HERALD An NEWS. Klamath Falls. Ovt
Wrrlnrsrlav. Anrjist S. 1P'f
PAGE 9 A
.... Canada
" ,
V s9 OAS Council Headquarters
United States vL-
MAVirn
S r I
uuaremaia
El Salvado
Costa Rl
Pana
Dominican
HaUiRepublie
Honduras
gua
Venezuela,
Members of
rtit Organization
of American
Slates
Br. Guiana
Neth.
Guiana
Foreign ministers
of OAS nations
will meet in mid
August to review
Caribbean unrest
mo-M i-fegjfr. Guian
Colombia A t-"7 J A
Ecuador I
Brazil
nter-American Treaty of
Reciprocal Assistance
signed Sept. 2, 1947
.Bolivia-'
Santiago
fi Paraguay
Chile 4
Argentina
Uruguay
Ts
Pin it JoneiiO
AP Ntwif.clur..
mn
iti
Ssdly Rseslfs
f Atomic
TOKYO tLTIi Japan has not which
forgotten not hy a Ions shot : ins in
Latin American Fire Alarm
Sounds Again For Council
WASHINGTON Wl - Twenty onej
dark-suited diplomats gather reg
ularly around a U-shaped green
baize covered table in the cream
and crystal "Hall of the Ameri
cas" here.
They talk 18 in Spanish and one
each in English, French and Portu
gesewhile a slim handful of spec
tators watch, and tourists wander
through, curious but uncompre
hending. This is the Council of the Or
ganization of American Stales
(OAS), the directive body of one
of the world's oldest and some
say least known international or
ganizations. The 21 ambassadors represent
the 21 republics of the Americas,
united in the OAS (see map) to
preserve peace and promote prog
ress in the hemisphere.
The fire alarm that there is the
possibility of war within the Amer
icassounds when a nation which
eels menaced appeals to the coun
cil.
It asks, generally, that the coun
cil invoke the Inter - American
Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance,
signed September 2, 1947, in Rio
de Janeiro, and call a meeting of
foreign ministers to consider this
threat to peace.
Meanwhile the OAS council itself
can act usually hy sending on-the-spot
investigators who can
bring the two parties together. But
it also can request other mem
bers . to furnish armed forces
planes, ships and men if it feels
that necessary.
Alternative procedures permit
reference of the dispute to a five
nation peace committee, or, in
more serious cases, a convocation.
Eight times since the Rio pact
was signed, the fire alarm has
rung. There was a 1948 dispute
between Costa Rica and Nicara
gua; a 1950 situation involving Hai
ti and the Dominican Republic;
the Guatemalan situation in 1954:
a dispute between Costa Rica and
Nicaragua in 1955, and Honduras
and Nicaragua in 1957.
In each case, the OAS acted
promptly. Both President Eisen
hower and the late Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles have said
it -was one of the Iree world's
most effective organizations.
Dulles, in fact, was fond of not
ing that the OAS provided the pat
tern for the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and for the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza
tion tSEATO).
This year because of the wave
i of unrest touched off by Cuba's
successful revolution has been one
of crisis for the OAS. In late
April, Panama invoked the Rio
pact. An OAS mission arranged
the surrender of 80 invaders.
Then, in June, Nicaragua made
a similar request. An information!
committee prepared a report.
Early in July, the Dominican
Republic denounced Cuba and
Venezuela for plotting against it,
and asked the application of the
Rio pact.
rtiter tenginy acnaie tne council France late this month
decided the foreign ministers hadprosjdc-nt Charles de
ke To Visit
NATO Powers
best review the whole Caribbean;
situation. The ministers now arc
scheduled to meet in Santiago,
Chile, around mid-August.
The fire-fighting political activi
ties, of course, are only a part of
the work of the OAS. In recent
years, it has sought with some
success to play a more important
role in economic affairs.
A special council "Committee of
21 in late April listed more than
30 projects for OAS help in speed
ing economic development. This
program is an addition to existing
technical assistance and scholar
ship programs. -
OAS dates back to the 182C,
Congress of Panama, called by
South American liberator Simon
Bolivar. But it did not actually
become a going thing the Pan
American Union until after an
1889 conference in Washington.
Ihe ran American Union was
expanded into the Organization of
American States at a 1948 confer
ence of foreign ministers in Bogo
ta, Colombia. The ministers draft
ed a charter for the organization.
drawing upon older inter-America
treaties and precedents, including
the Rio pact.
In reviewing the accomplish
ments of the organization, Eisen
hower once remarked:
Ours is an historic and mean
ingful unity. It has Deen for our
whole continent an honest and
productive unity. It can be for
other areas of the world a pro-'
phetic and inspiring unity. For it is
triumphant testimony, before all
the world, that peace and trust
and fellowship can rule the con
duct of all nations, large and small,
who will respect the life and dig
nity of each other."
PARIS 'API President Eisen
howcr is expected to meet with
representatives of all the North
t Atlantic powers when he visits
to see
Gaulle.
Some circles were suggesting that
Eisenhower attend a meeting of
the 15-natinn North Atlantic Coun
cil at which the NATO foreign
ministers represent their countries.
VIHl'S
LONDON (API British scien
tists claim they have isolated a
virus that develops trachoma
the greatest single cause of bilnd
"ncss and for the first time
proved it by developing the di
sease in a human volunteer.
that 14 years ago this week the I
atomic age was launched with the
death of 78,150 persons in Hiro
shima. Japan.
But sliahtly, ecr so slightly,
public opinion is changing.
The Japanese si t II are horror
stricken over that lirst atomic
bomb strike on Hiroshima on
Aug. B, 14.", where, in addition
to the staggering death toll.
U.i persons were injured and 13.
were listed as missing.
The Hiroshima attack was fol
lowed three days later hy the sec
ond atomic bomb attack on Naga
saki in which 73,884 persons were
killed. Five days later Japan sur
rendered. !
The Japanese are hardly al-,
lowed to forget the twin honor,
because many still are dying ol
the diseases caused by atomic
radiation and this always makes
news in Japan.
But the fervor against atomic
weapons is slowly calming. j
In Japan, the only country ever
to suffer atomic warlarci the
anli-nuciear weapon campaign
has not always been in sole pos
session of the Communists and
their fellow travelers as has been
the case in many other countries.
Indeed, Tory Party leaders, from
Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi
on down, have issued statements
from time to time deploring
atomic weapons. Japan's United
Nations delegation has been in the
forefront of Ihe campaign to out
law atomic tests.
This year, two significant
events have taken place which
have great bearing and effect
upon public opinion so far as it
regards Ihe anti-nuclear weapons
campaign.
They are:
1. The Hiroshima Prefectiiral
Assembly voted to cut olf subsi
dies to the Japan Council Against
Aliinic and Hydrogen Bombs
is holding its annual meet
Hiroshima Ihis week.
The e
ed to dr.
s of the
up plans
council
to op-
IMie tlie revision of the l'.S.-Ja-!campaign with the "U.S. -Japan se-lpeddle the line that
pan security treaty as part of its
anli-nuciear campaign.
'I he first move shows clearly
thai Japanese government ofli
cials at last are beginning to dis
asMiciate themselves from Ihe
council. The second move shows
.iusl as clearly that the left-wing
ers finally have captured the
; group.
! By misin
the anli-nuciear
revision, of
the security treaty will open up
Japan for the introduction of nu
clear weapons. This, according to
Tory leaders and Americans who
should know, is patently false.
Actually, although It never has
been defined publicly or olficial-
eurily treaty revisions negotia
tions, the council leaders have of-
tended a large segment of Japa
nese public opinion who feel
sliongly that there is no connec
tion helween the two issues. The
leltist leadership of the anti-bomb
council has become so pronounced ly, American olficials are leaning
that it has offended many sober,
middle-of-the-road backers
These left-wingers are trying to
more and more toward the idea
that it would be better to keep
nuclear weapons out of Japan.
g "P
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WASHINGTON (API - Federal
employment dropped 118 persons
in fiscal 1959 which ended June
30, Sen. Harry F. Byrd (D-Va)
reported today. The total was 2,-
367,104 June 30, 1958, and 2,366,-
987 a year later.
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