HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls, Ore.
Fridav. October 23, 1960
9 AGE S A
Bly Parent-Teachers Hold Meet
BLY A varied program aw ait-club members, won first place at
"1 !!!0SS,who altendcd a meeti"e the Klamath County 4-H Club
of the Bly Parent-Teacher Assoei-1 .. . j
linn hork Fair. Billie Morgan received a
William Pohll talked briefly of
.-H uub work and exhibited
second place award. Murphy and
O'NeU also won second place rib-
display of ribbons and a chart bons at the state fair this year.
with sketched characters con
structed by Jim Watts, a mem
ber of Gearheart 4-H Beef Club.
The ribbons were won by club
members.
'Champion ribbon for the club
The display also contained a blue
ribbon awarded Marian Cline for
her black Angus steer.
Pohll introduced Lorna Rentle,
Mrs. Archie Mitchell, mission
ary from Viet Nam, spoke of
changes she has noticed in this
country after five years abroad.
Watts won a grand She closed the meeting with a
poem and a prayer.
Refreshments were served by
Avis Little, Geneva Morgan, Don
na Pratt and Annie Patzke. Par
ents visited their youngsters
Earth, Stars and Man (6) Age of the Earth
club secretary. She related the . classrooms and visited with their
club's activities and explained its teachers.
projects.
Harry McCoy, 4-H Forestry
Club leader, spoke of his group's
accomplishments. He introduced
his co - leader, Earl Fishburn,
range conservationist.
. Jon Murphy and Jack O'Neil,
Art Museum
Names Chief
2 DAY
Service
V f IWiOln CHAD
704 MAIN ST and TOWHACOUNTIV
' I
PORTLAND (AP) ; - Mrs. Ra
chael Griffin is the new curator
of the Portland Art Museum, suc
ceeding Francis J. Newton who
was moved up to director last
spring.
Mrs. Griffin, a graduate of the
University of Oregon, has been on
the museum staff since 1950.
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THREE
EARLY
MEASURING
METHODS
THE EARTH -HOW OLD ?
RUTH ER FORDS
URANIUM -700
TUB
ATOMIC
METHOD
by Don Oakley and John Lane
A MOLTEN WORLD:
20-40 MILLION YEARS.
ASALTVSEA:
90-90 MILLION YEARS.
A STRATIFIED
CRUST". 0O
MILLION YEARS
MILLION YEARS.
In the 17th century, Archbishop Usshcr of
Ireland, set the date for the beginning of the
world at 4004 B.C. Another Biblical scholar
further refined it to 9 a.m., October 23, of the
same year. Pious men felt that the matter was
closed, but students of the earth were un
convinced. Now, 300 years later, the real
answer seems to have been found.
In the 19th century, attempts were made to
deduce the age of the earth by estimating the
amount of salt that had washed into the oceans
and by measuring the thickness of sedimentary
rocks. In 1897, however, the British physicist
Lord Kelvin, assuming that the earth had
begun as a molten ball, arrived at the figure
of 20 to 40 rmllion years as the time needed
B0LTW00DS
LEAD -2.2
BILLION
YEARS.
for it to cool to its present temperature.
Geologists felt that this was too low, but
had no way of disproving it. Chemists and
physicists came to the rescue. Near the turn
of the century, the phenomenon of radio
activity was discovered.
In 1902, a young New Zealander, Ernest
Rutherford, announced that radioactivity was
the spontaneous changing of certain atoms into
wholly different atoms at a steady rate. This
gave a new way to measure the age of minerals
and the earth of which they were a part. His
figure of 700 million years as the age of a
chunk of uranium shook all the previous ideas.
But by 1906 this age had been trebled.
Chemist B. B. Boltwood of Yale discovered that
uranium decays into ordinary lead. He meas-
Man Held As Justice Fugitive
John Lee Copeland, 27, 4209deputies Wednesday for running a
Frieda Street, is being held in stop sign and given a $7.50 fine
the county jail as a fugitive from Thursday in district court. He M
justice. wanted in Bakarsfielrl. California.
He was picked up by sheritf'sjon a non-support charge.
ured the lead content of a sample of rock and
found it to be over two billion years old.
Scientists have since found numerous other
similar "rock clocks" and have doubled the
figure again.
New information has come in a dramatic
way. Meteorites, possibly fragments of a former
planet, have been measured at 4.5 billion years.
Since they were probably created at the same
lime as the earth, they imply that the earth is
at least that old.
It is against this tremendous background that
the search for the origin of life goes on. The
story now turns to the paleontologists and
biologists the cosmic detectives who study the
record of living things.
NEXT: Fossils and Fancies
Foul-up Delayed High way Construction Work In Ohio
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Editors Note A million-dollar
road failure, a grand jury investi
gation, and an administrative
mixup these are an unfortunate
byproduct in some states of the
vast program to build a S-ll-bil-lion
network of superhighways.
They are examined in this third
of a four-part series on progress
and problems of the project.
By BEM PRICE
AP StafI Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) Some of
the problems encountered in the
nation's huge highway construc
tion program may be illustrated
by a look at experiences in New
Mexico, Missouri and Ohio.
New Mexico has had a series
of investigations and scandals,
ncluding a $l-million road failure.
In submitting claims to the U.S.
Bureau of Public Roads for re
imbursement, the slates paper
work was deemed so inadequate
that the federal government
withholding payments of nearly
$6 million.
In Missouri, a federal grand
jury at St. Louis has begun an
inciuirv into alleged collusion
among suppliers of highway steel.
The investigation followed com
plaints from contractors that cer
tain steel suppliers retused to bio
ed: "Contractors who object to finder any pressure, that he w as
state-employed project engineer I demoted because of his "inability
decisions carry their appeals di-to supervise construction prop
rect to the highway commission erly."
or chief engineer and people at j Adams built the road at Lords-
the top have often overruled the burg, N.M., which is now classed
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appeared to be rigged. Nine com
panies are involved.
In Ohio, the construction pro
gram under its present director,
Everett Preston, seems to be
leveling out toward an orderly
$300 million-a-year business but
it was not always quite so orderly.
When Preston took office in
February 1959, he discovered that
the previous administration had
let 21 last-minute highway "con
tracts. He discovered also that the
contractors couldn't go to work
because the stale had failed to
acquire rights-of-way.
Work was delayed three to six
months. No one has yet analyzed
whether the land for these 21
projects cost more than it would
have cost under normal proce
dures.
Like many states, Ohio also has
a land problem. Right now there
are over 1,000 cases pending in
court. Under the previous admin
istration, the state made offers to
purchase land on a take-it-or-i
leave-it basis. Many land owners
left it and went to court where
juries have proved generous. I
Another factor apparently has
complicated. Ohio's land problem.
Hay J. Gla.e, Highway Depart
ment attorney, said in an inter
view some evidence exists that a
few attorneys had been soliciting
land suits from disgruntled own
ers. Glaze added, however, that the
solicitation a violation of Ameri
can Bar Association canons was
done so subtly it would be almost
impossible to prove. 1
Some Ohioans are still grumb
ling over the 11-month delay in
opening a leg of the Interstate
route between Columbus and
Cleveland. The delay has been at
tributed to a contracting firm
which was overextended finan-j
cially but was nevertheless pcr
mitled to complete the work.
In New Mexico, a wide variety
of problems arose. It has had a
Sl-million road failure. At least
four other roads in the state are
what the engineers call in a state
of distress.
The Stale Highway Department
is not under civil service and,
therefore, there is little job secu
rity. Who gels what job is often
a matter of politics. Over the past
10 years there have been 61 occu
pants in the department's 11 lop
appointive jobs.
On July 15, 1939. L. D. Wilson
resigned as chief engineer, com
plaining the highway commission
ers had asked him to "do tilings
bordering on the dishonest." Wil
son, now in Alaska, has offered
to testify under oath.
A state legislative committeei.Iack Adams for extra work per-
hired the management consultant formed. Jordan said he didn't
firm of Booz-Allen and Hamilton think Adams was entitled to the
of San Francisco to study the money.
highway department,
Among other things, it report-
The present chief engineer, D.B.
Dixon, says Jordan was not put
project engineers.
On July 24, 1959, Commissioner
H. E. Leonard requested the
transfer of an assistant district
engineer, John Roberts, from Al
buquerque. Wilson, then chief en
gineer, said the transfer was
made because Roberts was too
tough on contractors. Leonard de
nied this.
Last August, Paris Jordan, as
sistant district engineer at Ros
well, resigned rather than accept
a demotion. He said he had been
put under pressure to approve
payment of $6,000 to contractor
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as a failure. On this project, the
federal government is withholding
payment of more than $200,000 un
til the road is brought up to fed
eral standards. The state has paid
Adams in full.
Involved was a $1,0)111.000 con
tracta stretch of four-lane high
way running nearly 4'j miles
through the town of Lordshurg
which began settling, cracking,
and developing potholes belore it
was half completed in 1958. Con
crete sidewalks, gutters and curbs
settled or buckled.
The state estimates another
$477,000 will be needed lo put the
road in shape. (The federal gov
eminent says a highway should
lie trouble-free for 20 years with
normal maintenance.)
There were other headaches on
New Mexico's part of the big high
way program. Stretches of U.S.
85 at Belen and Glorieta suffered
early loss of stone chips mixed
into the top coat lo provide trac
tion. Slick pavement resulted.
Projects at Santa Rosa and Top
of The World, near Grants, have
developed cracks and potholes.
Those roads are less than three
years old. Some New Mexico
roads are so slick that speed lim
its are reduced in wet weather.
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