HERALD AND NEWS, KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON
PAGE SEVEN
Fidel Castro Newest Thorn In Side Of US From Latin America
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1958
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Cuban
rebel leader Fidel Castro has now
joined a colorful cast of Latin
American characters whose ex
ploits have been annoying, anger
ing and outraging Uncle Sam off
and on during the past century.
It remains to be seen, of course,
whether Castro's kidnapping of
American property and use of an
American underground to supply
his forces will provoke the United
States into using its "Big Stick"
against him.
But he has already proved him
self a worthy associate in the pub
lic mind with Cuba's Narciso Lo
pez, Mexico's "Pancho" Villa, Hai
ti's Vilbrun Guillaume Sam and
Nicaragua's Augusto Sandino.
Lopez was a leader in the fight
to free Cuba of Spanish rule. In
1850 and 1851, he led freebooting
expeditions recruited and organ
ized in the U.S., a notorious vio
lation of neutrality laws which
American public opinion condoned
because of a widespread belief
that Cuba's destiny was closely as
sociated with that of the U.S.
Finally. Lopez sailed from New
Orleans in a bid for power and
glory. His first expedition of 750
men was dispersed by Spanish
lorces wnen it reached Cuba. The
450 men in his second expedition
were captured and many were ex
ecuted by the Spanish.
But Lopez's activities did have
the effect of helping to create a
body of public opinion in the U.S.
which was favorable to the even
tual liberation of Cuba from Spain.
Francisco "Pancho" Villa, a
Mexican revolutionary, has be
come a traditional theme in books
and movies. He might have been
remembered only as a minor reb
el or even as a bandit except that
he boldy crossed the U.S. border
Painting Restores Life
To Roof. Wall Shingles
By J. RALPH DALZELL '
When asbestos-cement shingles
on roofs or walls of a house are
eroded, faded or discolored and
have a dingy appearance, make
them look like new by simply
painting them.
Three types of paint are suitable,
which have the alkali resistance
necessary for use with asbestos-ce
ment products: the solvent-thinned
resin coatings, emulsion or latex
coatings and oil vehicle masonry
paint. Some old, weathered asbes
tos-cement shingles which have
been exposed to the weather for
many years may have only a mild
alkaline reaction and could be
painted with any good exterior
paint. However, it is wise to use
only coatings in which both the ve
hicle and color pigments are def
initely alkali resistant.
Make a safety ladder as shown
. in tne picture tor use when paint
ing shingles. Use 1x3 wood stock
for stringers and steps. Strap steel,
one inch wide and quarter-inch
thick, can be used to hook over
the ridge of the roof to hold the
ladder securely.
The first step of modernizing asbestos-cement
shingles consists of
cleaning the surfaces so that no
dirt, loose paint or oil is present.
If mildew is present it can be re
moved by scrubbing with a wax
free detergent and water. In se
vere cases, where the detergent
does not remove the mildew, use
a wash of 5 per cent muriatic acid.
Wear rubber gloves and goggles,
' and protect shrubs and other ob
jects below.
If shingle surfaces have eroded
to the extent that a dusty fibrous
material, like the chalk on old
paint, is present, special treatment
is required. Remove all fibrous ma
terial with a stiff brush, and wash
with water. If erosion is severe,
concrete hardeners, such as zinc or
magnesium fluosilicate solutions
can be applied to provide a more
suitable base for painting.
Solvent-thinned paints have ex
treme water and stain resistance,
excellent hiding power, do not scuff
easily and protect nail heads from
corrosion. Care should be taken not
to apply this paint until the shin
gles are perfectly dry. Two coats
should be applied. Or, a solvent-
thinned resin primer can be ap
plied and finally one coat of oil
or alkyd resin exterior pamt.
Latex paints are easy to apply
dry rapidly and can be applied
when the shingles are damp. Two
coats are required.
Oil vehicle masonry paints can
be applied to weathered shingles
Two coats are recommended. But,
if there is any doubt as to the de
gree of weathering, a solvent-
thinned primer should be applied
' as the first coat. All asbestos-cement
paints can be obtained in
various colors. See your paint deal
er for further suggestions and help.
As indicated in the picture, both
roof and wall shingles can be paint
ed. Roof shingles are exposed to
greater weather conditions and may
require more frequent painting,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q. Is there a way to preserve
he shine on metal objects in a
home?
A. Yes, spray them with a thin.
transparent coat of clear lacquer.
The lacquer can be obtained in
spray cans and will preserve the
luster on metal for a long time.
Q. Is it possible to remove light
scratches in good furniture.
A. No, the scratches can t be re
moved. But, you can hide them by
rubbing them with a mixture com
posed of equal parts of boiled lin
seed oil, turpentine and vinegar.
Q. Did the very early peoples,
such as the Egyptians, use paint
and if so how was it applied?
A. Yes, such early peoples did
use paint. The paint was applied
with brushes made from reeds
which grew along the Nile River.
The reeds were shredded into fi
bers and the fibers used as a
brush.
with less than a thousand raiders
on the night of March 8-9, 1916,
and set fire to part of the town of
Columbus, New Mexico.
Villa's grudge against the "grin
gos" was that the U.S. had rec
ognized "his arch-enemy, Gen. Ven
ustiano Carranza, as President of
Mexico.
Units of the 13th U.S. Cavalry
fought back. Seven American sol
diers and eight civilians were
killed. Five soldiers and two civil
ians were wounded. Some reports
said 190 of the raiders were killed
or wounded. '
After the Columbus raid. Presi
dent Woodrow WHson ordered a
punitive expedition into Mexico un
der Gen. John J. Pershing with
instructions to capture Villa. But
Carranza objected to the invasion
and the U.S. withdrew its troops
in June with villa still at large.
He lived until July 20, 1923
when he and three companions in
an automobile were slain in am
bush by their own countrymen.
rom May 1927 to February
iujj, every news item about Augus
to Cesar Sandino, a Nicaraguan
guerilla leader, was emblazoned in
the headlines of newspapers
throughout the Western Hemisphere.-
On May 3, 1927, Conservative
and Liberal factions in Nicaragua
signed an agreement under the
urging ol Washington aimed at
ending the civil war. Sandino, a
Liberal, rejected the agreement
and organized a guerilla band
which was believed to number
about 500 men.
The U.S. Marines were sent to
Nicaragua to capture 'Sandino. but
they never did and were finally
pulled out in January 1933. The
next month, he made peace with
President Juan Sacasa and re
tired to a farm.
Later, though, Sandino got into
trouble with the Nicaraguan Na
tional Guard. In February 1934, he
was seized and shot.
Latin-American opinion was gen
erally sympathetic to Sandino. His
adventures were a major incen
tive to President Franklin D. Roos
evelt's formulation of the inter
American "good neighbor" policy.
In 1915, there had been Presi
dent Vilbrun Guillaume Sam of
Haiti, a world headline fiugre at
a time when the Haitian govern
ment was deeply involved in in
ternational financial difficulties
and domestic factional strife.
When he took office on March
4, 1915. Sam was the eighth presi
dent of his country since 1910. He
promptly ordered the execution of
100 of his political enemies. On
July 28, a Haitian mob invaded
the French, Embassy in Port-au-
Prince, where Sam had taken ref
uge, and killed him.
President Wilson considered that
this incident endangered the in
ternational balance of power in
the Caribbean. He ordered U.S.
Marines ashore to preserve order.
A mission sent by President Her
bert Hoover in 1930 negotiated a
settlement of U.S.-Haitian differ
ences, but the last elements of the
American occupation force did not
leave the island until 1934.
By then, the U.S. had agreed to
a policy of non-intervention in the
personal affairs of its Latin-American
neighbors. This policy has been
consistently adhered to since then.
Will Fidel Castro upset it?
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