelessly guarded by their citizen
owners. i
The agency notes, for example, sharp in
creases in thefts from parked cars, from resi
dences left unlocked, from shops which know
the peril of "lifting." If big banks today are
hard to crack, the swiftly multiplying subur
ban branch banks and savings and loan offices
are vulnerable targets. Their safeguards are
limited.
Even if these attractions were not stead
ily proliferating, FBI officials suggest crime
rates would be sharply up. Here they turn to
the cited social instability: lax parental disci
pline, weakened neighborhood controls, in
terracial conflict, the city-ward rush of ruril
folk ill-equipped to live and hold jobs in the
complex urban centers.
The net of all this, it is argued, is to
heighten the urge to crime at a period in his
tory when the prospect of acting upon the
urge is maximized by the nation's unparalleled
growth.
Bureaucratic Blooper
off claimants. Most of the beneficiaries de
clare they received only one third of what
they asked.
Now the internal revenue service is seek
ing to tax the payments made despite elo
quent protests. Governor Edmund G. (Pat)
Brown has denounced the action and appealed
to the White House.
The IRS says no immunity from taxation
was provided in the bill. The author of the
hill says he had no idea the government would
ever tax such an award. That the TRS direc
tor in San Francisco is unable to distinguish
between these awards and those made for
land takings in highway building is typical.
Congress should act quickly to undo fhis
unfortunate imposition.
Up to 12 the Lenin 'henry
seemed to he working. Teiping
foil to Mao Tse-tung s band of
Marxist ideologues. And, with the
Moscow-I'oiping solidarity secm
ingly assured, the Communists in
creased their pressure in places
as far apart as Indonesia, Ghana.
Guatemala. British Guiana and
Cuba. "The law of uneven and
combined development," so the
Soviets had called this hop-skip-ami
jump method of pushing Com
munism across the (ace of the
globe.
There w as only one trouble w ith
I lie Lenin theory: it did not make
any provision for the emergence
l a deep quarrel between Mas.
cow and Peiping. It had assumed
that the "mud to Washington that
lies through Peiping" would al
was be proof against road blocks
Well, the assumption has now fall
en into at least temporary disar
ray, and it remains to be seen
whether tlie damage can ever be
repaired.
The sei-ond learned Uieory that
has suddenly become suspect is
the one propounded by the influ
ential English geographer. Sir
llallnrd Mackinder. This is known
as the theory of the "world is
land." and it was taken very se
riously in the Nineteen Thirties by
the German General Stall.
According to Sir Halford Mac
kinder, Russia and China to
gether form an unbreakable land
mass which, under unltied con
li ol. could lie used as a center
(or world domination. Once in
poscssion o( tlie Russian-Chinese
"world island." a conqueror would
he in a fwilion to "outllank the
oceans." The nations of western
Thursday, January 3, 1961
Europe, confined to what amounts
In a small peninsula, would be
powerless to fend off the at
tacks of a new Glienghis Khan
from Ihe sulidifed and unified
East
Well, Napoleon had tried to
dominate the western approaches
lo the "world island" by march
ine on Moscow, and he (ailed
Killer tried il in turn, only lo
lose his armies in illimitable
vastnes.-os After World War II.
however, the "world island" sud
denly materialized with tlie enten
te between Slalm and the Chi
nese Mao Tse-tung. It remained
only lor the mopping-up phases
before Euroo could be cowed
Into submission and the l'niled
States could be isolated in 'lie
western seas.
However. Jii.-t as Sir Hallord
Mai -kinder' nightmare theory was
iMvonimg all too close to being
realized, the "world island" split
in two! Moscow and Peiping, in
stead of "outflanking the oceans."
suddenly started snarling al each
oilier.
According In know ledceable ob
servers, the differences between
Mao Tse-tung and Khrushchev
have become too deeply imbedded
in mutual distrust and contempt
to be easily healed. One can only
hope thai Ihe observers are right.
Hut 1-enin's and Sir Halford Mac
kimlcr's theories had so much to
recommend them Irom the Com
munist point of view that one
would noimally look (or a recon
ciliation between Moscow and Pel
pmg. It could eon be that the
struggle lor reconciliation might
provoke the fall of Khrushchev or
Mao. or holh of them together.
Ready for
- -tit
IN WASHINGTON . . .
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
Instead of the usual predictions
for the New Year, I am making
up a list of things that will not
i repeat, not) happen in 1963. This
is safer and requires less wear
and tear on the crystal ball.
Here goes:
President Kennedy will not in
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Purely Personal Prejudices:
Most people live in their expecta
tions ralher than in their senses;
in fact, they deliberately blunt
their aenscs In order to make
more endurable the waiting-period
until their expectations "come
true" but by that time, they
have rendered themselves sensu
ously Incapable of enjoying the
future when it arrives.
As an indication of our deep
departure from the ideas held
by the men who wrote and ratified
the Declaration of Independence,
not one modern American in a
hundred, reading "We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal," would
understand what was meant by
the phrase "created equal," and
not one in a thousand would agree
that this idea is "self-evident."
All of us live. In some de
gree, by dogmatism; hut we
should keep perpetually In mind
Santayana's warning: "T h e
more perfect the dngmattim,
the more Insecure a great
tilth topsail that can never be
reeled nor (urled Is Ihe first
carried away by a gale."
To be utterly reasonable in an
unreasonable world is a form of
insanity.
When a woman feels forced to
a-k a man. "Do you really love
nie?". she already knows that
Ihe honest answer is something
less than i hearty affirmative.
A simulated indifference can
pry out more secrets than a press
ing curiosity; there's something
about a secret that's dying to
be told as long as it's not urged
to.
Parkinson s first Law about
expenditures rising lo meet, and
outstrip, income was more terse
ly and pungently expressed a full
century ago hy Thoreau. when he
observed: "If you wish lo give a
man a sense of poverty, give him
a thousand dollars; the next hun
dred dollars he gets will not be
worth more than ten that he used
to get."
' The shortest excuse is alas
tlie best and most manliest; the
(irst time my boy said.
"I goofed." rather than giving
some elaborate explanation, he
had taken a giant step toward
manhood.
Everything seems lo rub up
against a sore finger; and the
same is true of a wounded per
the Grand Opening
v
Thoughts After
vite me to dinner at. the White
House. After all, tlie President
spends so little lime at 1600 Penn
sylvania Avenue that he couldn't
possibly fit me in, and that heli
copter is just too small for slate
dinners.
The State Department will not
ask me to submit my ideas on
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
sonality, which blames its own
rawness on the abrasive nature of
Ihe world.
The arm-chair philosopher who
tells you that "everything is rela
tive," would be baffled if you
responded that his remark was
only "relatively true."
POTOMAC
FEVER
Infernal Revenue boss Caplin
announces new expense account
rules. You can stil! live on an
expense account provided you
happen to have an expensive ac
countant. Jake the Barber gels a Presi
dential pardon alter giving
000 to Ihe DrnvKrats. This
hows what can happen when a
philanthropist resists Ihe temp
tation to give to socially unfash
ionable charities such as the
Republican party.
There's no mystery about why
Fidel Caslro needs all that medi
cine. If your boss was Khrushchev
you'd want all the tranquilizers
you could get too.
Defense officials say the Air
Force exaggerated results of its
Skyholt test. The military is not
supposed to fib. Under Ihe man
aged news policy, fibbing Is Ihe
job of the civilian authorities.
Nol only Is It belter lo give
lhan lo receive, but If you can
give M and receive SKI. that's
perfect.
.lacqueime Kennedy gave her
husband an engraved whale's
loolh for Christmas. That gives
Republicans an idea for next year
for Ihe man who has everything
an engraved shark's tooth
FLETCHER KNF.BEL
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
e To what group does Ihe Is
land of Barbados belong?
A The Windward group
Q How did Delaware earn the
title nf Ihe "Klrjl Slalr?"
A Bv being Ihe lir.-t of Ihe 11
original slates to ratify the Con-
stitutien.
of Congress
January
how to win the cold war or over
throw Fidel Castro.
My name will not be removed
from the Administration's "drop
dead", list. Neither, for that mat
ter, will those of House Republi
can leader Charles Halleck. Rep
rcsentaUve Don Bruce, or Repre
sentative John Rhodes.
Secretary of Defense Robert Mc
Namara will not say to Repre
sentative Earl Wilson, "You were
absolutely right about improper
defense procurement. By com
plaining, you saved us a billion
dollars last year. Why don't you
come on over and show us how to
save another $10 billion."
Assistant Defense Secretary Ar
thur Sylvester will not tell the
Washington press corps to come
and get it I the news, that is) or
concede that censorship today is
as bad as anything we have ever
seen in wartime.
Senator Wayne Morse will not
stop talking.
Presidential aide Arthur Schles
inger, if he continues lo hold his
job, will not swear off writing
articles and making statements
that antagonize our friends and
allies.
.Comrade Khrushchev will not
desist from talking peace and
planning war.
President Tito will nr' tell Mr.
Kennedy that he no longer wants
U.S. foreign aid, now lhat he and
Nikita are such good buddies.
President de Gaulle will not in
vest in a pair of elevator shoes.
And Prime Minister Maemillan
will not be heard whistling "Yan
kee Doodle" at .No. 10 Downing
Street.
Ambassador Aldai Stevenson
will not renew his subscription to
the Saturday Evening Post. And
neither Stewart AJsop nor Charles
BarUett will accept dinner invita
tions from Mr. Stevenson, t If they
change their minds, they'll take
along a taster.'
Fidel Castro will not sign lo do
a razor blade commercial unless
he is permitted lo give Uncle Sam
a very close shave on camera.
Gov. Nelson Rockefeller will
not write an advice-to-the-lovelorn
column. Nor will he agree to do
a brother act with Senator Barry
Goldwater.
If asked. Presidential press sec
retary Pierre Salinger will not
deny (or affirm) that the Soviets
have been conducting a floaUng
crap game in outer space.
The value of the dollar will nol
gi up. Neither will the size of
the national debt go down.
The jokes about Caroline. Bob
by, and Jackie will not get any
funnier.
RelaUves of Ihe White House
palace guard will not be booted
from the public trough.
Roger Blough will not agree to
turn over U.S. Sleel to the Peace
Corps, no mailer what the Jus.
tue Department's antitrust di
vision sas.
The per capita how consump
tion of Washington, D.C.. will not
decline.
The "Ev and Charlie" show will
not go musical, with "My Son
The Folk Sineer" Sherman writ
ins Ihe lyrics, even though it
would help.
In short, things will go on pret
ty much as usual. To be posime
about it, Washington will continue
to be exciting, frustrating, incom
prehensible, and i in the spnng
lovely.
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
New Farm Program
Guidelines Prepared
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn,
WASHINGTON (NEAI - First
evidence of reform and reorgan
ization in Agriculture Depart
ment's controversial, 9,900-man
state and county farm committee
system will be apparent when 1063
feed grain and wheat programs
are announced early in the new
year.
But it will take the better part
of the year to simplify and reis
sue the handbooks and regula
tions which guide the 3,300 agri
cultural stabilization committees
in administering locally the com
plex farm programs authorized
by Congress at the national level.
It will also take new legisla
tion to effect some of the farm
committee reorganization recom
mendations being made by Sec
retary of Agriculture Orville L.
Freeman.
Most important of all proposed
changes, Congress will be asked
to amend the law to permit elec
tion of the three county commit
tee members by all local com
mitteemen for staggered three
year terms.
The present system calls for
annual election of all three county
committeemen on one - year
terms.
Full effect of the farm com
mittee system changes will ob
viously not be felt before the 1984
crop year. Whether the changes
will satisfy critics of the 30-year-old
system is doubtful. It is too
convenient a whipping post as an
administrative red tape monstros
ity set up by Washington.
But demands that American
farm programs be run by farm
ers at the grass roots level has
been a maxim of politicians for
years. It has been included in
both party platforms.
The farm committee system
was devised in the Henry Wallace
era of the New Deal to meet this
demand. At first it was fairly sim
ple. Farmers from each commu
nity elected their own committee
to administer the national pro
grams locally.
The community committee
chairmen, of whom there might
be 10 or a dozen in an average
county, elected a county commit
tee. State committees were named
by the secretary of agriculture,
with Washington setting the quali
fications. But here party politics and pa
tronage crept in and it filtered
down lo county and local levels
WASHINGTON
Strikers'
Appear
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Secretary of Labor Willard
Wirtz has returned lo Washing
ton convinced that there is no
end in sight to New York's news
paper strike.
Leaders of the striking Interna
tional Typographical Union
couldn't care less about Wirtz'
efforts to halt the walkout. Un
ion President Elmer Brown,
reached in Colorado Springs,
brushed off Wirtz with this re
mark: "I haven't been impressed
by him."
Brown knows full well that his
union can hold out indefinitely un
til New York publishers accept
his demands. Said one striker
over a boor in a New York sa
loon: "I get f9 a week from the
union as long as the strike goes
on. With strike benelits like thai,
why should we go back to work?"
The (act of the matter is thai
several thousand new employes
may not go back at all.
The strike has had profound ef
fects upon New York, and in
deed the country. Seventeen thou
sand newspaper employes are job
less. Workers have been affected
as far away as Canada where
newsprint plants have been shut
down.
Broadway plays open, and fold,
for there are no critics to report
what's new on the Great White
Way. Christmas sales at many
stores were off from previous
years.
What do Ihe 1.500 printers, who
now make anywhere from $H? to
$l.i7 a week, want?
First of all. an across-the-board
pay hike of $38 $19 in fringe
benefits, $19 in pay. It Is more
pay for less work, for they de
mand a 35-hour week. too.
The newspaper publishers of
fered t wage packaje of $8. equal
to one accepted by striking mem
bers of the Newspaper Guild lat
fall. The primers laughed it oft.
The publishers, who began ne
gotiating in July, report that
agreement had been reached on
87 of the contract provisions
when Ihe walkout was called. In
every clause that was revised,
they say, It was the publishers
who gae in.
Labor Department figures slww
the printers lo be among the
country's highest paid employes.
because of the power these com
mittees had to make allocations
and approve payments for co-operation
with government programs.
Then as these programs be
came more numerous and compli
cated during the war years and
after, hired county managers be
came necessary, with field men
lo inspect compliance.
When the cotton allotment scan
dals in the Billie Sol Estes case
pointed up the monstrous complex-
ity of this system and what an
unscrupulous operator could get
away with under the law, reform
and reorganization were naturally
called for. Freeman appointed an
eight-man committee to review the
situation and make recommenda
tions on how to improve it.
A. Lars Nelson of Washington
State, an overseer in the National
Grange, served as chairman. For
mer Democratic secretaries of ag
riculture Charles F. Brannan and
Claude Wickard served as farm
organization leaders and state ag
ricultural school professors served
as members with Joseph Kadja
of Kansas State as staff director.
The voluminous report of this
group, just made public, finds the
farm committee system funda
mentally sound, but says it can
be strengthened and improved.
Abort half of its many recom
mendations are being accepted by
the Department of Agriculture,
and action is being taken to put
them into effect.
Elected and appointed commit
teemen are to be given greater
leeway in making local decisions.
Detail of handbooks and regula
tions are to be simplified. Better
qualified men with experience as
county chairmen are to be ap
pointed to slate committees. Com
mitteemen and field men are to
be given better training. The sec
retary of agriculture will appoint
state executive directors with the
approval of state committees.
Freeman is also recommending
that he be given authority to in
tervene where local or county
committees are not administering
programs in accord with tlie in
tent of Congress. At present the
secretary has no authority over
local committees, although he is
held responsible by Congress (or
effective administration of its
farm programs.
This recommendation may cause
some trouble. For one of tlie prin
cipal criticisms of the whole farm
problem is that there is already
too much Washington control. This
means more.
REPORT . . .
Demands
Unreasonable
Their pay has jumped from $11(5
$12fi in 1933 to Ihe present $147
$1.57. Under terms of the pub
lishers' proposed contract, lhat
would jump to $155-$165 a week.
Two paid holidays were added
in the past 10 years, bringing the
total lo eight a year. This is in
addition lo three weeks paid vaca
tion after one year's service. The
proposed contract would include
a fourth week of vacation after
IS years service with a single
employer. The union members
also receive full pay when on jury
duty.
The union has refused In yield
what Time Magazine calls "its
lime-dishonored right to set bogus
type." This featherbedding prac
tice involves hand-composing, and
then throwing away unused, all
advertisements set in mat form.
Featherbedding practices such
as these have helped kill news
papers from New York to Los An
geles. The printers couldn't care
less.
Al
manac
The United Press International
Today is Thursday. Jan. 3, the
third day of 19fiJ with ,32 to
follow.
The moon is in its first quarter.
The morning stars ere Mars
and Venus.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn
On this day in history:
In 1777, George Washington de
feated three British regiments at
the battle of Princeton.
In DID, the "March of Dimes"
campaign lo light infantile para
lysis was organized, as an out
growth of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's Warm Springs Foun
ds lion
In 1947. the Mth Conaress. first
to he controlled by Republicans
since 1933, was convened.
In 19S9 Alaska became the 4!th
stale to join the Union, when
President Dwight Eisenhower
signed Ihe document of procla
mation, thought for the day-American
short story writer William
Sydney Porter, better known as
O. Henry, said: "A straw voti
only shows which way the hoi air
blows."