SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1957
HERALD AND NEWS, KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON
PAGE THREE
Ranch&AA (R&p&d
By BILL DECKER
The U.S. Department of Agricul
ture's Commodity Stabiliza
tion Service -said that it will not
shift from the bushel to the hun
dredweight measure in handling
next year's Commodity Credit Cor
poration grain operations, but that
study and discussion of the desir
ability of making the change at
later date will be continued.
The possible use of the hundred
weight measure at the beginning
of the 1SI58 marketing year as the
basis for CCC price support loans,
warehouse handling and storage
charges, sales, and related activ
ities has been under current con
sideration. The proposal was dis
cussed with grain trade and iurm
organization representatives at a
special meeting in Washington
September 25. It was also con
sidered at a national conference
of state commissioners and direct
ors of agriculture early this week.
After this discussion, it was de
cided that it would be "advisable
to make further determinations re
garding both the advantages and
the difficulties in the proposed
change before undertaking the
shift. Among factors considered
were the need to be certain that
all concerned with grain handling,
from producers to ultimate users,
had full opportunity to understand
just how they would be atlected;
the minimum timclag required for
both CCC and the trade to revise
regulations and procedures, and
the possible need for legislative
revision of laws regarding grain
handling in some states.
Cattle topped the livestock cate
gory, wheat headed the crops di
vision, and pears led the fruit list
on the first official breakdown of
gross cash farm income in Ore
Eon during 1956. according to Rob
ert J. Steward, director of the
Stale Department of Agriculture.
The figures were released in the
September Farm Income Situation
of the U.S. Department ot Agriculture.
Total cash sales of Oregon farm
products in 1956 was $407,852,000,
about six million dollars above Ore
gon gross cash farm income in
1955. Among the states, Oregon
ranks 29th in cash receipts from
1956 farm marketings.
Livestock and products gross
cash income increased from $170,
192,000 in 1955 to $171,480,000 in
1956 for over a million dollar gain
Cattle and calves, which headed
the list, showed about a two mil
lion dollar decrease from 1955 to
tals but dairy products, eggs,
sheep and lambs, broilers, wool
and some types of poultry sales
increased. There were also slight
decreases from the 1955 totals in
hogs, turkeys, and chickens.
Almost a five million dollar in
crease was noted in crop gross
cash income $236,372,000 in 1956
as compared with $231,387,000 in
1955. A decrease of over two mil
lion dollars occurred in wheat in
come, but it continued to be the
largest selling field crop. Barley
sales showed an increase over the
previous year, and oats brought
in a little less money than in 1955.
Ten seed varieties brought Ore
gon growers more money in 1956
than 195a perennial ryegrass,
bentgrass, chewings fescue, Mer
lon blucgrass, alsike clover, red
clover, alfalfa, crimson clover, red
fescue and tall fescue. Seed sales
went down in only three varieties:
common ryegrass, hairy vetch,
and common Willamette vetch.
Oregon farmers received more
money in 1956 for potatoes, hay,
green peas, sugar beets, mint,
sweet corn, hops, corn, broccoli,
beets, and cauliflower. Decreases
in sales were apparent in the
gross cash farm incomes of snap
beans, onions, Austrian winter
peas, and carrots.
Pears again led the fruits in
cash farm income, with an increase
over the 1955 total of over seven
million dollars. However, pears
and peaches were the only fruits
which showed gains in sales in
1956; income from strawberries,
apples, cherries, plums and prunes
dropped.
Filberts and walnuts also showed
marked sales decreases for the
past year. I
Sale of forest products cut from
farms declined almost four million
dollars in 1956. Greenhouse and
nursery products increased slight
ly for the past year.
steward called attention to tne
fact that there is a wide difference
between the gross farm income
and the net farm income, the re
port just received shows a total
net farm income after all expen
ses in Oregon of 162.5 million dol
lars. This figure is 14.8 million
dollars greater than the net farm
income here in 1955. .
Fed cattle prices in Oregon are
not expected to drop as sharply
during the heavy October-Novem
ber marketing season as they did
a year ago, report Oregon State
College agricultural economists.
Cattle slaughter is now rising
seasonally but prices may decline
only $2 to $3 a hundredweight
compared to a drop of $4 to $5
last fall when the 19d6 drought
forced fall slaughter to a record
high, the economists say.
A general downtrend in cattle
slaughter is expected to continue
in 1958, pointing to favorable
prices for fed cattle in the year
ahead. Cattle feeders are also fa
vored with prospects of large hay
supplies and cheap feed grains, but
feeder's margins may be squeezed
by the higher prices being paid
for feeder animals.
Meanwhile, hog production is re
sponding to generally good prices
with national increases expected
in both this fall and next spring s
pig crops. This dims hog price
prospects for next fall, the econ
omists report in the current issue
of the OSC "Oregon Farm and
Market Outlook" circular. Copies
of the circular are available from
county extension offices.
Good range conditions during the
past summer brought mixed bless
ings to lamb producers. A larg
er than usual- percentage of west
ern lambs are ready for slaughter
this fall. This is holding prices
down for fat lambs. At the same
time, the supply of feeder lambs
is smaller and prices are higher
than last fall.
Large supplies of feed grains and
hay point to a heavy carryover
in Oregon next year with little
possibility of price increases, re
port Oregon state College agricul
tural economists.
Nationally, the feed grain build
up is expected to leave record car
ryovers on hand next fall. While
the nation's corn acreage this year
is 13 per cent smaller than 10
years ago. the nation s grain sor
ghum acreage is 2'i times as
large and the barley acreage is
37 per cent larger. Oregon's barley
acreage has practically doubled in
the past 10 years, the economists
report in the current issue of
OSC's Oregon Farm and Market
Outlook.
Oregon hay supplies for the
1958 feeding season probably will
be at least as large as this year,
the economists say. Unless un
usually harsh weather lengthens
this winter's feeding season, the
carryover of hay next summer is
likely to increase again, accord
ing to the OSC outlook report.
The outlook circular also ex
amines the 1958 picture for wheat
seed crops, livestock and the boil
Bank. Copies ot the circular are
available from local county exten
sion offices.
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DOUGLAS FIR LOGS infested with bark beetles are get
ting special screening treatment at Oregon State College.
These screened pens, in which logs are being placed, are
rearing cages for bark beetles that will be used later in
screening tests on promising new pesticides. Work is under
way in OSC's new forest insect laboratory that will speed
research control of beetles and other forest pests that cost
Northwestern foresters millions of dollars annually. Dr. Jul
ius Rudinsky, shown above, is in charge. Silver fir and cedar
bark beetles are being reared in the tin cages in the back
ground. Forest Insect Lab
Studying Controls
A new $35,000 forest insect lab
oratory with facilities that rank
among the best in the nation has
been completed at Oregon State
College for research on forest
pests that are the No. 1 enemy
of Northwest foresters.
Testing of insecticides to deter
mine which are most effective and
practical Jo use against various
insects will be the major phase
of work.
Tied in with the testing will be
basic research on insect biology,
behavior and activities. Little is
known about some of the insects
and effective controls cannot be
developed until that information
is available. Dr. Julius Rudinsky,
project leader, pointed out.
Entomologists of the Oregon
State Board of Forestry are co
operating in the research.
To provide a constant supply of
insects for pesticide testing, the
lab will "raise its own" in temperature-controlled
rearing rooms.
Douglas fir logs infested with
bark beetles were sealed in wax,
brought to the laboratory, and
placed in screened rearing cages.
Cedar bark.beetles. that work on
Port Orford and Western red ce
dar, and Silver fir bark beetles
also are being reared in the room.
They have to be kept in tin con
tainers, however, since they are
small enough to go through reg
ular screens.
Raising the pests in the labo
ratory also speeds up research
work, according to Rundinsky.
At least two and likely three gen
erations of some of the insects
can be raised in the laboratory
each year, compared to only one
generation in the field.
The "winter season" in the in
sect's life is supplied in a freezer
room. It gives the pests a chilly
and brief artificial resting period.
Forest insects are more costly
each year to Northwest forests
than fire, Rudinsky explained, and
research on pest control is now
getting considerably more atten
tion than in the past.
The Douglas fir beetle which has
taken a tremendous toll of trees
some six million acres were in
fested in 1955 in the Northwest
will be one of the insects given
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priority in lab work. Some work
on the behavior and development
of the beetle as influenced by var
ious temperatures has already been
completed. Although the Douglas
fir beetle epidemic has dropped off
recently, "it will be back some
day," Rudinsky says.
Other pests listed for study in
coming months include the spruce
budworm and balsam" woolly aphid.
The insect project is sponsored
by the Northwest Forest Pest Ac
tion council, the Oregon State
Board of Forestry and the Pacific
Northwest forest and range expe
riment station, Portland, in co
operation with the college. A
grant of $3,800 also was received
last month from the Foundation
for American Resource Manage
ment, San Francisco, to help sup
port the research.
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