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HERALD ANT) NEWS. KLAMATH FALLS. OREG05?
WEDNESDAY. JA WARY 21. 195a
Military Orders Silence
In Discussing Nerve Gas
By ROGER GREENE
WASHINGTON (AP) - Could a
few ounces of lethal germ crystals
wipe out the population of New
York City even annihilate all
life on the North American Continent?
Could plague germs spread by
in enemy touch off a nationwide
epidemic?
Could enemy planes or saba
teurs destroy this country's crops
and livestock, reducing the land to
starvation?
The truth about gas and germ
warlare is shrouded in secrecy
and mystery.
Last May the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization warned in an
official report: "The Russians are
capable of waging biological
(germ) and chemical warfare on
large scale."
But the United States' policy on
the use of these fearful weapons
Is top secret, says the Pentagon.
One high Pentagon official puts
it bluntly: "We're scared to death
even to mention germ warfare."
One man who presumably,
should have the answers is Maj.
Gen. Marshall Stubbs. chief of
the Army Chemical Corps.
It took seven wer';s for the Pen
tagon to approve a newsman's in
terview with Gen. Stubbs. The
event turned out to be little more
than a handshaking formality.
Stubbs said frankly he would
like to clear up many poinls of
confusion but had been ordered to
observe strict silence.
A written question was submit
ted to the Pentagon asking if we
have enough biological warfare
weapons now to combat the ene
my if they used them first. After
25 days came back the reply:
"The Chemical Corps has a ca
pability in biological .warfare."
In such an atmosphere of se
crecy, it is little wonder that the
most lurid distortions and conflict
ing statements about germ war
fare go virtually unchallenged.
Item Dr. Brock Chisholm, director-general
of the United Na
tions' World Health Organization.
says scientists have discovered a
substance so deadly that seven
ounces would be enough to kill all
the people in the world.
Item Army pamphlet No. fl-12
entitled "What You Should Know
About Biological warfare: No
Crew 'Chutes;
All Survive
OLATHE. Kan. Wl A flaming
engine on a Navy patrol bomber
forced 11 men to bail out in a
snowstorm Tuesday. AH landed
safely.
The plane crashed and burned
In a pasture near Ottawa. Kan.
The two-engine Neptune, based at
Glenview (III.) Naval Air Station,
was on a training mission to San
Diego, Calif., when the left engine
caught fire SO miles northeast of
Kansas City.
The Olathe Naval Air Station,
southwest of Kansas City, started
to guide the plane to a landing by
radar, but the fire was too hot.
A veteran of three previous
emergency jumps, Lt. Cmdr. E. J.
Funk of San Lorenzo, Calif., was
the pilot.
"I shut off the engine and
feathered the prop," Funk said.
"The fire seemed to go out.
"We dropped from 12,000 to
1.000 feet as we approached
Olathe. Then the fire started
again. I unfealhered the prop to
try to blow out the names. It
didn't work.
"When the blaze kept getting
hotter, I gave orders to bail out.'
The other 10 men dived into the
snowstorm from a rear hatch.
Funk was cut off by the explo
sions amidship so he went out
through the nose wheel hatch.
The 11 men were strung out
Over 10 miles when they landed.
Besides Funk the crewmen were
Lt. T. J. Miller, Manchester, Ind.,
co-pilot: AD2 J. P. Klaus. 38. Chi
cago, and AD1 George Mulcahy,
Mount Prospect, III.
Their passengers were Cmdr.
W. H. Longley. 42, Aledo. 111.: Lt.
Cmdr. Richard C. Thommen, 36.
Park Ridge, HI.; Lt. R. H. Wright,
S3, Bloomlield, Iowa; Lt. Charles
D. Walker, 29, Glenview NAS; Lt.
H. K. Cooke. 33, Dover, N. J.; Lt.
J. J. Puttkammer. 25. Milwaukee,
and ADC W. R. Braun, 37, Chicago.
kind of biological warfare could
Kill or sicken every person in a
large area or city. Talk of one
ounce of toxic material kill
ing millions is silly."
Item The British Medical
Journal says two or three drops
of nerve gas on the skin will kill
within 30 minutes; one drop in the
eye or a tiny amount inhaled as
vapor kills in a few minutes.
Item Chemical Warfare Serv
ice handbook, issued by the Army
Chemical Center at Edgewood
Arsenal, Md.: "A single droplet
of nerve gas in a person's eye
could kill him.
Hem Col. D. G. Brothaus,
commanding officer at the Army's
Rocky Mountain Arsenal where
nerve gas is manufactured:
"Nerve gas does not have the su
per-powerful attributes that some
writers would have you believe.
One drop on the skin will not kill
in 30 seconds, and one quart jar
will not kill every living thing in
a cubic mile."
Item Military experts, engaged
in the Army's 1955 "Exercise Sage
Brush" mock warfare maneuvers
in Louisiana said a cloud of con
centrated nerve gas could kill
men at a distance of 50 miles
from the point of release within
15 minutes.
Item Dr. Selman A. Waks-
man, famed co-discoverer of
streptomycin, director of Rutgers
Univcrsiy Institute of Microbiolo
gy: Maybe if you stood directly
under a germ-bomb explosion with
your mouth open or had some
skin' cuts, there would be an infection."
What then, are you supposed to
believe in all this welter of con
flicting statements?
Tight official silence has cre
ated a virtual blackout on author
itative information. Yet the Pent
agon, in response to written ques
tions submitted by a reporter, al
lowed the following sentence to
remain among heavily censored
answers:
"The Chemical Corps is anxious
to put the true facts before the
public so that the nature of chem
ical and biological warfare can be
viewed in its proper perspective."
Maj. Gen. William M. Creasy,
former Chemical Corps chief, had
chafed at the bonds of secrecy im
posed on him. Before resigning to
enter private business last Sept.
he publicly urged:
"We must strip all mystery
from these munitions so that our
understanding of their nature will
not be clouded. The job of edu
cation will not be completed until
the public knows as much about
the realities of Chemical-Biological-Radiological
(C-BR) warfare
and defenses against it, as it does
annul atomic warfare.
Demos Host
Wayne Morse
Eight
WASHINGTON (AP) -
new ucmocrauc senators were
hosts at a luncheon here Tucs
day for Sen. Wayne Morse (D-
Ore".
Morse, who campaigned on be
half of all eight in the November
election, was presented a western
addle in appreciation.
The hosts were Sens. Clair
Engle (Calif); William K. Prox
mire (Wis); Eugene McCarthy
(Minn); Phillip A. Hart (Mich)':
R. Vance Hartke (Ind); Stephen
M. Young (Ohio); Jennings Han
dolph and Robert C. B.vrd ibolh
W.Va).
. Also present were Paul Butler,
Democratic National Committee
Chairman; Sen. Lyndon Johnson
(Tex). Senate Democratic leader;
and Sen. John A. Carroll (Colo!
ENGAGEMENT ANNOIM1 l
HOLLYWOOD (API - Aclnr
Henry Silva and writer Cyrohia
Conroy have announced their en
gagement. It will be her first niiimatic,
and the second for Silva. who por
trayed the dope -pilsner, niomer,
in the movie, "A Hatlul Of Ram.
"DENNIS THE MENACE"
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Officials Talk Of Record
As Cubans Heading Home
MIAMI, Fla. Iffl Cubans are
streaming home from exile in
numbers that have consular olll
cials talking of records.
All that acting consul Oscar
Ramirez, 35, can think of today is
a bath and bed.
"We are doing business as never
before," the Miami man said.
"Fees for processing outbound
Cubans are running to $2.1100 a
day. In the days before Batista
fell, daily receipts from the same
source were $100 to $200."
In addition to expediting the re
turn of Cubans, Ramirez Tuesday
was helping about 40 newsmen
who planned to take advantage of
the revolutionary government ot
ter to fly from Miami today for
an eyewitness view of the mass
meeting scheduled in the Presi
dential Palace Square at Havana
this afternoon.
Ramirez was manager of Mi
ami s bilingual Haglcr 1 heater
and a wheel horse ot the revolu
tionary underground.
Now he has a job waiting for
him in Cuba when a permanent
appointee relieves him in the con
sular job he look over without
ceremony from Edouardo Her
nandez.
He said he plans to work in the
Tourist Information Bureau in Ha
vana, his home.
Another Cuban who hurried hap
pily home was Dr. Antonio Buch,
a medical man who doubled dur
ing the revolutionary effort as co
ordinator of rebel information in
the Miami area.
Friends who answered the tele
phone at Buch's lodgings said he
had gone to Cuba to take a public
.health assignment.
Dr. Miro Cardona left Miami to
serve in a Cabinet post. Another
former Miami exile is now Cuba's
foreign minister, Roberto Agra-monte.
One Cubanita who contributed
her talents as well as her ener
gies to the rebel cause is planning
to stay in Miami because she is
now a United States citizen.
She is pretty Miss Caridad Gar
cia Canamaque, 25, known on Mi
ami Beach as a night club singer.
She is a native of Delicia,.Oricnte
Province.
The anti-Batista movement
knows her belter as composer of
the stirring Revolutionary Dircc
tory Hymn" and as a friend to
rebels stranded in South Florida.
Miss Garcia said it was unfortu
nale that non-Cubans should get
an idea the rebels are dealing out
death too fast to trigger men of
the Batista regime.
Ihese men are known murder
ers and torturers," she said.
For years their crimes have
been recorded by our people
against the day when we could
bring them to justice.
Business, Old Profession Linked; Racket Exposed
NEW YORK (AP)-Do call girls
play an important role in helping
big corporations swine business
deals? '
No, say businessmen.
Yes to a degree says the
city s chief magistrate.
A Senate committee should in
vestigate, says the AFL-CIO.
We'll investigate, says the city
police department.
The new twist in the world's
oldest profession got a thorough
airing Monday night on the CBS
radio program, "The Business of
Sex," narrated by Edward R
Murrow.
Unidentified speakers from the
business world and the demi
monde told of company policies
that include keeping prostitutes on
public relations payrolls or paying
them monthly fees for dealings
with Customers.
As spokesmen from the top
ranks of big business generally
denied the sex-for-sales practice,
Police Commissioner Stephen P.
Kennedy ordered an investigation.
Mayor Robert F. Wagner s of
fice said: "We will not tolerate
such scandal and vice in the city."
Kennedy, acknowledging the dif
ficulty of detecting call girl set
ups, appealed tor any intormation
that might aid the probe. He
promised to protect informants
but threatened to prosecute any
businessmen found employing
prostitutes.
A promise not to disclose names
had been made to participants on
the Monday program by CBS of
ficials, who refused Tuesday to
identify speakers to police.
Deputy Police Commissioner
James R. Kennedy said the net
work employes "fully cooperated
to the limit they could" and that
he respected their right to refuse.
No one is going, to jail here,
he said.
This was an apparent reference
to Marie Torre, New York Herald
Tribune television columnist who
recently served a 10-day jail sen
tence for contempt of court for
retusing to divulge a news source
in a court case.
Murrow was to be questioned
WASHINGTON (AP) Changes
made in thhe Labor committees of
the new Congress pointed today to
increased chances lor action
labor-management control legisla
tion and possibly olher labor
measures as well.
Democrats increased their mar
gin on the House Labor Commit
tee from 17-13 to 20-10 and on the
Senate Labor Committee from 7-6
to 9-6.
Moreover the Republican side of
the Senate group took on a less
conservative tone. ScnS. Winston
L. Prouty (Vt), Jacob K. Javits
NY), Clifford P. Case (NJ), and
John Sherman Cooper (Ky) .will
he serving for the GOP with Sens.
Rarry M. Goldwater (Ariz) and
Everett M. Dirksen (111).
Coupled with the committee re
vamping are indications from the
Labor Department that the admin
istration is not too unhappy with
the anticorruption bill introduced
ruesday by Sen. John F. Kennedy
ID-Mass).
Some additions and changes for
Kennedy's bill are expected to be
included, however, in the admin
istration program which will go to
Congress soon.
Goldwater. expected to sponsor
President Eisenhower's labor pro
posals in the senate, said he and
Kennedy are trying to achieve the
same things but over different
routes. He said Kennedy's bill has
some good points but "will not
National Bank
Has Big Year
PORTLAND (AP) Last year
was the second most profitable
in the history, of the First Na
tional Bank of Oregon, with net
earnings of $6,055,843 or $3.78 a
share, C. B. Stephenson, bank
president, said Tuesday.
Stephenson told the annual
stockholders meeting things also
look good for 1959.
Two new directors named are
Herman Oliver, Grant County cat
tlcman and president of the Grant
County Bank, and Thomas San
doz, president of the Columbia
River Packers Assn.
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today, but Kennedy said he expects
io get anoiner zero. .
A parallel investigation was
promised by Manhattan Dist. Atty.
Frank S. Hogan.
Deputy Commissioner Kennedy
said he would discuss the pro
gram's contents with Hogan, but
added that he did not believe
there was a sex ring or syndicate
in the city.
Chief Magistrate John M. Mur
tagh. author of "Cast the First
Stone," a book on the problem
oi prostitution, said it is "undoubt
edly true to a degree (that) vice
is used to promote business," but
to what extent no one knows,
He said the program appeared
to exploit the subject for audience
interest.
In Washington, Chairman Al J.
Labor Committee Changes
Increase Action Chances
slow down Jimmy Hoffa," as
Kennedy said it would.
Hoffa. president of the Team
sters I'nion. had no comment but
the AFL-CIO indicated support for
Kennedy's bill.
Hoffa has been a chief target
in hearings of the Senate Rackets
Committee whose chairman, Sen.
John L. McClellan (D-Ark), is
drafting a bill of his own.
The advance word is that the
President's recommendations and
the administration bill will closely
resemble what was proposed last
year.
If so, they will parallel much
of Kennedy's bill. Points in com
mon call for secret ballot union
elections, strict accounting of
union funds, criminal penalties for
labor-management corruption, and
sprinkling of changes in the
Taft-Hartley Law.
' But there are differences also.
The administration, for exam
ple, wants the shakedown picket
ing ban of Kennedy's bill extended
to prohibit picketing in any case
where workers indicate they don t
want a union to represent them.
Secretary of Labor James P.
Mitchell also is expected to insist
in behalf of the administration on
tightening labor boycott restric
tions, making union officials more
accountable to union members for
upion funds, and giving the gov
ernment power to investigate wel
fareipension fund operations.
Hayes of the AFL-CIO Ethical
Practices Committee suggested an
investigation by the Senate Corn
mittee on Labor-Management re
lations. He said he was shocked.
Sen. John L. McClellan (D-Ark),
committee chairman, and Sen,
Karl E. Mundt IR-SD), senior Re
publican membeV, declined com
ment. Outraged comment came from
Akron. Ohio, where General Tire
and Rubber Co. distributors art
holding an organization meeting.
Denouncing the program, Gen
eral Tire Vice President L. A.
McQueen said, "No legitimait
business concern in this nation
would permit the use of such un
ethical selling practices."
Spokesmen here for more than
tuo dozen firms in banking, man
ufacturing, oil, steel and utilities
said they never had heard of any
company hiring call girls to ad
vance business. They declined use
of their names.
One executive familiar with the
garment industry conceded some
sales managers may cement
friendships with buyers by provid
ing girls as part of an evening !
entertainment.
Portland Center
Of Most Traffic
PORTLAND (AP) Eighty-fiv
per cent of all Oregon motor
traffic begins or ends in the
Portland area, said state High- '
way Engineer W. C. Williams
Tuesday.
Williams, speaking before a
Portland civic club, said 15 per
cent of all motor traffic in neigh
boring Washington enters the area
of nearby Vancouver.
Williams and Milo T. Mclver.
state Highway Commission chair
man, spoke in defense of plans
for an urban freeway network in
Portland, opposed by areas of the
city that would be razed in the
face o( the new freeways.
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