PAGE
HEBALD
fcdii&wnl flags
; The newly expanded federal judiciary
laces two big tests as the fall court term gets
under way. It will be measured for the overall
quality of its work, and by the vigor of Us as
sault on a mountainous backlog of unsettled
cases.
On this latter point, Chief Justice Earl
Warren, long an advocate of a drastic speed
up, now renews his urgings.
Recently the Judicial Conference of the
United States, a co-ordinating group of top
federal judges, adopted a resolution asking
that the 11 circuits in the United States sys
tem view as "judicial emergencies" all cases
. appropriate for trial which have been pending
jthree years or more; 7,085 cases fall into that
class.
; Each circuit is urged to draw up a plan
With a specific final deadline for the trial or
other disposal of all such cases in Its jurisdic
tion. The cleanup effort will be handicapped
by the fact that only 37 of the 73 new judge
ships established by Congress this year have
been filled. Another 17 were named by Presi
dent Kennedy but not confirmed by the Sen
ate. The other 19 are still to be chosen.
The President may further accelerate the
attack on the case backlog by handing recess
appointments to the 17 with pending nomina
tions and perhaps another dozen.
But on a handful of the pending nomina
tions a fight may develop when Congress re
Are All The Best Men Democrats?
(Corvallii Cazett Times)
In answer to the above question we know
several people who, In their most unprejudiced
judgment, would answer a resounding "Yes",
But most people will admit that there are good
thinking people in both political parties.
: The subject that brings the question to
tlte fore is that almost everyone in the Ken
nedy administration seems to agree In princi
ple that the best qualified Individuals should
be selected for Federal judgeships, without
regard to their political affiliations. Thus, it
must be a coincidence that, to, date, almost all
of those deemed best qualified happen to be
. Democrats.
Since taking office, President Kennedy
has nominated 60 Democrats for places on the
Federal bench and there are 48 more such
posts waiting to be filled. Only three Republi
cans have been chosen to be Federal district
judges; in each case they were nominated
originally by President Eisenhower and their
nominations not withdrawn.
:-. Mr. Kennedy, as a candidate In August
One of the most difficult sen
tences to say is: "I do' not know."
Four words. Ten letters. They
strangle in the throat. No one
likes to use them. It Is like pub
licizing one's ignorance. Many a
time I've been on the verge of a
clever lie in answer to a quesUon
I barely understood.
Lots of times I have entered a
conversation and ventured a pro
. found opinon, just to hear myself
talk. This is tlie attitude of the
imposing poseur. I have tat, with
chest bared, through a medical
examination which consisted of
the doctor's opinions on Nikita
Khrushchev's next move. He did
not know but sadly, he didn't
know that he didn't know.
Good dentists have had me at
their mercy with mouth open
while giving me the low-down on
the differences between religions.
Carpenters havo conlided to me,
while nailing boards In my house,
who would be nominated for Pres
ident of the United States, and
why. My barber gives me long
dissertations on the beauties of
Rome. He has never been there.
I have.
Albert Einstein, one'of the great
est mentalities of all time, was
once complimented on his violin
playing. He smiled shyly. '"I love
the instrument," he said. "But I
do not know it. I only fiddle."
How big is a big man? One of
the negative Indices Is his ability
to use the words: "I do not know."
Students are afraid to admit ig
norance to the teachers. They are
asked a question, and they hazard
a guess. They take a chance.
They do not understand that there
is nothing shameful about ignor
ance; stupidity Is the unforgiv
AND NEWS. Klamath Falls, Ore.
Judiciary Judged
1960, specifically stated: "I would hope that
the paramount consideration in the appoint
ment of a judge would not be his political
party, but his qualifications for the office."
Bernard G. Segal, chairman of the American
Bar Association's Standing Committee on the
Federal Judiciary, pointedly reminded the can
didate that "Any policy of appointments based
on qualifications will inevitably result in an
' appreciable number of appointments from
the opposition party."
Non-partisan intentions have a way of
getting lost in the tough world of practical
politics. Infighting over patronage is one of the
reasons that a large number of judicial va
cancies remain to be filled. We realize further
that Mr. Kennedy has been rather concerned
over such matters as Berlin and our prestige
abroad so he doubtless has left the selection
of judges to some minor functionary, who is
. not as interested in the President's campaign
promises as he himself would be if he had
time to go over the rather formidable list
and do something about each one.
JIM BISHOP: REPORTER . . .
Admitting Ignorance No
Shame; Being Stupid Is
able crime. To be ignorant implies
that one does not know; to be
stupid Implies that one cannot
learn.
One time, I sal in the White
House with Jim Hagerty and
Dwight D. Eisenhower. We were
talking about the President's
dally routine and he said that he
had a teacher come in three times
a week to Impart the fundamen
tals o( economics. I was shocked
that he would admit that he did
not know economics. Ho scemd
to divine my thought.
He parted his clasped "hands
palms up. "My life has been spent
in the United Slates Army," ha
said. "They taught me to requisi
tion everything I might need. An
army officer learns to take. Now
I must learn how to give."
Sometimes I receive invitations
to speak at a public function.
These are always declined, with
thanks. Why? Because 1 have
heard writers make speeches.
The men and women of my pro
fession are the most pedantic
bores since the days of ( h e Ro
man senate.
Most of them, as public speak
ers, can resolve the problems o(
the world In, 25 minutes. If there
are any knots left untied when
they conclude, they are willing
to work them loose insthe ques-tion-and-answer
period which fol
lows the speech. Teiey know
everything about everything.
A goofl journalist should know
a little bit about everything; no
subject should be alien to his
mind. But, It he is a proper
journalist, he does not know
enough about medicine to diag
nose or prescribe, and not enough
about plumbing to fix a leaky
Friday. October 13, 11
Good
turns. At least two, Irving Ben Cooper of New
York and Ben Green of Ohio, face challenges
on grounds of unfitness. This list may grow.
Yet despite these simmering conflicts the
administration's record on appointments has
been dubbed "splendid" by Bernard Segal,
head of the American Bar Association's stand
ing committee on the U.S. judiciary. His group
advises the government on all seriously con
sidered candidates, but its recommendations
are not controlling.
These findings are released only after
public hearings. Of 52 thus disclosed this
year, the ABA rated 14 nominees qualified, 27
well qualified, nine exceptionally well quali
fied. It disapproved just two. Both of the latter
were subsequently confirmed anyway.
Altogether the administration has had to
cope with 120 appointments, since in addi
tion to 73 new posts there are 47 vacancies
created by death, retirement or expiration of
term. The total comes to 30 per cent of the
whole U.S. judiciary and compares with the
106 judgeships Franklin D. Roosevelt filled
in 12 years.
Laymen, noting the enormity of the job,
can do little but rely on the bar association's
professional judgment as to the administra
tion's total performance to date. That judg
ment clearly is that our federal courts are,
generally, getting fresh injections of good
quality.
pipe in his home. The more he
learns, the more conscious he be
comes of the mental mountains
which lie ahead.
A noted preacher once said In
me: "I just finished reading 'The
Day Christ Died.' What a store
house of knowledge you have!"
1 couldn't give him the truth,
which is that I knew precious lit
tle about the subject until 1 re
searched the book. Eight or 10
hours a day for 14 months will
make anybody look good. Then I
had the best theological minds gi
over the book, word by word, for
errors.
Winston Churchill was always
reluctant to say: "I don't know."
It required the combined persua
sion o the Imperial General Staff
to kill some of his ideas of war
strategy. Franklin D. Roosevelt
did not like to admit that he did
not know, but he was clever at
milking tlie minds of other men,
listening and nodding, then ap
propriating their ideas as his own.
Adolf Hitler was lucky with a few
strategical ideas, and thereafter
thought that he had invented mili
tary tactics. He was still waiting
for a non-existent army to move
into the line at Berlin when he
committed suicide.
He could not bear to say "I do
not know." When Enrico Fermi,
in an Italian laboratory, split an
atom in 19:14, he did not know
what he had done and he ad
mitted it. He was attempting In
screen neutrons, and he felt that
his test hol failed. In reality,
he had opened the door to the
atom bomb.
I must practice saying: "I do
not know." It is going to startle
my friends, and it will stun me.
Gambling
By LEON DENNEN .
NEW YORK (NEA)-Berliners
are again "voting with their feet"
against communism.
Only now it is West Berliners
who are moving to West Germany
for fear that their city will ulti
mately fall into the clutches of
Premier Khrushchev's East Ger
man puppet, Walter Ulbricht.
Western diplomats take com
fort in the fact that the exodus
has not yet reached the propor
tions of a panic. Yet the mental
picture of this retreat haunts me
as I return from three months of
reporting in Europe.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Friday. Oct. 13, the
286th day of the year with 79 to
follow in 1961.
The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning star is Venus.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
On this day in history:
In 1775, the Continental Con
gress ordered construction of a
naval fleet, thus originating the
U.S. Navy.
In 1792, the cornerstone of the
President's house, the first public
huilding to be built in Washington,
D.C., was put down by George
Washington.
In 1943. Italy declared war on
its former axis partner, Germany.
A thought for today: AH Ibn-abu-talib,
the Arabic philosopher
said, "He who has a thousand
friends has not a friend to spare."
Thoughts
Therefore let us be grateful lor
receiving a kingdom that cannot
be shaken, and let us offer to
God acceptable worship, with rev
erence and awe: Hebrews 12:18.
First worship God. v
He that forgets to pray
Bids not himself good-morrow
Or good-day.
Thomas Randolph.
Food and Drink
ACROSS
Pinner course
S Breakfast staple
S Butter servings
12 Sit o(Tj Mahal
13 Retret
S English river
10 Decimal digits
11 Short dacger
19 Frozen dessert
20 Act
22 Confined
14 Baking place
15 Fruit
, 16 Jbsen character
i 17 Modulate
I IB Egotistical
i 20 Pastoral home
23 Food fish
24 Revise
25 Italian money
2d Flower
27 Wav of coo king
beef
2d Meat dish
28 Popular French
food
31 Rasebst!
equipment
34 Beverage
containers
21 High card
22 Mine
23 Misrepresent
2S Penitence
30 Mine entrance
31 Skeleton part
J? consumed Jooa
.13 Knight's title.
34 Threw
35 Russian city
3 Uw
3fl Ship's men fpl.)
30 Harvest goddess
40 Evil
41 Soft drinks
44 Legislative
oodles
431
49 C
S0
Fruit drinks
God of (ifl.1i
Man or Cafrt
31 (
a
Church last
season
52 C
33 f
conjunctive;
Egyptian nver
Very tn French
54
Affirmative
Ginger cookie
DOWN
Qiemtee
c urved molding
Soviet nver O
Dessert
W'ipe out
Spout
Turn right
Starchy
' vegetable
; a-2 o
jig
r
With World's Future
Despite President Kennedy's
promise to defend the right of ac
cess to West Berlin, thousands are
quietly leaving or making plans to
leave the beleaguered city.
In the view of West Berliners,
the doom of their city was sealed
last August when Ulbricht built
his concrete wall which now sepa
rates East from West Berlin and
when the West failed to knock
it down.
THE WORLD
AT STAKE
This in capsule is how Leon
Dennen, veteran Newspaper
Enterprise Analyst, sees the in
ternational situation after three
months of Intensive reporting in
Europe.
Dennen has covered the Ber
lin crisis and the Belgrade con
ference of unaligned nations. He
has talked with diplomats, In
tellectuals, neutralist leaders,
East German and Russian Com
munists, West Gentian govern
ment officials, labor leaders and
men on the street in Germany,
France, Yugoslavia and Eng
land. His conclusions:
Russia does not want war.
Russia hopes to get the re
wards of war from President
Kennedy by negotiation.
If the U.S. knuckles under in
Berlin the West will lose West
Germany to neutralism and
NATO will collapse.
It would be a grave error on
the part of the Western leaders
to underestimate the impact of
this action on the German people.
It would be another mistake to
ignore its effect on Europeans of
all walks of life or on the leaders
of the neutralist nations whom I
recently met at the Belgrade con
ference. For the Germans, the open door
of Berlin was precious because
it was the last remaining breach
in the wall between East and West
Germany. Its slamming awoke the
sense of national emergency.
Ulbrichl's wall exploded the
Answer to Previous Puttie
35 Decrees 43 Sand hill
37 Browns 44 Mentally sound
breakfast bread 45 Chinese city
S3 Food container 48 Feminine
40 Twists appellation
41 Food seasoning 47 Oore
42 German river 49 Wages
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myth that firm loyalty to the West
means safety from Red encroach
ment. Ordinary Europeans say they
are no longer convinced that the
West is in a position to negotiate
with Moscow more than a face
saving solution in exchange for
recognizing the East German Com
munist regime.
A prominent East German Com
munist who recently escaped West
said: "Since Ulbricht was permit
ted to seal off East Berlin, West
Berlin is no longer a bulwark
against communism.
"West Berlin is still a symbol
of freedom but what man in his
right mind would fight an atomic
war for a fading symbol?"
East Germans asserted Ulbricht
and his henchmen never expected
to get away with the sealing of
East Berlin so easily. They were
nervous about possible Western
countermeasures. When these did
not come, nervousness gave way
to arrogant self-confidence.
Last summer Europeans were
still certain that the unity of Ber
lin would be preserved. As I left
I heard the question: "Will the
free world survive?"
In Belgrade and in East and
West Berlin, in Paris and London
I was repeatedly asked whether
President Kennedy actually meant
it when he said: "We intend to
have a wider choice than humilia
tion or all-out nuclear war."
. The American President still is
popular among ordinary Europe
ans. His courageous speeches are
written in a language that Euro
peans love to read. The right word
spoken by the President at the
right time usually gives to the
man-in-the-street a lift.
But gradually dismay is begin
ning to creep in. The ordinary
European can hardly be blamed
for being confused and frightened
by the conflicting statements on
Berlin and the recognition of Com
munist East Germany by influen
tial Americans such as Senators
Mike Mansfield and J. W. Ful
hright and Gen. Lucius Clay,
President Kennedy's special emis
sary in West Berlin.
Europe watched as in a state
of hypnosis like in a tale by
Kafka the construction of Ul
brichl's wall behind which ter
ror will prevail and freedom will
be excluded forever more. One be
gan to sense how the credit of
our President and of America
was ebbing away.
"What does the future hold in
store for us?" ordinary people
began to ask me.
"Is Kennedy's new frontier Ul
brichl's wall?" was one sardonic
question.
Only closed minds are against
East-West negotiations about Ber
lin. But the consensus of Euro
peansintellectuals, labor leaders
and ordinary men was that Presi
dent Kennedy must insist on the
razing of Ulbricht's wall before
he sits down to negotiate with
Khrushchev.
They are convinced that If the
Allies permit Khrushchev to vio
late all existing agreements on the
four-power control of all Berlin
his puppet Ulbricht will only be
encouraged to further aggression.
If the West can be frightened
by Moscow's atomic blackmail
why should not the Communists
use it again and again to impose
the Kremlin's will on so-called
"hostage" nations like Britain and
France and ultimately on the
United States as well?
The memory of Musich and the
disastrous war that iotlowed is
still fresh in the minds of Europeans.
o o
EDSON IN WASHINGTON...
Thant Dark Horse
For Top UN Post
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) Men
tion of U Thant of Burma as a
dark horse possibility to succeed
U.N. Secretary-General Dag Ham
marskjold brings intcj Western
limelight a little-known Asiatic
diplomat.
There is no assurance yet that .
U Thant,. Mongi Slim of Tunisia
or anybody else will or will not
get the job. As it moves into its
fourth week of debate without hav
ing done anything, the general
assembly is still trying to find an
acceptable formula for naming
Hammarskjold's successor.
Numerous intermediaries from
the Soviet Union have all brought
out different versions of Russian
proposals. Every one was a feel
er. None was reduced to writing
nor made definite enough for se
rious negotiations.
It was for this reason that the
United States felt it necessary to
restate its unchanged support for
an interim secretary-general with .
full authority, named by the gen
eral assembly without a control
ling group of three or four or five
undersecretaries, and without po
litical representation of any kind.
Selection of U Thant may be
a compromise solution for this
otherwise insurmountable diffi
culty. He has not pushed himself
as a candidate. When his name
was first suggested just after the
assembly convened, the Burma
statesman said he would have to
ask his government if he could
accept. That approval has been
given.
He has been coming to the U.N.
for 10 years, and for the last four
has been head of Burma's perma
nent delegation. He knows the po
litical ups and down of the U.N.
skyscraper and the sideways
movements of its delegates'
lounge.
He has the respect of his col
leagues in the Afro-Asian bloc of
new nations and was their chair
man last year.
One principal criticism of his
candidacy is that he has never
held a high position in his own
government. But neither had
Trygve Lie nor Dag Hammar- ;
skjold when they were named secretary-general.
Their reputations
were national and regional.
U Thant is 51 years old. After
graduation from Rangoon Univer
sity he became a high school
teacher and headmaster. He was
on the board which reorganized
the educational system when Bur
THE DOCTOR
Now Is
To Get
By HAROLD T. HYMAN, M.D.
Written for
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
Q Do you still favor flu shots?
A More than ever.
But you must see to it that you
get Influenze Virus Vaccine.
Not influenza bacillus vaccine.
Nor a mixed "cold" or "respira
tory" vaccine that contains influ
enza bacilli as one of its many
ingredients.
Because of an unusually high
death rate in high-risk groups
last winter, many health officers
advocate inoculations before Nov.
1 of the pregnant, persons 65 years
old and above, diabetics, cardiacs,
hypertensives, asthmatics and all
others who suffer from any chron
ic and debilitating disorder.
Those who were immunized last
year need only a single shot: oth
ers require two shots, he second
shot to be given about two months
after the first.
Q If food is left in cans and
kept in the refrigerator, can it
cause poisoning?
A No So long as it is not con
taminated in any way, especially
by fingers, after the can has been
opened.
Q Is face-peeling safe? Does it
remove wrinkles and creases?
A To answer the second part
first, face-pceling will not perma
nently remove wrinkles or creases.
As to its safety, that depends
on several factors. If the peeling
is done by the application of chem
icals, such as powerful acids, it is
risky whether done by a beauty
parlor operator or by a doctor.
Naturally the risk is less if it's
done by an experienced physi
cian. Again, if the peeling is done
surgically, whether with a scalpei
or sandpaper, the factor of scae
ring is so difficult to gauge that
most operators carry very heavy
insurance against claims of disfig
urement. Finally, if your vanity so far
exceeds your common sense that
you feel you mSt trifle with your
appearance, go get yourself a sun
burn. You'll peel almost as well
and the cost of your folly will oe
considerably reduced.
Q I met a diabetic reccnQ
wno wears a locket that gives her
name and address and the name,
ma became independent after the
war.
In 1947 he became press direc
tor for the Burmese government
and then director of broadcasting.
He became secretary to Prime
Minister U Nu in 1953, then secre
tary of the cabinet.
American newspaper corres.
pondents who have covered U
Thant's office in both Burma and
New York have found him to be a
talented executive in a quiet, gen
teel way.
He is also a tough administra
tor; unyielding, impossible to push
around. He did some effective
work in curbing Burmese Com
munists, At the U.N. he has on
occasion squelched even Gromyko
in short, pointed speeches he
writes himself, in longhand.
U Thant is a Buddhist. A man
of that faith would be something
different in high international
councils, but its philosophy might
contribute a great deal to world
peace.
In his speech during U.N. gen
eral debate last year. U Thant
pointed out that the main obstacle
to peace was the world's division
into two hostile, ideological camps,
"each suspicious and fearful of
the other and both scrambling to
entice recruits into their respec
tive ranks."
This would seem to mark U
Thant as a neutralist. But he ob
served that peace cannot be es.
tablished by passive neutralism.
U Thant lias urged continuous
efforts to reach some agreement
on disarmament. And he has been
an active supporter of the idea
that a ban on nuclear testing is
an essential preliminary to an
agreement that will halt the arms
race. He supported Red China
Chou En-Iai's proposal of 1959 for
clearing Asia and the Pacific of
all nuclear weapons, not ques
tioning its good faith. ' . ,
U Thant supported Secretary
General Hammarskjold's actions
in carrying out security
council resolutions in the Congo.
He declared that his government
saw no need to modify the secretary-general's
functions nor to re
organize his office.
"The Congo," he said, "marked
tlie start of a new phase in U.N.
evolution. It is our fervent hope
that it will emerge as the world's
indispensable agency."
With the world in a period of
acute crisis, he regarded as a
most hopeful sign the fact that
all significant campaigns in the
cold war are being fought out in
the U.N.
SAYS ...
The Time
Inoculation
address and phone number of her
doctor. Can you tell me where
such a locket can be obtained?
I am an epileptic and I think I
should be provided with something
like that.
A Write for an application
blank to Medic-Alert Foundation,
a nonprofit organization at Tur
lock. California. Or, in Canada, to
176 St. George St., Toronto 5, Ont.
Q Some time ago you recom
mended the Papanicolaou test for
the early detection of cancer. You
said it was painless. I cannot let
that statement pass unchallenged,
as I took the test with my moth
er and two sisters and we all
were utterly shocked at the pain.
Why do you mislead your readers
that way?
A I cannot imagine what could
have been done to you, your
mother and your sisters.
But I can promise you that thera
need be no pain in the collection
of material for the Pap test. .
And, even if there were, univer
sal application of the test could
save the lives of 95 per cent of the
17.000 women who die each year
as the result of cancers situated
at the mouth of the womb.
Dear Reader: Dr. Hyman ar
predates your comments and
questions but regrets that the
heavy volume of his mail doesn't
permit him to answer each indi
vidual letter or post card. How
ever, he will comment in columns
like the above upon matters o
general or unusual interest. i
For a copy of Dr. Hyman's
leaflet "How to Combat the Com
mon Cold," send 10 cents to Dr.
Hyman, care Herald and News,'
Box 489, Dept. B, Radio City SU
lion. New York 19, N Y. '
THEY
SAY.
It blew the whole to'jj away. !t
the darn thing didn't even tour'o
the school. . O
Tim VTardC'piipil at Dougherty.
Tex., public school, alter a tor.
ydfl O h town of 180 people.
o -r3