Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current, March 22, 1952, Page 1, Image 1

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    Tin
uuu
214 Dead; Flood
Adds To Damage;
Five States Hit !
Price Five Cents M Pairs
KLAMATH FALL), OREGON, 8ATIJRDAY, MAW II it. 195Z
Telrphcne 8111
W . :v.j
-
Fnir
221 INCHES That's what the gauge measures above as
recorded by Asst. Chief Ranger Bernle Packard at Crater
Lake National Park yesterday morning. This is the deepest
snowfall ever recorded in the 2(1 years of checking in the
park. Previous record was set March 29, 1038, when snow
depth hit 20H inches. Photo by Hailock
Bureau Of Prisons
Takes Over Site
Of Old Jap Camp
In The
lly FHAN'K JIINKINS
I'm sure you must hnve followed,
its I hnvr, (ho draniullc Mory of
the conijfir dogs Uml were trapped
tin ii diim'Crou ledge on Uie snow
wept i.idc of a inouiitiiln up north
oi Seattle.
Yesterday MEM brnved the
mountain' wintry hnntrdl to
SAVE T1IR DOOS. Thev arrived
too Into. Tim two animals ma
rooned on the lrdge were dead
victims nl cold, not huniter, vrtcr
nn woodsmen of the region tmld.
llmt ii a minor matter. The IjIk
Morv im llmt American men risked
ihi'ir Uvea to save the Uvea of Uic
dogs.
Tlils
mnnln- lnrv nrnk
iMIHTAKKNLY, I lliliiki of their
VAI.UK. Lets not tool ourselves.
It was no property consideration
that led those men up that Icy
mountain.
The tlond Book says fJohn XV.
"lirciilrr love huth no man
llian this, that a mull lay clown
his life for his friends." Those
mountaineers up In northern Wash
ington didn't uclually lay down
their lives. But they LAID THKM
ON TIIK USE.
Thev were WIl.l.INO to die In
an attempt lo save the lives of
Ihc canine friends.
To me, that highlights ono of the
GREAT mistakes we've made In
our forelnn policy. Our leaders
have permitted us to be pictured
In the world as cold, hard, DOL-LAK-CHASrJns.
It Isn't true.
We nirn'1 Unit kind of people
WH'HE WARM HIOAItTED AND
fKNTIMKNTAL. Those men who
climbed (he minimum up north of
Fentlle to try to .invc u couple
of dogs lire TYPICAL Ameilniiiis.
We're built llmt way. The dollar
rhasliig picture bus been conjured
np by our enemies.
It's a he.
But our lenders, hv their Incnt
have permitted It to be
lll'NCI ON lid to our great harm
illirnughmil Ihe world. As n re
' sull, our leadership In world nf
fulls has lie ril'icredltrd in the
eves of BILLIONS of people who
I'LOAIi us Instend of ndiiili'liig and
Irii'illng us.
That Is little short of catastroph
ic. Whnl's wronu willi us?
That's n big question, but I'll
try lo answer II nrrnrdinir lo my
own convictions. When wo snv
Hint Americans are wnnii-hciirled,
sentlriK iilnl folk, chcrMlliig ideals
for which Ihcy are wllllnir to give
Iheir lives If need be (as witness
this ntlempted rescue of canine
friends trapped on a storm-swept
Wn'.lilnalon mniinliiln) we mean
Hint AS A HULE they arc llkr
thin.
Bui '
NO proverb Is moro universal
In lis truth than thin one: THERE
AMK EXCEPTIONS TO ALL
RULER.
Thcro ale exception to the rtilo
that Americans nrn warm -hearted,
lienlliiienliil, klndlv people. There
are Americans who me hard nnd
cold and (rasping. Americans who
nil. wllllnir III B MTU AY THKIIl
. . ' I
Jills
; TRUST lo line Ihclr poekels.
' 'I'hftir ni'n II, n nvnnhl l.ntu TlmKn'a
j nnnther proverb Unit says "excep
tions prove, the rule."
! Here's what I'm Retting nl:
We've permitted these excep
i lions lo GET INTO POWBIK. We've
pprmlltnd It by our carelessness
I In choosing our lenders. We've
? pormltlcd our Judgement to bo
i wm'ped by demiigoKUCB who hnve
'? appealed to our baser Instincts
nnd out' hulrcclH nnd our suspicions
(Continued nn Tage Nine)
iiy hale HCAnnnoi oh
This (reus newr.it, penal focll
lly called the Newell Prison
Camp, lor want of an official
nitme U In surprisingly Rood suite
ol repnir mid C. F. Craig, who
will supervl.se reactivation of the
rump, snys II mluhl be ready for
occupancy In a very few mnnUis.
Tlie Burciiu of Prisons, a brnnch
of the U. 8. Deparunent of Jus
tice, tins taken over the mllltnry
urea of the World Wnr II Jnp
camp below Tulcliiks for the an
nounced purpose of establishing a
slnndhy stockade- lor detention of
subversives.
Tlie military area covers about
II acres and contains something
like 40 bulldlnits. Including: bar
racks, mess mills, administrative
buildings, dispensary, cold storage
room, fire house, equipment sheds
aim me line
llllllltn VUvA tlf..- IT ,1...,
", " rc
was used by Mllltnry Police keep,
lug watch on the thousands of Jan.
anese Interned on the 700-acre gov
urnmont reservation.
Since the war virtually all Ihc
buildings on the Internment ennin
'" " " Ull given lo
hnnifoitoiirini a until iA m l.u
homesteaders, sold and otherwise
disposed of. But the military area
was left almost mtiicl and was
leased to Ihe Tulelakc Growers As
sociation for a labor camp.
ONLY KKMDKNT
Tim last occupants of the camp
were moved olf a few weeks ago
and Craig moved In. So far he's
the only resident of the new pris
on camp.
Craig wns an officer at McNeil
Island Federal prison before being
detailed for duty at Newell. He Is
a construction man and has the
Job ol supervising repair and ren
ovation ol the camp.
Several other officers from Mc
Neil and other federal Institutions
were scheduled to nrrlvo at New
ell early next week, but their ar
rival may bo delayed by the Bu
reau of Prisons. A detachment of
(Continued nn Page S
ON THEIR WAY to work this
sisters, Jcil (left) and Cora.
Cora at Newberry's.
EWWWWWWWIJIPW'iHIE U'qWMIUH 'WWWHIH 'MIMIllUWfltiaillilU,.lllMWIII"IUlllLlwa
Planes To
Drop Hay
To Cattle
BAN FHANCI8CO Air Force
carKO planes fly to Nevada Satur
day to tram with snow-buttlliiK
Army bulldozers in efforts to nave
GOO.000 stiirvlnic cattle and sheep.
II n in I Hon Field, north of Han
Francisco, ordered the carifo planes
to rendezvous at the Klko, Nev..
airport. There they were to pick
up hnlri of liny and rancliowners to
Kulde the pilots to drop areas.
Aitround. 25 U.S. Ulxlh Army
bulldozers cleared lanes toward Iso
lated herds. Behind them camo
hav-inden trucks.
But "Onerullon Hayllfl" was de
cided Upon after aerial surveys
showed that "Operation Ureak
throiiKh" would be too lute for
some herds.
Newton Crumley, an emergency
director, called for tlie hayllft alter
he flew over northern Elko County
in Nevada and spotted cattle so
weak they couldn't shake olf flocks
of magpies.
The Northeastern Nevada -disaster
area." so declared by Presi
dent Truman who allotted 100.000
In relief funds, has been covered
bv tnows for two months.
Hamilton Field officials said that :
blR C-I24s and C-82s would dupll-1
cale the dramatic hayllfl of 1049
which saved the lives of thousands (
of marooned livestock.
Nevada's Oov. Charles Russell j
estimated Unit his slate faced a
10 million dollar loss unless the I
200.000 cattle and 400,000 sheep i
could be saved. i
But loss of sheep seemed inevu- i
able because ewes must lamb on i
winter range without the protec-
Hon of shelters.
McKay Studies
Daylight Time
SALKM I Gov. Douglas Mc-
Vnu ta.,lrl RnlnrHitv n tin nnl hnrl
i J J V -
;enough liuormation yo tar to jusu-
ify action on daylight time lor Ore-
gon.
He said under state law he has
authority to declare daylight time
only when "It appears to me that
Uie economy of the people of this
slate is afleeti'd by tlie establish
ment of daylight time in adjoining
states."
"Until I receive positive evi
dence which Justifies me in decid
ing that the economic welfare of
this stale Is affected I am not
Inclined or obligated to act,", he
said.
McKay proclaimed daylight time
last year. The State Grange start
ed court action last year to pre
vent enforcement of the proclama
tion, but daylight saving expired
before the Issue was decided.
PAY BOOST
PORTLAND I The pay scale
for nurses In Oregon will go up to
(240 n month starling In April.
A (20 monthly Increase was an
nounced Friday by the Oregon
8tate Nurses Association and the
Oregon Association of Hospitals.
The agreement provides for a
40-hour week, six paid holidays.
morning were the llardman
Jeri works at Penney's and
au r . ... , . I... i i mi i .... a
Sam fCon In Klamath To
Campaign For Congress
Bum Coon, of Baker, candidate !
for Congress from Oregon's 2nd
district. Is spending a f'W days in
Klamath County further mi h
campaign for the Republican nomi
nation,
lie Is one of three Republican
Congressional candldutes who will
be on that party's May 18 primary
ballot. The others are Giles French
ol Moro, Htale Representative who
visited here about two weeks ago
and LI. Ernest Hlnkle of The Dallas
who Is stationed in New York with
the Air Force and probably won't
be able to campaign locally.
Coon, 48-year-old rancher, 1 a
member of the Slate Senate, tlie
1051 session his first in the Legis
lature. He's a native of Boise, Ida.,
but has ranched In the Baker area
23 years.
Coon is staying at the Wlncma
Hotel and plans to be In Klamath
Falls through Monday. He is to go
to Bend Saturday.
While here he Is backgrounding
himself on this area's problems of
land, water and power and prom
ises to work toward reserving water
lor agriculture and for power de
velopment on the Klamath River,
preferably by private enterprise. .
He also has come out for lower
ing of federal taxes, abolition of
waste In government spending and
a halt to the trend of lessening
Individual freedom and enterprise.
-BULLETIN-
QUITS
WASHINGTON (P)
John Foster Dulles, top
Republican foreign affairs
expert and the man who
put over - the Japanese
Peace Treaty for President
Truman, is cutting hit ties
with the Truman adminis
tration this week end.
' With" the presidential
campaign heating up,
Dulles reportedly wants a
completely free hand to at
tack the administration's
foreign policies, where he
disagrees with them, and
to influence as far as he
can the shaping of Republi
can party proposals in this
field.
Car Smacks
Into Truck
James Thrasher. 26-venr.nld P.lv
hotel operator, made nn appear -
ance on the Oregon State Police
radio program, "You Never
Know," Thursday night.
Friday he wound up In Klomath
Vlley Hospital with a sore head.
The two Incidents are directly re
lated. Thursday night Thrasher was ar
rested by a State Patrolman for
not having an operator's license.
Cnnt. Wnltpr Tjincjnirn'ni.nrHul Ilia
arrest for the department's acci- enccs with the President have
dent prevention program. proved verv fruitful. We arc in
Friday afternoon Thrasher, fol- Perfect agreement and absolute no
lowed by his wife in another car. c0-
was enroutc to Klamath Falls lo 1
get a driver s license.
But when he got to Shady Curve
on Oregon Highway 66, three miles
north of Hlldcbrnnd, Thrasher's
car smacked hendon into a Stile i
Highway Department t r uc k
equipped with a snowplow.
Thrasher received a rieen cm on
his forehead. The truck and car
were both bndly dnmaged. Mrs.
Thrasher took her husband to n
doctor here and later lo the hos-
pltal. He was to be released today.
Spud Tax
Fine Paid
The Oregon Potato Commission
finally caught up with William
Dingier. Ml. Lakl farmer, this
week after two years and charged
him with fniltng to report potato
sales and to pay the tax thereon.
Dingier Is accused of not navlns
the tax on 3303 hundred pound
sacks of spuds grown by him In
I i!t Dingier said he sold the spuds
. to Uie federal government and then
bought them back for feed.
Dingier plcndcd guilty this morn
ing to the charge filed ln District
Court by Ben Davidson, adminis
trator of the Oregon Fotntd Com
mission, nnd paid n $30 fine.
NAMED
WASHINGTON 1st A former
asslstnnt to Sen. Wayne Morse
(R-Ore) Is Ihe new member of the
National Labor Relations Board.
Ho Is Ivan H. Peterson, a resi-
dont of Arlington, Va. He was
sworn in Friday to succeed James
J. Reynolds, resigned. Peterson at
one time was general counsel for
llio NLRB.
'
i '
McKinney
Denies Any
HST Battle
, MIAMI, Fla. W Democratic
; Chairman Frank E. McKinney
said Saturday no difference exists
between him and President Tru
i man.
McKinney, who boarded a plane
'for Washington, was quoted Wed
nesday as saying the President
' "may not choose" to run if a satis
factory peace, is arranged In Ko
!rea. r
j The President next day sold Ko
rea i"jt not enter into Die poliys
;of this country at all, and had no
! bearing whatever on what he may
decide to do.
i This rebuff, coming a little more
!than a week after Truman's de
feat in the New Hampshire pri
mary, raised doubt whether Mc
Kinney would be Democratic chair
man much longer,
i McKinney said his comments at
the Wednesday press conference
i"have been misinterpreted."
He went over the reported con
flicting points one by one in this
manner:
! 1. That the May 15 date men
tioned by McKinney as the dead
line by which he expected the Pres
ident to make a statement as to
his availability was McKinney's
"hope" ond not the target date
set by the President.
2. That the opinion expressed by
the Democratic national chairman
that Korean developments would
play a paramount part in the
1 President's decision whether to
'seek reelection was again merely
McKinney's opinion nnd thnt the
President did not indicate this in
any way.
3. Thnt the President still has
made no decision on whether he
will run and has not set a target
date and that when the President
is ready to announce one way or
another he will do so.
McKinney added: "My confer'
I Drunk Charge
JaiEs Woman
3cb3n senson came enily lo
tji,,,rk m snorts decart-
fFrfdiv. ffer'noon
mcl,tJFl,' . r- ,.. .1,1.
And ln Mimeipnl Cou t
morning 17-venr-old Alex Foster ol
Hnntiv wns fined S25 for being
drunk. He nllenedly hit 18-year-old
Maxine Nelson, also from Bentty,
over the head wilh a bnsebnll bat.
The girl got her lumps in court,
loo, as well os In the store yester
day. She was lined $100 and sentenced
(o five davs for being drunk and
given another S100 and 20 days for
disorderly conduct.
SAM COOH I
Death Wins In Race To
Save Stranded Hound Dogs
DARRINGTON. Vash.t.T Death
beat several expert mountain
climbers up the sides of Mt. Fugli
nnd took the lives of two of the
three cougar dogs which had been
morooned nt the 4,000-foot level
for 15 days-
The bodies of the valuable ani
mals were found Friday by Uie
mountaineers who braved the haz
ardous snow-covered face of the
7,150 foot mountain in a day-long
climb to Uie dangerous ledge.
The third dog had escaped by
leaping from the ledge. Its tracks
showed it was heading towards
civilization.
The two which died succumbed
to cold, not hunger, veteran woods
men snld. Such dogs have been
known to survive 70 to 90 days
Business
Section Is
Burned Out
WRANGELL, Alaska (PI A
wind-fed fire wiped out more than1.
naif ol wrnnffpl s bus npss section
early Saturday destroying 20 frame
hllilHinfR nnH a rplri,n0 nrrhrri
on pilings along the town's main
street.
Loss was estimated by Fire Chief
i William D. Grant as close to one
million dollars.
Eighty-five persons were made
M: homeless before the flames were
brought under control at 3 a.m.
4 hours after the fire mush
roomed from a hardware store.
Firemen said a boiler explosion
apparently was the cause-
ONE CASUALTY
Only one casualty was reported.
Cpl. Darrell Miller (home town not
available), stationed here with the
Alaska Communications System
was hospitalized after being hit on
the bead by a timber sent flying
by a dynamite explosion.
His condition was not serious.
Dynamiting of buildings In the
path of the raging blaze failed to
stem Its advance. Not until col
lapse of the only hotel In this
Southeastern Osaka community of
1.200 persons was the fire con
troled. The entire water side of the
town's single business street was
a scene of destruction.
For four blocks the narrow beach
was littered with the smoldering
remains of the buildings, all qf,
which were built on pilings
cause the steep hillside on which
Wrangell is situated slopes sharp
ly toward the water. 1
The structures were of Iwo story
frame construction, with exception
of the three-story hotel. Forty of
the homeless, driven out in 35 de
gree weather, lived in the hotel.
The others lived in apartments
above the razed stores or in the
destroyea.homite. ', .;i-f ' '
man vimj- -1
Within minutes after the fire
started in the Wrangell Electric
Supply near the south end of the
business district, flames were
sweeping northward fanned by a
25-mile-an-hour wind.
Every able bodied man In town
turned out to fight the blaze. With
the southeast wind paralleling Uie
main street, they were able to keep
Ihe fire from spreading to business
buildings on the opposite side.
Dynamite and all available wa
ter hoses could not check the fire
until it reached the north end of
the main street four blocks away.
Gone were the community's only
bakery, barber shop, frozen food
locker plant, theater, and hotel.
Also destroyed were a new Elks
Club and bowling alley. Redmen's
lodge, one of three large grocery
stores, two liquor stores and two
gift shops.
Budget Bill
Moves Ahead
WASHINTON If) The biggest
non-military budget bill of the year
headed for the Senate Saturday,
cut bv the House S124.471.415 be
low the $6,978,687,043 total Presi
dent Truman requested.
It finances for the fiscal year
1953 more than a score of so-called
independent offices including the
Veterans' Administration, the len
nessee Valley Authority, the Atomic
Energy Commisiion and the Public
Housing Program. The budgets of
all were cut.
If history repeats itself, some of
the cuts made by the House will
be restored by the Senate, which
last year added aimost 70 million
lo the amounts voted by the House
for the same agencies.
House passage of the bill by
voice vote late Friday alter three
days of debate cleared the way
for consideration next week of two
more departmental budget meas
ures. Thev are bills appropriating $1,
786.068.161 to the Labor Department
and Ihe Federal Security Agency,
and $492,434,76 3to the Interior De
partment. House leaders want to hnve all
regular 1953 budget bills out of
the way by April 10. when a 10
dny House Easter recess starts.
without food.
The first body was found curled
up on the ledge. The dog ap
parently had died in Its sleep. The
second was found below the ledge.
It was not known whether It had
been Injured in getting off the nar
row rock.
' Cleo Riddle, their owner, said the
three dogs were alive Thursday
he had watched them through
field glasses as they barked at
eagles which appeared to be at
tacking them.
The eagles were In evidence only
briefly Friday. They angrily chased
an airplane which flew ln close to
drop a box of dog food to the
animals.
The box was found alongside the
body of the first dog.
LITTLE ROCK. Ark. W Tor
nadoes and flood blitzed five South
ern states on the Mississippi River
with a terrible fury Friday and
left 214 dead and more than 1,000
Injured.
Rainstorms swirling on the per
imeter of the storms flooded creeks
and at Scottvllle, Ky., seven mem
bers of one family drowned when
their home was washed away.
Even as Uie rescue workers
scrambled through the mud and
debris of the storms, the Wash
ington Weather Bureau warned
that fresh tornadoes might hit this
afternoon in Tennessee, Kentucky
and Alabama.
By nightfall, the bureau added.
the storm conditions would reach
into the western parte of Virginia
and West Virginia.
Up and down the Mississippi Rlv-
44 Killed
In German
Plane Crash
FRANKFURT, Germany IPi
Forty-four persons perished Satur
day in the flaming wreckage of
a Royal Dutch (KLM) airliner in
a Frankfurt suburb. It was the
worst plane disaster in German
history.
Four of the 48 persons aboard
escaped death, but two were hurt
so badly they are not expected to
survive.
The death toll was announced
by U.S. Air Force officials who
helped direct rescue work. They
said the jlane, a four-engined DC-6
uiuuiuiu -y.um xwiuc uu Jligllb
from Johannesburg, was carrying
38 passengers and a crew of 10.
A partial passenger list released
ln Rome carried the name of an
American, John Bickford, but no
address.
The crash occurred two miles
from Frankfurt's big Rhine-Main
Air Base, where the plane was
scheduled to land.
Cause of the crash was not de
termined. The day was gray but
not foggy and the plane named
"Queen Juliana" was makine an
instrument landing. The ship was
ru-f :uiic vfucu juhbii uhu uiwhiks
to Use on her flight to Washington,
where she is to start a state visit
April Z.
A German truck driver, 39-year,
old Willibald Hoffman, was cred
ited with pulling at least four per
sons irom ine wreccage. He
climbed inside despite the flames,
cut safety belts with his pocket
knife and passed the people out
to his companion, Konrad, Beutel,
and another man.
Two of the planes four engines
twisted off and fell into Uie woods
about 150 yards before the plane
crashed.
No New Cell
Block At Prison
SALEM Ifl Warden Virgil
O'Malley, who has called Uie state
prison overcrowded, said Saturday
he does not Intend to ask the Legis
lature for another cell block.
Instead he plans, to increase th?
number of trusties assigned to Uie
prison farm, southeast of Salem.
One additional cell block already
is under construction. It will give
Uie prison Individual cells for 1,700
prisoners.
THE NEWEST COLORED SIGN downtown has gone up at
the Willard Hotel, calling attention to the hotel's new cock- j
tail lounge, the Ponderosa Room. The installers' were Carl ;
Newbill, on the truck, and Pete Sheeny, on the boom.
Pete works for Leach Service Company. Ncwbtll is with r,
the Electrical Products Corp., Portland. -
er ln Arkansas. Tennessee. " Ml
sour I and North Mississippi large
sections looked as if they had been
hit by a vast artillery barrage,
WORST HIT - ,
Worst hit waa Arkansas where
the rain and lightning laced black;
funnel killed 148. Forty died In
Tennessee, eight In Mississippi, 11
In Missouri and seven ln Kentucky,
Damage to homes, factories, pub
lie utilities and farms was expect
ed to run into millions of dollars.
Throughout the night rescue ,
workers stumbled through the'
muck and debris seeking victims.
The screaming sirens of ambu
lances added to the nightmare.
Arkansas snapped 440 national
guardsmen to. active duty over
night, keeping 100 in reserve at
Camp Robinson, and putting the
others to work In the tortured
areas,
RELIEF SENT
The Red Cross poured disaster
workers Into the region. It allotted
$200,000 lor relief of the victims.
A Little Rock-bound plane was
loaded with 250 pints of blood plas
ma in at. Louis 10 repienisn ine
supply distributed by blood cen
ters here.
The storms blitzed Arkansas
from the southwest section to th
northeast tip.
White County In the strawberry
country of Arkansas alone had 73
dead. The towns of Judsonia and
Bald Knob, about 50 mliei north
east of here, were leveled. Only
the Methodist Church ln Judsonia
escaped unscathed.
DAMAGE HIGH. '
"The damage and human suf
fering is terrific," said Marvin Crit
tenden, director of relief services
for the Arkansas Welfare Depart
ment. "The whole hlgh.'sy south
from Searcy looks like picture
show scenes of battlefields. It la
awful.J. t
School houses, churches and ar
mories in many places were
swamped with the rain-soaked,
shivering injured. Hospitals were
jammed.
This was by tar the worst storm
ever to hit Arkansas. The deadli
est previous storm was June ,
1916, when 86 persons were killed.
The highest single day's toll from
tornadoes was the' death March
18, 1925, of 69 people in Missouri,
Illinois and Indiana, , . ,
CAR SMASHED "
The tales of death; were -many.
At Dyersburg, Term., the vicious
wind i dipped -; onto the road' and
picked up the Car of Tennessee
State. Patrol Sgt. Joe Williamson
and tossed It 300 yards. William
son died.
At Judsonia, Ark., 15-year-old
Glenda Fern Eadte, her parents
and two brothers were in town to
sell strawberry plants. They saw
Uie storm coming and dashed for
a brick restaurant.
The swirling winds crumbled the
cafe. Glenda died with her moth
er, Mrs. W. . E. Eadle. and her
brother, Ed. The other brother and
the father -were critically hurt.
At Carlisle, Ark., the Ray Jones
family had packed up to move to
another home when the storm hit.
Their two boys, Derald, 15, and
Doyne, 9, were killed.
Beginning Monday
A series of live articles ca soli
conservation districts in the
Klamath country, by Hale Scar
brough. These are a continua
tion of the Herald and News pro
gram of careful economic assess
ment of the resources of the
Klamath Basin.
DON'T MISS THEM-
v- vaBMaj w.arn tw-wstti 'pm-ii
1