HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls. Ore.
Frirlav. Aucust 14. 1959
PAGE 9 A
Bands Of
WASHINGTON (NEA) Scores
: of criminals are discovering each
year that a prison sentence in
stead of a pot of gold lies at the
end of the rainbow. FBI agents
have learned how to use the multi
colored band of light to track them
down.
This conversion of one of na
ture's scenic wonders into a crime
detection device is accomplished
by two amazing contraptions in
the FBI's Washington. DC, lab
oratory. They are the spectro
. graph and the spectrophotometer.
They are standard instruments
in most physical and chemical
laboratories, but their application
. to criminal detection is not gener
' ally known.
One of their uses at the FBI
; Is to identify tiny unknown bits
' of evidence found at crime scenes
. Another is to compare tell-tale
' clues, such as threads, slivers of
. metal and spots of paint with sim
ilar material found on a suspect
They are phenomenally accurate.
The spectrograph is used to
loenuiy me metallic elements in
substances like paint, glass and
- metal alloys. Here's how it works:
The substance is placed between
two electrodes and set on fire with
! an electric arc. Light from the
burning object is funneled through
a small slit to strike a prism.
When it passes through the prism
. it is separated into its compon
ent colors.
Each color has a different light
frequency or wave length which
is registered on a photographic
plate as a black line called a spec
trum line. Each natural element
nas us own cnaracteristic spec
trum line. Thus, by checking the
lines on the chart, an agent
can determine the exact chemical
make-up of the evidence.
v One famous case, which the
spectrograph helped solve, in
volved a Jacksonville, 111., butcher
who was gunned down in a rob
bery. As the robber fired, the
victim took a swing at him with
a meat cleaver. The cleaver only
struck the gunman s overcoat
Sleeve.
When police located a suspect,
they sent his overcoat and the
meat cleaver to the FBI lab.
Agents found a brown -rabbit hair
on the instrument. Several brown
rabbit hairs were also found in
the cloth of the coat.
A spectrographic comparison
was made. It showed that the hair
on the cleaver had been colored
with the same metallic dye used
to color the rabbit hairs on the
coat. The suspect confessed.
Spectrophotometers are u s e d
to identify and compare "non
metallic substances. There are four
types of these instruments vis
ible, infrared, ultraviolet and
X-ray. .
The visual spectrophotometer is
often used to compare different
samples of paint or dye to deter
mine if they could have come
from the same object. The device
contains an incandescent light
which is focused on the face of
a prism. As in the spectrograph,
the prism breaks the light down
into the colors of the rainbow
The sample of evidence, which
has been prepared in the form of
a transparent solution, is then
placed under each color of light.
Another instrument records the
percentage of wave lengths from
each color that are' absorbed by
the sample. Each element will ab
sorb a different amount of the var
ious light rays. . ,
The results are automatically
tabulated on a graph. Thus, sanv
pies that produce identical graphs
were colored with the same aye.
This is often a strong indication
that they came from the same
object.
During one Ohio burglary in
vestigation, police found that a bot
tle of red ink had been spilled at
the scene of the crime. A suspect
was arrested and red stains found
on his clothes. The stained cloth
and a sample from the ink bot
tle were sent to the FBI lab. They
were compared under the spectro
photometer. The lest showed that
they contained the same dye.
The infrared ray and ultra vio
let ray spectrophotometers are
used to identify and compare sub
stances like rubber, plastics and
drugs. Like the visible spectropho
tometer, they identify substances
by recording how much of the
rays the samples absorb.
JThe X-ray spectrophotometer is
used to identify crystals. It reveals
the identity of an unknown crys
talline compound bj recording how
the rays bend when striking the
sample.
Aid FBI
Light
TECHNICIAN PREPARES a minute specimen of paint for
analysis on the FBI laboratory's spectograph.
i""r 11,1 " 1 i , I
Advent Of Atomic Plane Speeded
DR. G. E. MEYER pours the new radiation-resistant rubber
at room temperature. Next to tho beaker Is a piece of the
rubberized shielding. Meyer heads the group that developed
the material at Goodyear Tire and Rubber.
.rums of mrmmeoiATe rano?
BMUSnCMISSIlfS BASfS 11 tUOOPE
ON HAND TAoNODDtR J7 NFGOT IAT1ANS
POSSWLF RUSSIAN
j jj JSfcT ' ' - " pnaoasra strrs
FRANCE wa
By RAY CROMLEY
WASHINGTON IN E A) - A
strange new kind of rubber just
developed may revolutionize atom
ic travel and atomic defense.
It promises to make feasible an
atom-powered airplane within the
next three to four years.
It eventually will make possi
ble atom-powered tanks, trains,
and conceivably even an atom
powered automobile.
It may speed man's space trav
el by years.
It will make it practical tor the
first time to make key buildings in
major cilirs virtually radiation
proof, thus save millions of lives
in the event of a Soviet nuclear
attack on the U.S.
The new rubber, developed by
Goodyear Tire and Rubber, is
light in weight but absorbs ra
diation and withstands very low
and very high temperatures.
Its major value is its lightness.
The groat barrier today in build
ing an atomic plane is weight. It
now takes a great deal of very
heavy Irad shielding to protect the
crew. These lead shields wo u 1 d
make an atomic plane so heavy it
couldn t go very fast, nor carry
much.
This weight handicap, likewise.
would make atomic tanks, atomic
space ships, trains, or small atom
ic submarines impractical. The
great amount of shielding neces
sary today would make the radia
tion-proofing of large numbers of
buildings so expensive as to be ri
diculous.
The new rubber contains a large
amount of hydrogen o slow down
the neutrons, and a sizeable
amount of powdered metal, to stop
the neutrons dead once the hydro
gen has slowed them. Only a thin
layer of lead behind the rubber is
necessary to slop the gamma rays,
the X-ray type.
Alpha and beta rays are no wor
ry-
It's the hard-hitting neutrons
that are today's major problem. It
takes a very thick lead shield to
stop them. They do a man a lot
of damage. Gamma rays are dev
astating to man, too, but behind
this rubber shield, a thin lead lay
er is enough.
The rubber is light, inexpensive.
Desertion
Case Mulled
SEATTLE (API - William A.
Snell. 47, of Roseburg. Ore., who
pleaded guilty last month to de
sertion in time of war. is being
held here pending a review of his
case, the Navy said Thursday.
Snell, also known as Floyd El
mer Butler, was arrested in Rose
burg March 23 and brought to
Sand Point Naval Air Station here
lor court martial.
He was charged with deserting
l'.M4 from Camp Shoemaker,
Calif. Snell pleaded guilty July 29
and a court martial board recom
mended a dishonorable discharge.
a sentence of six months at hard
labor and a reduction in rating.
He was a ship's clerk 3-C at Camp
Shoemaker.
The Navy said Rear Adm.
Frank Watkins. commandant of
the 13th Naval District, is review
ing the sentence and can either
approve it or recommend its low
ering.
The admiral's report would be
sent to another board of review in
San Francisco.
It can be poured into place and
made solid there.
Goodyear men are toying with
the idea of pouring it between the
outer and inner walls of large
buildings as contactors pump
insulation into an old house. The
rubber would be allowed to set.
Thin lead shielding could be at
tached without great difficulty.
Thus, at relatively low cost, the
men and women in a b u i 1 d i n t
could be protected.
Of course, anyone too close to
an atomic explosion would still be
killed by the blast.
The new rubber likewise offers
possibilities for protecting rescue
workers in radioactive areas after
an attack. Emergency automobiles
and trucks could be covered with
the new material. They'd be able
to rush into a radioactive area
quickly. Rescue workers could
wear suits of the rubber with
hood. With the lead lining, they'd be
rather clumsy, but safe.
There's even hope that some day
a practical lighter-weight, radiation-proof
suit can be developed
for shock troops, combat soldiers
who would push quickly into dangerously-radioactive
areas.
In Canton, China, more than
500,000 people live in river house
boats, according to Encyclopedia
Brilannica.
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Scuttling Of West Plans Aim Of Red's Khrushchev
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
With threats of retaliation, Ni
kita Khrushchev is trying to scut
tle plans of the West to ring
Russia with missile 'launching
sites. ,
A glance at a map" and" some
quick calculations make it' clear
why the Soviet premier is work
ing so hard to convince mem
bers of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) that they
should refuse United States offers
of intermediate range ballistic
missiles (lRBMs),
The range of the IRBM is 1,500
miles. Armed with nuclear war
heads, they could' rain devastation
on much of Russia from launch
ing sites in Western Europe (see
map). i
The NATO missile plan has
barely gotten started, however.
Great Britain has four squadrons
of Thor IRBMs, (each handling 15
missiles. But they are not ready
to fire. Defense Secretary Neil
McElroy said in late April it has
taken longer "to prepare the bases
and to install ground equipment
than was originally anticipated."
Italy, a greed last March to ac
cent IRBMs. Two squadrons oi
Jupiter missiles will be stationed
in northern Italy near Milan, it
will be some time before these
are ready to fire.
Negotiations are under way to
locate IRBMs on Greek soil, but
no agreement has been reached.
NATO has proposed placing
IRBM's in The Netherlands,
France and Turkey. So Jar, only
Turkey has announced its willing
ness to accept them.
When a nation accepts missiles,!
it agrees that any decision to fire
them will require the joint ap
proval of its government and
NATO's supreme headquarters.
President Eisenhower told Con
gress the program was undertak
en because Russia "left no doubt
that the most modern and de
structive weapons of all times
were being introduced into the
Soviet armed forces."
He also said, "The introduction
of modern weapons into NATO
forces should be no cause for con
cern on the part of other na
tions since NATO is a purely de
fensive alliance." " .
Khrushchev obviously doesn't
agree.
On May 26, while visiting Al
bania, the Russian leader said:
If the governments of Italy and
Greece permit the Americans to
set up rocket bases on their terri
tory then it is possible that we
will be forced to arrange with the
government of , , ., Albania to
set up something against them.
And it you put medium range
rockets in Albania, they will be
able to cover all Italy."
LONE RANGERETTES FEARED
HOLLYWOOD (UPI) - The
Lone Ranger expressed some fear
today that the next generation's
cowboys may all be girls. He
hopes not, but, he said, they're
leading two to one in a contest
to find the child who can yell the
loudest: "Hi Yo Silver!"
village Short-circuited
COLUMBUS, Ohio (UPI) - A
court ruled Wednesday that one
electric current may not be forced
to check up . on the activities of
another electric current. The vil
lage of Minerva lost its fight to
force the Ohio Edison Co. to sup
ply power for one clock in the
Minerva Municipal Light and
Power Co. plant. The village said
it wanted the outside - power
fluctuations.
Back in Moscow in early June,
Khrushchev said: "I believe that
the governments of Italy and
Greece will be sensible and will
not agree to subject their peo
ples to danger." He also warned
"To put rocket installations into
motion means to start a world
war, to ' plunge the peoples of
peaceful countries into its abyss."
Khrushchev proposed a "rocket
free, non-atomic zone" in the Bal
kans. A few days later, he pro
posed a similar zone in the Bal
tic Sea area, suggesting that Den
mark and Norway withdraw from
NATO.
A year ago, Foreign Minister
Adam Rapacki of Poland with
Russia's backing proposed a nu
clear-free zone in central Europe.
Nothing came of that plan for
the same reason nothing is likely
to come of Khrushchev's: West
ern doubts that Russia is sincere.
While the Rapacki plan was be
ing debated, Norwegian military
officials said they had information
that Russia already had built
IRBM launching platforms in
East Germany, Poland and Czech
oslovakia. A short while later,
West 'Germany charged that a So
viet rocket fortress, armed with
IRBMs and other nuclear wea
pons, was being erected in East
Prussia.
And a year before Khrushchev
threatened to send missiles to At
bania, diplomatic informants in
Washington! said they had infor-
mation that the Russians were
constructing missile launching sites
at the Albanian port of Valona
ROCK N ROLL
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featuring In Person
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Klamath Falls
AUDITORIUM
MON., AUG. 17
$2.00 Per Person '
THANK YOU, TOO
KALAMAZOO, Mich. (UPI) -Ward
Kyle opened his farm mail
box and found the spotlight which
had been stolen from his son's
truck. With it was this note
"Your spotlight didn't fit, so we
are returning it. Thank you for
your cooperation."
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