THE
Secessionlsfs
Repel Vessel
For Ft. Sumter
By PHILIP VAN DOREN STERN
Written for
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
' One hundred years ago this
eountry was in the midst of the
most serious crisis in its history
After many
- threats, South
Carolina had
seceded from
the Union
Dec. 20, 1860
to declare her
self tempor
arily an in-
pendent republic. She expected
ether Southern states to join her
in forming a new nation.
Things were stirring in Charles
ton, where the state legislature
had voted for secession. As soon
as the decision reached the peo
ple outside the convention hall.
an eyewitness reported:
"The whole city was wild with
excitement as the news spread like
wildfire through its streets. Busi
ness was suspended everywhere:
the peals of the church bells min
gling with salvos of artillery from
the Citadel. Old men ran shout
ing down the street.
"Everyone entitled to it ap
peared at once in uniform.
"In less than IS minutes after
its passage, the principal news
paper of Charleston had placed
in the hands of the eager multi
tude a copy of the Ordinance of
Secession. Private residences were
illuminated, while military organ
izations marched in every direc
tion, the music of their bands lost
amid the shouts of the people.'
The city kept boiling with ex
citement for days. Charleston was
news world news and its people
knew it. It was there, rather than
any other place in the South, that
trouble could be expected, for the
four forts guarding the harbor
were federal property. That is,
the federal government had built
them, but South Carolina now re-
garded them as hers. And she
wanted to be rid of the little
garrison of U.S. Army troops
headed by Maj. Robert Anderson
which was occupying old Fort
Moultrie on the north side of the
harbor. Moultrie was half-drifted
over with sand which had piled so
high against its walls that any
one could walk up them and gain
access to the fort.
A mile southwest of Moultrie
was Fort Sumter, a huge stpne
structure wnicn was sun unnn
ished although men had been
working on it for more than 30
years. It stood in the entrance
of the harbor completely sur
rounded by water, and it was so
strong as four years of war were
to show that if it had all its guns
it could have defended Charleston
by itself. It made the other three
forts obsolete.
Anderson had arrived in
Charleston during the previous
month. Few people there knew
him, but his record showed that
he was a Kentuckian who
married a girl from Georgia. The
record also showed that he had a
long and honorable career and
could, be depended on to do his
duty. The only question was:
what was his duty as a Southern
born officer of the United Stales
Army?
That question was answered
with dramatic suddenness on the
day after Christmas, when An
derson moved his garrison from
Moultrie to Sumter, spiked the
guns he left behind and burned
their wooden carriages.
Charleston people were incensed
by what he did especially since
a Southerner had done it. Sober
second thought, however, made
them realize that Anderson and
his small band of men could do
very little in the enormous fort
which had only a few guns mount
ed. The garrison would be isolat
ed there and would soon be
atarved out.
South Carolina troops promptly
seized the other forts; then a
new battery was built on the
Ocean shore east of Sumter where
M r a mm am Bonna
m m u wi v- U V UUUUU U J Li X II If U 0 1
FIRING ON the Star of the Watt from the sandhill bat. tary on Morris Island.
D Exploration Is Main Oil Question, Says Hatfield
SALEM APi Oregon is going to thai oil company. But. the gov-1 concerned
10 nave io necinc m lietiici- to por-jcrnor added, the law must spclr with over regulating It at this
urn aim encourage on ex)ioiuiioiiOiit public protection even u that point.
7 ie iw-n i.uv. on company gets me lease. I Secretary of slate lion ell Appl-
Mark 0. Hatfield said rnday. 0mo oil is found in Oregon, in Jr.. a "former Texan, said ho
uiscussing tlie controversy oxer Hatfield said, "we can be more Iliad lived in an oil moduiino stale
uie proposeo. leasing oi uregun s demanding." 25 years anil was -aware that uu
lidelands, Hatfield taiil: "I am! The ,u ,i.im i:,,.; n, dor Droiicr rcculation oil uroduc
Oregon Legislature, he said, is lion a"d recital ion can be com
with finding oil Ihaniand drilling methods will 'not re
sult in the destruction of Oregon's
scenic coast line.
more concerned as to whether we
even have oil."
"We don't have public funds for
exploration, he said. "We havcislate's beaches
to depend on private conipanies'developmcnt.
whether it will permit the exten
sion of oil pipelines over the
for lideland oil
to do this
If it is determined that oil is
present in Oregon, the public in
terest uould be protected through
me proper rovallies, he said
The governor said that if a com
pany conies into Oregon and
spends $1 million on exploration
As chairman of the state Land resources."
pletely compatible
"Our principle interest at this
stage of (lie game," Appling said,
"should bi? to develop our natural
Roard, which would handle anv
offshore oil leasing, Hatfield said
he was in agreement with the1
fundamental principles expressed
by Francis J. Hortig
Slate Treasurer Howard Bolton.
the third member of the board,
said "1 have been conscious of
the fact that these modern meth
ods i of drilling) are not as oh
Hortig. executive officer of the ieclionable as they were 30 or 40
California Lands Commission, Ivcars aco."
Hatfield said modern exploration
Klamath Falls
thenjhe state has an obligation said that Oregon should lie more
HERALD AM) NEWS,
Ore.
Sunday, January 8, 1961
PAGE 7-A
SHEEP CALM HORSES
NEW YORK (AP)-Goats, roos
ters, dogs and cats have been
(ompanions for the thoroughbred
but in South Africa two trainers
have discovered that sheep have
calming effect on horses.
Fleur, a high strung Cape Town
horse, and Exultant, a Johannes
burg horse, havo been sleeping
uiu eating with sheep as com
panions, report the South Afri
can Wool Roard.
Mary's
Bargain Shoppe
MOVING TO
4709 So. 6th
Not la . 1th Looker!
S5BTIHB1M.
its guns could command the ship
channel leading into the harbor.
Cadets from the Charleston Cita
del were called upon to construct
the smokestack and the w alking-
beam.
The ship kept going until she
this battery in the sand hills and.was ncar Fort Mouitrie. Thcn hcr
man its guns.
It was hardly finished when in
formation leaked out from Wash
captain saw a steamer towing an
armed sailing vessel coming to
ward hun. He quickly chanced
ington that the federal govern- his mind and ordered the wheel
ment was sending a chartered , swunc over. The Star of the West
turned and headed back.
The cadets on Morris Island
cheered but never slackened their
loading and firing. When they had
fired 17 shots in all, the steamer
steamship, the Star of the West,
to Charleston with troops to re
inforce Anderson's garrison. Sup
plies and ammunition would ob
viously come with them.
The night of Jan. 8-9 was a; was out of range and the guns
tense one in Charleston. The city
was swarming with soldiers and
recruiting posters were urging all
able-bodied men to join the Army
of the Republic of South Carolina.
Guard-boats patrolled the dark
waters of the harbor; except for1
a small light on Fort Sumter, all
buoys and navigational aids had
been removed; and. since it was
the dark of the moon the night
was unusually black.
Sentinels on Morris Island
where the cadets from the Cita
del stood ready to use their new
ly mounted guns, kept looking
out to sea, eager to spot the re
lief ship from the North. The
steamship Governor Clinch had
run outside in order to announce
the arrival of the Star of
West by firing rockets.
The federal relief ship had ar
rived off the harbor at 1:30 a.m.,
Jan. 9, but since she carried no
lights no one saw her in the dark
had night. She wailed until the sky
began to lighten; then she
lurnea lowara me entrance io ine,(jon
harbor. The Governor Clinch ran
in ahead of hcr, displaying one
blue and two red signal lights and:
sending up rockets as she went.
Bugles blew in the cadets'
camp at Morris Island, and a red
palmetto flag was run up to greet
the dawn. The young cadets grim
ly took their places at their guns
and watched the Star of the West
come oip the channel with her big
twin paddlcwhecls making the wa
ter foam.
As she came within range, a
cannon cracked angrily in the
dawn light, smoke drifted over
the sand dunes and a solid shot
went bounding across the water
in front of the rapidly advancing
steamer. She did not slow down
at the warning, but displayed1 a
huge American flag.
The cadets kept firing. One of
their shots hit the steamer's hull
a glancing blow just below the
fore-chains, where a sailor was
quieted down.
The first cannon shots of the
Civil War had been fired. While
they roared out, the guns at Fort
Sumter had remained sileifl. In
just 93 days on April 1 they
too, would speak to answer the
guns in the surrounding forts
Only 93 days of peace were left
During that short time, many
young men would plow their fields
for the last time, and some of
the fields they plowed would grow
a strange new crop.
CHARLESTON
EXTRA:
i't4 . lnnaM W LIS e'rtork, P..W.
' '- .4 ORDIS 4.YCE . ..
T lUuatm Srtavr : "Tnlc pf SmUh Cttrotlnd mt
i : Other XnU$ wtltrj trltk ker r I If ntuifmrt ratttal TV .
I " . . ' . '
ONLT ABOUT six ot these Charleston secession
posters are known to exist. A good one is worth mora
than $1,000.
Filibuster Fight Holds Spotlight
D-Ga , told newsmen the South
erners were "not stalling." He
added that as a practical matter
WASHINGTON (API The per- A spokesman for the Southern
u. unnial fiohl to Avi. means nf blOC, ten. Richard B. KUSSell
choking off filibusters holds center-stage
In the Senate.
In the wings, activity mounts as
bushels of bills are introduced,
some of them considered top pri
ority by the incoming administra-
of President-elect John F.
Kennedy.
A lull in the filibuster fight oc
curs today when the House and
Senate meet in joint session. They
will count the votes cast by presi
dential electors in their state
Capitols on Dec. 19.
To no one's surprise, Kennedy
will be proclaimed the winner.
The announcement will be made
by the man he defeated, Vice
President Richard M. Nixon.
On the filibuster front, the Sen-
ale agreed Thursday by voice i
vote to take up the proposed rules
changes.
Senators proposing a clamp on
filibusters maintained at a new
is required.
Among bills introduced in the
Senate Thursday were these:
A $389.5-million measure for de
pressed areas. Sen. Paul H. Don li
ne coum noi see now any voie(iaSi d-111., its chief sponsor, said
it is a top item on the Kennedy
program.
A $1.9-billion federal aid to edu
cation proposal, carrying grants
could be taken before next week
By then, a compromise move
may gain greater backing. This
plan would permit a time limit to
be imposed on debates by three-'for school construction and teach-
fifths of the senators present and er salaries, by Sen. Pat McNa-
votlng. Now a two-thirds margin imara, D-Mich.
U.S. Challenges Russia
To Lower Travel Curbs
WASHINGTON (UPI) - The
United Slates challenged Russia
today to agree to the abolition or
1959.
Among the major changes an
nounced today was the closing to
reduction of travel curbs within1 Soviet nationals and officials of
the tun countries as a major step-1 the cities ot St. Louis, Houston,
toward easing East-West suspi
cions and tensions.
It made the proposal in sug
gesting an early Soviet-American
Phoenix, Cincinnati, Milwaukee,
and Wichita, Kan.
Some major cities previously
closed to the Russians were re
conference to tackle the problem. 'opened. They were San Francis-
;tu . !.. n 1. fct T . '
conference that there was no dan
ger the issue itself could bog
down the Senate past Kennedy's
Jan. 20 inauguration.
co. BrooKlvn. ivewarK, N.J.; Co
lumbus and Canton, Ohio; St
Paul, Minn.; Seattle. Providence,
h.acn country now prohibits nu
lionals of the other from enter
ing certain forbidden areas.
At the same time, the State! R. I., and Syracuse, N.Y.
nnnartmonl annnnnrnit rhnn0os Inl tlnrtoi- Ih npw linpnn 9fi 57 not
The bipartisan group of liberals jlhc areaJ of (he mieA sta(cs cenl of lni, country's Urritory is
iciaimeo nicy couio use a pania-. which are cosed he Russians
heaving a lead to test the depth ""-md' ""'iThe aim was to balance off new
of water. Another passed between Pul9 10 a.vole lf Sou'h.e f6"8' barriers on U.S. travel imposed
p mil, Wm
forbidden to the Russians, com
pared w ith 2B.54 per cent of (he
Soviet Union now closed to Amer
icans.
MAJOR ANDIRSON secretly moves hit garriion to Fort Sumter on tha night ef Dee.
26, I860.
Pre-lnventory Fashion
Clearance
NOW IN PROGRESS
Coats - Suits - Dresses
Children's wear Sportswear
IT'S MARKET BASKET'S BIG
FREEZER
FILLER
Featuring - Nationally Famous,
mm
Quality Proven
"GOOD" Beef
Frozen Foods, and USDA Grade
1. Pick out the beef and frozen foods YOU want.
2. Pay no "membership" fees
3. Receive full guarantee on every product
4. Are assured service by a permanent food store
5. Can use Market Baskets easy budget terms
6. Tell us the way you want your meat cut and wrapped
Locker Pork
Federally Inspected!
Whole Pork
Shoulders
0
USDA Grade "Good" Beef
Government inspected . . . from Klomath'i Finest Beef!
pFR0ZEN
All meatt cut, wrapped, and quick froien fret. Eaiy budget termt with
no payment! till March lt on approved credit.
FOODS
Guaranteed to be the Best Buys We've Ever Offered 1 !
Item j reg. 6 for save 12 fori save 24 for save
Cut Asparagus .45 2.29 .41 4.39 1.01 .
French Gm. Bean TT .25 1.20 .30 2.30 .70 4.50 1.50
Reg. Cut Grn. BeanTTT .25 1.20 .30 2.30 .70 4.50 1.50
Baby or Fordhook 31 m J2 SM 1M
Lima Beans io ...
Broccoli Spears .... .31 1.55 .31 3.00 .72 5.90 1.54
Chopped Broccoli ,oT .23 1.15 .23 2.20 .56 4.10 1.22
Cauliflower . .31 1.55 .31 3.00 .72 5.90 1.54
Wh. Kernel Corn 10... 2.49 1.20 .27 2.30 .64 4.50 1.38
Mixed Veg. .25 1.20 .30 2.30 .70 4.50 1.50
Green Peas .22 1.10 .22 2.15 .49 4.20 1.03
Peas & Carrots ,o... .22 1.10 .22 2.15 .49 40 1.03
Leaf or Chopped TIT .M AA ,
Spinach 1-05 -21 3-90 UA
Orange Juice . .47 2.35 .47 4.60 1.04 9.10 2.18
12 at.
Strawberries ,BP.rM. .25 1.25 .25 2.40 .60 4.70 1.30
10 i. wmm
hmlm Pies
Large 9-inch Apple,
Boyienberry, Cuitard,
Peach, Pumpkin, Mince
Reg. 83c Save 24c
59"
Swanion't Beef, Chicken,
Turkey
Meat Pies
PRICES
EFFECTIVE
Reg. 29c each
Sava
29e
6 for 1.45
12for2.806s.7
24 for 5.50 ft;
Ice Cream
Halt Got
R.e. e OYc
Ssvt 12c 91 Svt 2ec
Gallon
Rg. 1.S Jet
. iM a ALL
I2f 'to. Hs ) Sf6
We Reserve The
Right