EIGHT HERALD AND NEWS
Tuesday. Mtr I. IMS
Germans Sign Surrender Terms;
Jodl Pleads For Allied Mercy
irnn r,.. M. 7 malevedt fP Through u iron-faced
Prunian general, speaking after he had finished signing the un
conditional surrender 01 me mw. 7 . V
mercy ior the German people. On the wall behind hit back wa
Huge cnari isouiaung w.u ...,,,....
He wai Col. Gen. Gustaf Jodl, chiei of italf of the German
"""ill .i.ndino In room of a red school houie In Reims,
where Gen. Eisenhower had his advanced headquarters. On a big
wooden table in rront ot nun lay lour mtnucw gminm
which he had just affixed his signature. .,''' j
There was one each for the United States, Britain, Franca and
Russia. Each bore the words Iirst written oy rrtnoini no
relt and Prime Minister Churchill at Casablanca: "Unconditional
surrender." CORRESPONDENTS PRESENT
Seventeen correspondents including Edward Kennedy of the
Associated Press were present at the signing and heard Jodl's
P'After he had signed the four instruments of surrender and
after the military representatives of the four powers had signed
them, Jodl asked for permission to speak.
He was told he might. j... ,
He held himself stiffly erect, conforming to the traditions of
Prussian military correctness. His voice was low and soft and
D Vwttji this signature, the German people and armed forces
x i rinlivrd into the victors' hands. -
'"In this war which has lasted more than five years, both have
achieved and suffered more than perhaps any other people
in the world. In this hour, I can only express the hope that tne
victor will treat generously with them."
PvnrKcionlKi Faces
His lace was expressionless
and so were the faces of the
American, British, Russian and
French generals who represent
ed the allies.
AU had seen German murder
camps and all knew the furious
cruelty of German occupying
forces.
Jodl finished speaking and sat
down. The sound of his voice
was quickly absorbed by the
beaver board covering the room's
walls.
A moment passed in dead si
lence and then the German rep
resentatives were taken down
the hall to meet Gen. Eisen
hower. Eisenhower and his deputy.
Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur
Tedder, were waiting. They
stood behind Eisenhower's small
desk.
Jodl entered first, followed by
Gen. Admiral Hans G e o r g
Friedeburg and then by Col. Pc-
leck, a supply expert.
Faces Allies
Poleck glanced once at the al
lied officers and then studied the
floor. Friedeburg looked out the
windows. Only Jodl, his bald
head gleaming beneath naked
electric light bulbs, looked the
American and British com
manders in the face.
Another Silence
Again there was a moment of
heavy silence.
Then Eisenhower spoke. He
was brief and terse as always.
His voice was cold and-stern.
His steel blue eyes were hard.
In a few clipped 'sentences,
he mrde it plain that Germany
was a defeated nation and that
henceforth orders to the German
people would come- from the al
lies.. He said they - would be
obeyed.
Then the Germans filed out. It
was over. . -
Nazi Germany has ceased to
exist.
The war had ended. " : ' : : -:
The signatures of the docu
ment of surrender climaxed twn
days of negotiations in the cathe
dral city, scene of many drama
tic events in European historv.
Possibly what was born here to-
-tnittrr romiv mmrr niHnm
rmwee mi mi men I iuyuiUM
say: "De Kingflsh don' win
no arguments wid us since
we been listemn to de
Richfield ReDorter. We
fades all his points wid a
world of facts from de
Richfield Reporter."
1 I
ft ;s.Sr7 i
day will be known as the "Peace
of rteims.
Doom Sealed
The doom of the Ulird reich
was sealed in the war room of
the allied supreme command's
advanced headquarters in the big
brick ecole professionelle, which
in peacetime was a co-eaucauon-al
industrial school.
The signatories sat at a wood
en table 20 feet long, and 10 feet
wide, with its top painted DiacK.
The war room itself is L-shaped,
about 30 feet long and 30 wide
on the outer sides of the "L".
Its walls are nile green bea-
verboard covered with battle
maps, their red lines marking
what were the fronts, and etch
ing the plight of the Wehrmacht
which once had almost the entire
continent under its heel.
Attend Surrender
Also seated with the signator
ies were Maj. Gen. Sir Frederick
E. Morgan, SHAEF deputy chief
of staff, Capt. Harry E. Butch
er, Eisenhower's naval aide; Ad
miral Sir Harry Burroughs,
commander of allied naval
forces: Lt. Ivan Cberieff of the
red army; Lt. Gen. Carl A.
Spaatz, commander of the United
States strategic air forces in Eu
rope; Air Marshal Sir James M.
Robb, chief of the SHAEF air
staff; Maj. Gen. H. R. Bull, as
sistant chief of staff; and Col.
Ivan Zenovitch, of the red army.
The allied representatives sat
along the side of the table near
est the wall and along its right
end. Facing them across the
black table were Jodl and
Friedeburg and Maj. William
Oxenius, Jodl's aide. Behind the
Germans stood Maj. Gen. K. W.
D. Strong, chief of SHAEF intel
ligence, who acted as interpreter.
Correspondents were ushered
into the war room upon receiv
ing word of the agreement upon
final terms.
Most of the allied officers en
tered the room at 2:29 a. m. Lt.
Gen. Bedell Smith followed five
minutes later. The strain of the
climactic months of the war was
evident in his serious counte
nance.
Jodl Arrives
: There was another wait of five
minutes. Then Jodl, in a grey-
green uniform and silver trim
of a Wehrmacht officer, strode
In with the blue-clad Friedeburg-
Jodl wore his Knight of the.
Iron Cross decoration, rTriccie
burg's highest military decora
tions were imewise on aispiny,
Neither seemed crestfallen
They moved slowly but resolute
ly to the table, mere standing at
attention. The allied officers
bowed stiffly.
Everyone's visage ally or en
emy was rigid. Not a trace of
a smile appeared on any face.
"There are four copies," pen.
Smith remarked dryly,' "to be
sicned."
Gen. Jodl was the first to put
his name on the quadruplicate
document at 2:41 a. m. Copies
were rjassed across to ba signed
by Generals Ivan Susloparov of
the red army. Smith of Shaef
and Francois Sevez of France in
that order.
. The terms of the naval agree
ment which were signed by Ad
miral Burroughs and the terms
of the land and air disarmament
were signed by Smith and pre
sented to the Germans to be
carried out.
It was 2:45 a. m. The ink of
the signatures still was damp.
Then Jodl spoke, beseeching
"generosity" of the allied con-auerors.
Chairs scraped and the Ger
mans rose stiffly to stand at at
tention. The allies got to their
feet and bowed formally and the
Germans walked out of the room
at 2:47 a. m.
Jodl Not Happy
Jodl, his greying blond hair
almost bald at the top, looked
glummer than ever and seemed
a little unsteady. Friedeburg
was solemn and behind his
bushy eyebrows, he appeared not
at all happy, '
They were escorted down the
hall to meet Gen. Eisenhower
for the first time. Until now,
the supreme commander had
spoken to them only through
messages relayed by his chief of
staff.
In his own small office, the
allied commander with his dep
uty. Air Chief Marshal Sir Ar
thur Tedder.- beside him, re
ceived the beaten enemy. He
stood behind his desk. The Ger
mans faced him.
Even the cares of the leader
of millions of allied fighting
men for many months could not
hide Eisenhower's look of rug
ged good health and concen
trated energy.
His face was stern as he made
it plain to the envoys of Grand
Admiral Doenitz that the Ger
mans must obey allied orders.
On their departure, Eisenhow
er summoned all allied officers
who had participated in the cere
mony of surrender.
His mouth broke into a big
victory smile. His eyes, a mo
ment before stern and cold,
sparkled with joy.
sir Arthur clasped his hand.
then Eisenhower greeted Smith
warmly, thanking him for his
spectacular work of the past two
War Gives Way To Sports
On Zamboanga Peninsula
MANILA. May 8 UP) War
has given way to sports on the
Zamboanga peninsula of south
east Mindanao cleansed of Jap
anese by the veteran RQST di
vision of the Pacific northwest
and the Filipinos like it.
The reason: Thev can mix il
with Yank soldiers and when
they win, lank referees give
them the credit
It wasn t like that when Jap
anese occupied the island. At
first there was srjorts comoeti-
tion between the two national
ities m boxing and wrestling-
dui rinpmos never won. That
was because the Japanese
couldn't acknowledge inferiority
in any activity.
' Japanese referees alwavs eavp
me noa to meir countrymen but
mey couian t explain away black
eyes and mauled torsos, so the
competition was dropped.
Aeainsi usi envision men, tne
General
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THURSDAY, May -10 9 A.M. t0 8 p M
HOTEL WILLARD PHONE 4161
Ask for Mr. Dobbt
Filipino sluggers take nearly
half the decisions in weekly
bouts. Kid Leyte, Sulu Archi
pelago and southern Philippines
welterweight champ before the
war, has won all bouts against
Yank boxers.
The Filipinos still are weak on
baseball and basketball, but
they're - learning. PFC. Fred
Sanford, former St. Louis Brown
pitcher, conducts a Sunday
morning baseball school for
youngsters.
There's a tennis tourney un
derway, too, and one bracket
always plays to a packed gallery.
That's the mixed doubles.-.
days. Ho thanked all of these
present and held up the foun
tain pens with which the sur
render was signed making a
V-sign Willi them for camera
men. Announces Victory
' He left his office at 3:39 a.
m. for the war room, where he
made a brief victory speech into
uewsreel microphones.
"Just a few minutes ago, Ger
many surrendered all her re
maining forces on land and
sea," he said. "They have been
thoroughly whipped and the sur
render is unconditional.
"In January, 1943, the late
President Roosevelt ' and Prime
Minister Churchill met in Casa
blanca. There they pronounced
a formula of unconditional sur
render for the axis powers. In
Europe, that has been fulfilled.
The allied forces which landed
on the continent on June 6,
1944, have utterly defeated the
Germans on land, sea and in the
air."
Eisenhower remarked that it
was "particularly fitting," that
tne surrender was signed "in
the heart ot France," a country
which had contributed in large
measure to the common victory.
"This unconditional surrender
was achieved by teamwork, not
only among the allies but by all
the services of the land, sea and
air," he said.
Eisenhower's voice was filled
with emotion. He said he owed
"a debt of gratitude that can
never be repaid" to all his aides
and all the men who- had fought
under his command.
"The only payment is the last
ing gratitude of all free citizens
of all the United Nations," the
commander-in-chief added.
Began Thursday
Negotiations for the full sur
render grew out of the confer
ence between Friedeburg and
Field Marshal Montgomery last
Thursday. After agreeing to sur
render ot uerman forces in Hol
land, Denmark, northwest Ger
many, the Frisian islands and
Helgoland at that meeting, the
German delegates indicated that
the reich leadership wished to
discuss the larger question of
complete surrender of all armed
forces.
tisenhower accordingly ao-
proved a conference at Reims for
Saturday and transportation was
furnished by bringing Friede
burg and Col. Fritz Poleck of the
uerman supreme command.
They left Montgomerv's head
quarters at Lueneberg by plane
at a a. m. Saturday, escorted by
Lt. Col. Viscount Bury and Maj.
F. J. Lawrence of Montgomery's
stair.
They changed Planes at Vorst
Bad weather prevented them
from continuing past Brussels.
While waiting for an automobile.
the party had lunch at an RAF
snack bar. They ate sandwiches
and drank "scotch ale" brewed
in Brussels.
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GOODS SLATED
By STERLING F. GREEN
WASHINGTON, May 8 W)
Most peacetime goods will bo
back on tho market within six
months of today's momentous
victory in Europe, although
quantities of sonic will be limited.
Within a year, by official war
traduction board estimate, lac
ories will be making consum
er goods at the 1939 rate or
higher.
But shortages ot textiles, lum
ber and some other things will
persist. One official wos not be
ing facetious when he said, "II
may be easier to buy a refriger
ator next fall than a shirt."
Immediately. It is promised,
the "brown-out," the midnight
curfew and the horse racing
ban will be lifted.
Gasoline rations will be ' in
creased within 30 to 90 days,
on the word of Interior Secre
tary Ickes. A jump from four to
six miles of driving daily for
A-card motorists is foreseen by
Ickes, but OPA says the incrcao
may be less. B-card drivers will
get some increase also.
Other rationing programs will
remain in force, with food sup-
Slies generally getting leaner
More they are fatter.
More tires may bo expected.
but tire rationing will continue
indefinitely.
Stoves may come off ration
ing rather soon, passenger cars
not until production hits a vol
ume of about .100,000 a month.
Months probably will puss.
officials warn, before the effect
is felt in appreciable replenish
ing of retail shelves and show
rooms with electrical appli
ances, washing machines, radios
and other goods by which
Americans gauge their standard
of living. They have been pro
hibited for three years.
Almost every industry In
cluding the big ones like re
frigerators and automobiles is
expected to get the green light
from Washington within tour to
five months. But the physical
task of reconverting the auto
mobile and some other indus
tries may be prolonged,- and
even for simpler products It
will require some time to fill
up the distribution pipeline
from factory to distributor to
consumer.
Shoes and clothing, lumber,
pulp and paper, some chemicals
and other items will remain
scarce probably as long as
Japan resists, WPB predicts. In
garments and textiles, as in
food, the shortages are likely
to be worse before they are better.
Flashes of
Life
FAME
LOS ANGKLES, May 8 (Tl
"Golly, they've spluttered my,
name all over the front pages,
exclaimed a Los Angeles girl on
seeing the big headlines about
V-E Day, , , ,,
Her name Is Virginia tllia
bcth Day. ...
PLAGUE .
SACRAMENTO, Calif., May 8
(j)Gov. Earl Warren has sign
ed a senate bill clumping a lot
r .iri..ti.,. th tukintf of
catfish, which used to be a free
ami easy sport In Caiiiornia.
Backers of the mcumira ex-
...ni.. l,i Ihn i,iiirl.li nnmtllltiml
has decreased us war workers
fron Missouri, Arkansas and
points south and. east have In
creased. LIFE BEGINS
MANILA, May 8 (Tl A Japa
nese corporal mil-rendered meek
ly to a 4 1st division patrol in
the Zamboanga campaign.
"After four years in the Im
perial army, I decided there-
was no itiiurc ior iiiu, "
plained. "And the land looked
.... .......i r l,n,,tfl,l I'H iii-rnHfr
and settle down on one of these
forms."
Orated raw carrots, diced p-t are t00i
pica and chopped H"" Wl'ori lw. ,
; j .
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this question:
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How S-P is seeking new industry
for your community
We thought you would be Interested in knowing
what Southern Pacific i doing to encourage the
location of new industries in your community , and
other communities along our lines. ; '. V
; We have just conducted an extensive advertising
campaign in national magazines and eastern news
papers, telling about the industrial opportunities in
the West and offering help to executives who wanted
.a- "V
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V
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specific Information about locating "plants or bran
plants in this territory. '
Southern Pacific is certainly not forgetting 1U 4nt.
job, which Is to help end the war as V&W.
possible. ...
But we aw also thinking of the future. We are thM
ing of the million new people, the vast new tow
tries, the rich natural resources, of this ares. . f
We know that many eastern eompaw"
. . r....!ntfafld
are planning postwar manuio".--distribution
faculties in new torritor
, We have consistently sought to develop
manufacturing along our lines, for J
For this purpose we have long
talned an Industrial department A
this is the reason Southern ' P"
makes freight rates that make it P
sible for the industries we servr
assemble raw materials and mart
H.I.L.J n.l.eM4ei
As one of the forces that helped de
velop America west of the MiW
Southern Pacific continues its effort "
bring even greater prosperity to
territory, knowing that such proai"
will benefit our railroad, too
1?
Th frindly Southern PacifK
4H Typical 8. P. aAvrtununt whldt , .
appeartd in national mattuinn
tatltrn ntwtpaptr
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fAi
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line
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viol
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