IIPAY. DECEMBER 9. 1955
HERALD AND NEWS." KLAMATH FALLS. OREGON
PAGE ELEVEN
heat Group
)iscuss Soil
"PENDLETON im The Oreson
fieal Grower" League spent con-
?erab)e time Thursday di-icusslnr
possible alternate to the soil
fnk proposal.
The leasue will- decide before
9 close of this annual meeting
iturday whether to endorse the
111 bank proposal or an alternate
IKgestion.
.William Lorenzen, Pendleton
irmer, presented the alternate
Ian that was discussed Thursday.
e would have high - producing
4eat farms contribute to a fun'l
mm which payments would be
lade to other growers to retire
lerginal lands from production.
iHe estimated payments of 50
nts a bushel would induce fnrm
s with a 10- to 15-bushel average
retire tneir tana.
Police Grab Slots
In Coos Elk Club
COOS BAY Lfi Police raided
the Elks Club here Thursday and
seijcd nine slot machines.
The club was charged with
illegal possession of gambling
equipment, duly officials, after
pleading guilty, paid a tlOO fine
and $450 costs..
The laid was carried out by city,
county and sute police and district
attorney's aides. The machines
were taken to the county seat at
Coquille.
1954 Field Trials Marked
First Salk Vaccine Test
DRUNK CHARGE
OXNARD. Calif. ii When Clar
ence Weems Jr. pleaded guilty to
a drunk driving charge in Muni
cipal Court yesterday Judge Clar
ence Pecht quickly disqualified
himself from passing sentence.
Reason: on his driving spree.
Weenis crashed into Judge Pechl's
car while it was parked in front
of the jurist's home.
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cau de cologtics from 810 to 83.50
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talc, 4 oz. $3
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Ph. 2-3475
(Editor's Note: The follow hn
article is the first of several which
was orepared to explain some of
the background behind the develop
ment of the balk anti-polio vac
cine. The annual March of Dimes
drive will open In Klamath Coun
ty on January 2 headed by Jay
Kmksh, malinger of Consolidated
Freightuays in Klamath Falls.)
In April 1954, a series of V-Days
were staged over America in the
desperate battle against polio when
classrooms became clinics and the
first mass inoculations of Salk anti
polio vaccine took place.
Physicians, nurses, teachers and
volunteer housewives stood ready
to greet the first, second and third
grade school children lined up for
Hie historic inoculations wnicn
marked an important step In the
never-ending battle against the
dread disease.
These first "Polio Pioneers ' were
all well rehearsed tor the roles
they were to play. Equally well re
hearsed, and aware ot the Import
ance ol the role they were play
ing, were the adults administering
the anti-polio vaccine.
To the nation at liuVe and to
parents everywhere 1954 was,
above all else, the year of the
Polio Vaccine Field Trial. The chil
dren Polio Pioneers in the truest
sense set the hope for the future
as they iield their arms ready for
the doctors' needle.
This army of 1,830.000 children
served science as living labora
tories. Their blood streams held
the answer that might spell vic
tory over polio. More than 440,000
of them were injected with the
vaccine. Placebo, a neutral control
iluid, was given to 210.000 of the
others. The majority, 1.180,000 were
uninjected, but served as "ob
served controls." Blood samples
were taken from 40,000.
The trial inoculations that started
on April 26 were concluded on July
10, 1954.
July 10 marked the beginning of
another phase of the Job for the
adult volunteers. A tremendous pa
per battle went on for weeks and
weeks after the .official windup of
inoculations. The mountains of-rec-ords
were checked and sent to
the state health departments, which
forwarded them to the Poliomyeli
tis Vaccine Evaluation Center at
the University of Michigan where
the study was being coordinated
and codified.
Although the answer could not be
known until 1955, the Vaccine Field
Trial, set up and coordinated by the
National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis, stirred, the imagination
and lilted hearts all over the
world. ' . ' -
The field trial reminded the U.S.
that in 1953 word was first flashed
that- Dr. Jonas E. Salk at the
University of Pittsburgh had suc
cessfully passed the experimental
stage of laboratory testing. Thl
was the end result of 17 years of
National Foundation research
aimed at development of a polio
preventive. '
The 1954 field trials added a
fourth front in the war against pol
io, -adding -polio prevention to the
three major programs Uie Nation
al Foundation had long been con
ducting research, patient aid
and professional education.
The master plan of the field
trials was essentially simple: de
tails were not. Children in the fust,
second and third grades of the na
tion's schools were1 selected as test
subjects because of hign polio in
cidence in Uieir age groups and
their accessibility in schools. Three
inoculations were to be given, the
second a week after the first, and
the third at least four weeks after
the second. Blood samples. 10 cc
each, were to be taken three limes
from two per cent of all the par
ticipating children.
State and local health authori
ties and the National Foundation
selected 217 trial areas in 44 states
to participate. The borders of the
study later were extended to In
clude several sections of Canada
and one in Finland.
Two inoculation patterns were
used. In 33 of the 44 states, chil
dren in the second grade received
the vaccine while the firsv and
third .graders, uninjected. were
merely observed for purpose of
comparison. In 11 states, children
In the first three grades were in
oculated. half with vaccine, half
with a placebo or neutral control
fluid. Coded numbers of the shots
given in these 11 states were care
fully written on vaccination rec
ords. Nobody in the placebo areas
knew which children had received
vaccine. They would not know un
til the code was broken the fol
lowing spring, when scientific eval
uation of the study had been com
pleted.
TREE LIGHTER
NEW YORK dp.- Rockefeller
Plaza's traditional Christmas tree
was lighted last night by 2.500
firefly" bulbs and 1.400 large col
ored globes resembling Japanese
lanterns. This is the 23rd year in
which a tree this one is six stories
high has adorned the plaza. The
towering Norway spruce overlooks
the outdoor skating rink..
State Disaster
Areas Named
WASHINGTON Up Tlurty-eiuht
Washington and Oregon counties
have been designated disaster
areas as a result of November s
Big Freeze, the Small Business
AomUiistration announced Thurs
day.
Nurserymen and others who suf
fered damages during the unsca
sonal cold spell will be able to ob
tain low-interest disaster loans, the
SBA said.
The SBA said reports from its
Seattle office indicated losses to
taled Sl.025,000.
Designated counties are:
Washington Whatcom, Skagit.
Snohomish, King,- Pierce, Lewis,
Thurston, Skamania, Cowlitz.
Clark, Wahkiakum, Pucific. Grays
Harbor, Mason, Jefferson, Clal
lam, Kitsap, Island, San Juan and
Klickitat.
Oregon Clatsop, Columbia,
Tillamook, Washington, Multno
mah. Yamhill, Clackamas, Lin
coln, Polk, Marion, Benton, Linn,'
Lane, Douglas, Coos, Curry, Jose
phluo and Jackson.
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DOWN
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