PAGE 4 D
HERALD AND NEWS, KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON
SUNDAY, JUNE 1, 1953
LEAFfOLIi SHEAD FAT IE ill
Valuing Percentage 9 of Infected t&&
Dlagraa Shorn 100. Pint
Farm Crops
From Oregon
Sold Outside
Ouidooh TLoiM
o o 7 . i nVv 0 0
o x A XAV z o
0 0 V Ns 0 0
0 0 'Sv 0
1, 2, 3, li k St leafnll Infection in Med,
Circles of current season InfeotloBc
X - Plants infected daring season Net necrosis in tubers
0 - Healthy plants remaining at harvest
Fifty percent Infection or sore nay occur when poor seed is used
Such crops are not etorable Hay not be marketable at harvest
Seed carrying 1 leafroll generally produces 8 tor able crops LBS
than U is safer.
County Agfent Reports
Farm News Briefed From The
County Agent Radio Programs
By WAI.T JENDKZEJEWSKI
County Extension Agent
The very important role of foun
dation and certified potato seed
growers in production of the com
mercial potato crop is clearly
shown in a graphic illustration of
virus spread printed elsewhere in
this column.
The internal discoloration, net
necrosis, or "browning" caused
by current season infection of leaf
roll virus continues to be a major
problem in production of the rus
set burbank variety.
The amount of trouble from net
necrosis varies from year to
year with variation of growing sea
son, with variation in aphid popu
lations and with quality of seed
pmniea.
Experience proves that market
r.ble crops enh be grown if one
per cent or less of the seed pieces
used arc infected. Some years
some growers have gotten by with
2 infection in seed.
However, as percentage of infec
tion in seed increases over 1
the probability of producing an un
marketable crop increases rapid
ly. For the commercial grower use
of good certified seed assures pro
duction of a marketable crop. Pro
tection of poor seed with aphid
control sprays and roguing is far
less certain and more expensive
Effectiveness of aphid control
decreases as percentnge of infect
ed plants in the field is greater,
(lood aphid control is very effec
tive in helping seed growers pro
duce better seed. Seed growers
work with lots in which only trace
or fractional percentages of virus
infection are present, and their
aphid control efforts are usually
considerably more extensive.
A commercial grower starting
with three to five per cent infec
tion who cuts his spread from
SU per cent to 23 per cent has
not accomplished much. A seed
grower starting with one-tenth per
cent infection accomplishes a
great deal when his aphid control
ami roguing hold spread to one -half
of the ono per cent It would
have been otherwise.
Good seed growers apply aphid
Control materials early before
aphid populations get much of a
(tart. Aphid control is indicate In
seed fields when counts find more
than one aphid per 100 leaves.
A general practice in seed fields
now is application of Demeton
(bystox) at one-half to three -
fourths pound- of actual toxicant
per acre as soon as plants arc
up and bcrore a six-inch height is
reached. Some repeat with a sec
ond Systox spray. Others follow
up with Endrin by air at eight
tenths of a pound per acre.
Both materials are very good
aphicides with a great deal of
residual killing power. Diazinon,
Dieldrin, Malathion, and Parathi-
on are also used.
Thiodan at one-half pound (one
pound by air) is reported to have
given good control in Washington
State last year.
Except for Malathion all these
materials are highly toxic to man
and must be used with aH rec
ommended precautions.
Generally, aphid populations
start to build up rapidly after
mid-July. For seed growers de
laying control till mid-July is a
mistake. The idea is to hold aphid
population to a minimum until in
fected plants in the field can be
identified and removed. The trick
is to rogue early as possible, to
remove the sources of infection
before aphids can get to them,
If you give the aphids an open
field till disease expression is good
enough to permit roguing they'll
have the virus spread before you
rogue, and infected aphids which
fall from rogued plants will carry
the virus on.
Unit planting, a method by
which all pieces of each tuber
are planted consecutively in the
row, is another good seed produc
tion practice which keeps all piec
es of diseased tubers together in
a group, reducing the areas of in
fection, making identication easier
and improving the roguing lob.
Some seed growers unit at least
a large enough planting for their
own seed use. Some plant index
pieces in greenhouse plantings and
do much of their roguing before
planting tune by discarding those
tubers for which winter plants
irom index pieces show disease.
A few seed growers carry fam
ily lines by selecting outstandinc
hills for increase. Such increase
must also be protected against vi
ms and other disease infection.
Much credit is due some seed
grower somewhere for even the
dubious quality of B's you may
have acquired for seed use from
some commercial lot one, two or
three years out of certification.
More than 200 million dollars
are added to Oregon's economy
each year by farm products
shipped to out-of-state markets,
according to Oregon State College
agricultural economists.
Out-of-state sales account for
about .one out of every two dol
lars taken In by Oregon farmers
In the case of some specialty crops
such as Oregon s IS million dol
lar annual pear crop upwards of
90 per cent are sold outside the
state.
Crops witfi more than 90 p e r
cent of- farm receipts from ship
ments to outside markets include
snap beans and strawberries, each
grossing around 10 million dol
lars a year.
Other berries, filberts, penner-
mini on, nops, cannery beets,
green peas, cherries, prunes, and
more than a dozen grass and le
gume, seed crops are in the 90
per cent-plus groups highly de
pendent on ouisiae markets.
Wheat and cattle too the out
side market list for dollar volume.
More than three-fourths of the
cash income for Oregon's 50 mil
lion aouar annual wheat crop
comes from outside the state, and
one-fourth to one-half the 60 mil
lion dollar yearly sales of cat
tle and calves are out-of-state.
The OSC economists say sales
outside the state probably account
for 75 to 90 per cent of the cash
income from farm forest products
a 15 million dollar yearly busi
ness ano irom such crops as on
ions, walnuts, sweet corn, and
barley.
Between half and three-fourths
of the farm income originates out
side the state for Oregon's 12 mil
lion dollar potato harvest, the
uve iiuiiiun aouar apple crop
sheep and Iambs, wool, turkevs
red clover seed, carrots, and caul-
uiower.
Soil Bank Aids
Oregon Farmers
WASHINGTON Wl 17i-u-fio
Washington, Idaho and Oregon
laiinera. received more wan 515,
000 each durine 1Qr7 in cnii hanir
nrrpn cp rucurua nmm( a ..
riculture Department tabulation
anvws.
Thev were nmnno 9 iv Iqmun.
thrOUChotlt the UnitpH KtMne tuh
received more than $10,000 under
uie program.
WflShinOtnn POKlnianlc ni,mKnKJ
20. more than half thp NnrthuMicf' e
total, with Idaho having 15 and
urcgon lo in me si5,uvu-pius cate
gory. Tod recinient in th PnnWi.
Northwest was S. A. Camp Farms
vuinpany, unpen, loano, which re
ceived $81,197.52 retiring 1,471.5
ui:rt;K irom wnMT nnrt Miinn nA
duction.
Martin Hereford Inc., Madras
Oregon, was sprnnH in the. Nnrtt.
wesi, receiving wja.vay.is on 2,486
County Farms, Prosser, Washing
ton, ranked third with $56,519.64
mr 2,ou.3 acres ot wheat land.
Other Washington and Oregon
farm operations receiving more
than $15,000 from soil hunt r,.
ments during 1957 include:
uregon:
Kev Kmlhnn Prniwiqln on
232.70. Wheat. 585 acres- Tlimbin'e
rarms inc., Bonanza, $20,399.62,
wneal, 797 acres; Bafus Brothers,
uecu, $20,158.60, heat 980 acres:
Renner Ranch. Lakpvinw em run
wheat, 500 acres; Larsell and
Fleming, Maupm, $18,112.50.
wheat, 690 acres: Ashbeck and
t.npi.ini Frhn 17K;i HI .t,An
695 acres; W. E. Bruckert, Wasco',
5i,ib5, wneat, 517 acres;
Frank Anriorcnti IfnnniMr eic-
1911.50, wheat, 526 acres; Lewi's
Halvorscn, lone, $15,851, wheat,
U4 acres.
JIALF A DEAL
TOLEDO. Ohio 11 Hale's Drue
Store in suburban Sylvania caters
to weak appetites, it sells half-
sandwiches, half cups of coffee
and nan pieces ot pie, all at half
price, u the customers desire.
I remember well my first meet
ing with the black bear so clearly
marked with a white spot on his
breast. He was apparently a young
fellow about 3 years of age. His
hide was smooth, clean and black
with that identifying white spot so
plainly visible from in front. And
it was from the front I first saw
him.
The sun had set and twilight
had silenced so many sounds of
day. I was walking toward the
tight board and barbwire fence on
the meadow s edge. Spot saw me
first. He headed for a thornbrush
patch to my right and he intended
to get there very soon. Thinking
he might tree if headed, I ran in
front of him near the fence.
The clumsy, waddling bear be
comes a half flying ball of fur
when really running. Spot s bind
feet were away out in front and
his front feet just as far behind
at the peak of each leap. It was
apparent he was going home. I
stepped out of his path. He
flashed by, into Rancheria Creek
and out of sight in the brush be
yond. ,
Rancheria was a meadow of
many boggy spring areas. Each
summer a cow or two would be
lost in those places. That particu
lar fall a heifer of about 500
pounds weight had gone down in a
cleat, spring hole. A short dis
tance away a cow of, perhaps 900
pounds drowned in a muddy bog.
One day the heifer was partly
pulled from the spring and a por
tion of the front quarter was gone.
in a tew days Uie entire carcass
was missing. A short, time later,
I noted the cow that had sunk in
the bog until only the hip bones
protruded, was pulled partly from
the mud. Day by "day and piece
by piece the .cow, too, disap
peared. 1 wondered what had become of
the bones. While searching
through a swampy area nearby, I
found Spot's secret place. He bad
built a nest some five feet, across
and packed down about six inches
deep with swamp grass common
ly referred to as rip gut. be
cause of its rough, serrated edges.
Around the edge of the nest were
the polished, missing bones. I mar
veled at the nest and the time and
patience that must have gone into
making it one mouthful of grass
at a time.
The next spring, Spot returned
and spent a few weeks in harm
less wandering about the place.
Again, the next fall, he came and
cleaned out the carcass of another
cow. Following hibernation that
winter he made another spring ap
pearance. Always, there were hoes and tur
keys, cows and calves roaming at
win m'tne meadow. Not once did
Spot cause any disturbance. He
was content to clean up the dead
carcasses, eat grubs, rodents,
some grass and fleshy plants. I
became attached to the shiny black
fellow and looked forward to his
appearances.
As the seasons rolled by, I
learned that he came down from
the hills in the! early fall. His
tracks appeared first on a little
used woods road. And this was the
sign I looked for. Also, in the
spring he returned to the hills
by the same route.
Spot's last spring is burned into
memory. He spent it the usual
way, bothering no one. eatine
some grubs, rodents and vegeta
tion. One morning in lale spring
orove away irom the cabin on
the same wood road Spot used. Ly
ing squarely in the middle if the
road was a partly rotted log that
had not been there before. 1
stopped to move it and noticed
bear tracks in the dust. The log
had been lying about 40 feet up
IN TI1E CARDS
CHIJI.A VISTA Talif m A
savings and loan company gave
away a prize at the opening of
its 1WW nffio Th ninnA.. iv(..
--.. atas TV 1UUVI ia,
Jane Money.
I the hill, and old Spot had discov
ered it was loaded with ants and
ant grubs, a snack made to order
for a healthv hlnrk- hoar Ha .,-
ceeded-to lick up ants and grubs
ana rou me log untu it stopped
in the road and there be left it
for me to move, '
Tt ! Ihtt li, cf BUuLuWa f
saw of Spot. The succeeding fall
i iuokcu in vain ior ine telltale
fnnfnri nt hut lum oiuwaMul n,.t
season several bear were killed
in me area ana, even I, ate a
bear steak given, me by a friend.
I did not ttttt lhA hirlA T nrna afraid
I to look. It might bear that clear,
wnice marc on ine breast.
. Farmers! Ranchers!
Stockmen! , .
SEE JUCK
for
Your Truck!
Juckelmd Truck
Saks and Service
Your International Dealer
1 1th & Klamath Ph. 2-2S81
BEEF or PORK
Out Low Meat Prices Will
Make It Worth Your While
Ta Investigate NOW1
BIG Y MARKET
Ph. TU 4-4620 4710 Sa. tth
Ford Trucks
Last Longer
on the
FARM
See your Farm
Truck Headquarters
BALSIGER
MOTOR CO.
oil at Etp. PH. TU 4-3121
JOB-ENGINEERED
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FOR SERVICE USE
Any tlx and shop
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Whether you need tho big 80
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BUILDINGS
Rogue Valley Steel Col
Grants Fait . GR 6-3131
W.:G.'Noggle
Klamath Falls TU 44491
SAfCUSTOMk
CUTTING JJ