Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 16, 1937)
The Herald and Now. subscribe to full Wooed wire service oh the ANIOCIAted end the United Press, the world's greeted sietssgetheriou For 17 hours deity world news comes loin The Herald. News attire on teletype tneeldoes. ENg 8 i 00,0 WIRE SERVICE 00 0001 000 .000 000 000 04 4041 004 ,00 000 400 GOP Picks Man to Head Policy Committee "For Leadership. . . The Mahoney Trophy ;bat , ,) 11. John Harding. center on inst 11141011.1 Pelican football eleven. 1Vdnestiny night was awarded the 1937 1Viills Mahoney football trophy for leadership end inspirational play. Presentation was made at a football banquet at the Klamath armory. as shown here, with Tom Watters (left) handing over the trophy to Hording, who grins an he surreya the "yellow ball" adorning his chest, symbol of another distinction accorded him. ilehind. half hidden by Walters and ilarding's arms, are Coach Snowy Gustafson and It. C. Groesbeck, loastninster at the banquet. Story on page 10. Editorials On the D t N ay s News By FRANK JENKINK THIS headline meets the eye on Wednesday: "Nationallatas Win In Philippine Vote." The accompanying Manila die patch nude: "Returns from yeaterday's riot marked election indicated today a 'Weeping victory for Common wealth President Manuel Ques on's Nacionalisia party In the provincial gubernatorial races." 4, THAT might be Interesting If ) one knew what It Is all about. , Rut the correapondent, whose dis patch In cabled across.the Pacific at conaiderable expense, foils to tell us. No more country reporter would make that mistake. Country re portent work close to the public, and know that people want to know what it la all about as well SR what happened. The big city boys lough at the COUntr), prone, hut they could learn aomothing from it It they would take the time. BUT we do learn that three per none Wert) killed and coven wounded In tho election, which in dicates that the Filipinos are learning modern methods. , THIS diapatch comes from Wash- ) ingtont "Women who pleketed the White Holum and wont to Jail for wanton's suffrage 20 years (Continued on Page Fourteen) ,Cs-v e r,yb c7y C'buys and uses Christmas Seals i - mortal .,3,0411011(1 KLAMATH FALLS, ORE., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1937 mito -700,(1011'1 dittoo R.ADIO ANNOUNCR 1111-7-,L1L 17 Shopping Days Left mar -11F 07. i ( t ,,itios ) 0 0 Lewis Blasts Operators of "Little Steel" rship . . The Mahoney Trophy" , 1 1, "Tr i .;1---7-47.",:wIrrwr,n,77.:77.7.77.7-""""Pri .,,,,,..,.,,;,; L 3 ,, 0 ,, ,,,,,... .P. 'y . .i-; ,, ;--, 4 -4-',41 if q 1.'; ,; .; i I- t 'if ' , ,; ., -,!,-- r;-1',.',-.1 :1! i 4' 11. ' li,, $:;,, , ; -, I ) ." .,.. , -,,: A, i thl ,,,:i ; i ''. 7 c tt''s;p5-- ' ;',,A: 4,.,- ,l, ,,, I41 , 1:'; , : r -, 1 v:si fr ., .i,,,t,11, lAt. ., e.,... 1 ill , p A,I,,,:. t,, ,.,,,,;.,., .. k''''1,' -,.,1 '., 'I c ,1 i;t w ; II 4,i' f It ' l';''4-i ':ti't E ''t, '4 7'' I:. i k, 1.' , F' ', j '0 i .: lv,,hf A; , , i! ' f.1 , r A ! &, ;4- 4 , j.' i'l 1..11.' '1' ' i t '44 1 ' , 'ii '.....' 'il ,, k , , , .-..,, . ,,,,p( 1 i 4 ,,, I prrrsnunall. Dee. 16 UPI John L. Lewis denounced oper ators of "little steel" today and told an upreariona convention of steel workers bin dream of seeing the nation's mill men "banded to. gether" In unionism "hits come true. The founder of the CIO, wel comed amid a wild demonstration to the floor of first national con gress of SWOC. assailed Tom Girdier, president of the Republic Steel corporation. declaring the name of Oird ler "should be syn onymous with murder." "Founded Upon Blood" The shaggy.lutired labor leader (Continued on Page Six) ITALY RESIGNS FROM LEAGUES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION GENEVA, Doc. 16 (AP) Italy today telegraphed resigna tion from the international labor organization effillated with the league of nations. Italy announced resignation from the league Itself last Satur day. The resignation wan addressed to the "secretariat" of the inter national labor organization in stead of Harold !littler, the di rector, as official conintunications generally are. It said: "Inform the secretariat gener al that from December 16, the Italian government notifies that she leaves the international labor organization." Reports were current at Ge neva Japan also would resign frnm the labor organization, thus completing the severance of ail (totem ties of the allied anti communist powers Germany, Italy and Japan. Official Japanese circles de clined to confirm this report. HOOVER CREW GOT DRUNK AFTER SHIPWRECK, Mt WASHINGTON, Dec. 16 (AP) The senate Joint nutritime com mittee ordered todny an investi gation Of reports the crew of the Dollar liner. president Hoover, became drunk and terrorized women and children altalWagera after the ship ran aground near Taiwan (Formosa) Friday. Chairman Copeland, (D-11.1t.) said the American consul at Manila, where 134 of the rescued passengers landed, would he asked to transmit a report on the Incident, Ile onid the report would be made to the elate department, transmitted to the maritime com mission and then handed over to the committee for further investigation. &Itentug "tratt ,.... ASSOCIATED PRESS ,;,t,;; I 0 ILmiOr JOH FINES FITCIL GUILTY OF Conviction in Second De gree Brings Sentence to San Quentin. ALTUBAS, Calif.. Do. 16 Byron Fitch was convicted of sec ond degree murder by a superior court Jury here this morning at, 9 o'clock, The jury took the case at 6 o'clock Wednesday evening. Ten ballots were taken before the final agreement on conviction was reached. At 10 a. m. today Superior Judge F. M. Jamison gave the 37- Guiity Byron Filch, 87, convicted by a mtperloc court jury at Allures or second degree murder, in the shooting death or hia brother-in-law, Earl C. Smith, near Tole Mite inst sitmnier, '),Car-old defendant an indetermin ate term in San Quentin prison. Appeal Planned Hardin Berm attorney for Fitch. told the court he would ap peal on the grounds of evidence insufficient to justify a verdict. judge Jamison previously hod de nied It motion for a new trial. The first trial of Fitch, charged with the in of Earl C. Smith. his brother-in-law, near Tule lake last Ammer, ended with the Jury deadlocked. Fitch allegedly shot Smith on the road, exactly on the line be tween Siskiyou and Modoc coon ties. The two men. It was said, bad been "at outs" for a long time prior to the shooting. Fitch drew a gun from his boot. He (Continued on Sago Six). ' IN THE SHASTA-CASCADE WONDERLAND UNITED PRESS H'10 CHOICE KEPT DARK PEON ACCEPTANCE Chairman Connected With Education, Executive Spokesman Hints. ST. LOUIS, Dec. 16 (Al') The republican executive com mittee apparently was only awaiting acceptance by the man chosen ae chairman of a new policy-drafting group before snak ing an officinl announcement of the choice today. One member of the executive committee, who would not be quoted, said: "The chairmen is not a col lege president but he has been closely allied with education." klurh Telephoning Announcement of t h e mem bers of a committee of approxi mately 160 men and women to assist in drafting a new declara tion of party principles. was ex pected to be made when the chairman's name was disclosed. Members of the executive com mittee spent much time in long distance telephoning today, ap parently seeking acceptances from those selected for the commit tee. John D. M. Hamilton, national chairman, disclosed the steering committee will include only two state republican chairmen. Office Holder Boycott "And insofar as I know none of our county chairmen nor any of the 106.000 precinct commit teemen has been recommended or carried into the final list of the committee," he declared. This statement reflects the earlier "blanket embargo" placed on present office holders. elect ed or appointed, as members of the steering committee. Hstmliton said the work of se lecting the policy group was "vir tually complete." As the party's executive committee reconvened today the national chairman ex plained final agreements on "a few remaining names" still were to be reached. Generally Agreeable It was stated authoritatively that agreement had been reached as to the chairman of the steer ing committee. His identity, however, was a closely guarded secret pending word he would accept the post. A member of the national ex ecutive committee said the for (Continued on Page Six) DANGER OF DIKE BREAKS IN TULE LAKE SUMP AREA TEMPORARILY ABATED Danger of dike breaks in the Tule lake sump area has subsided for the present, according to rec lamation bueau officials. Flow ot flood water into the dike was cut off at Wilson bridge dam at 2 a. m. Thursday, and the diver sion canal was carrying all sur plus water into Klantath river. Although water level in the sump is high, and the dikes in a precarious condition, no crisis is expected to develop unless more rain or snow falls at once or un less there is a high wind to cause heavy wave action against the weakened dikes. Lost river is falling rapidly, officials said Thursday, and run off from last week's storm is vir tually over. The diversion canal, which has been carrying its capacity of 1200 second feet of water, was down to 700 at noon Thursday. CULBERTSON STOPS PLAY UNTIL WIFE GETS DIVORCE PARIS. Dec. le V11Ely Cul bertson announced today he had given up bridge until he could play again with Mrs. Culbertson after she gets her Reno divorce. The 'bridge expert said he was "heartbroken" over the pending suit and that his game was "down 100 per cent." Culbertson explained he and his wife were exchanging daily cables and added.: "1 bet lb the only man who ever sent flowers to his wife while she was waiting for a divorce." rol Names Rose Bowl Queen '.ti ' 1. -, ,,:., I,, v . 4 - ,;,, x..'' - , , : 4- , , ,,- , f,-,' ,,' , 4, 4 -,' ,a -, ,,, ,, lit ik. ,,, .,:4,;&i.4 :, , - 7 . , -,,'-' - - -0- - - ," - , ,,,,., ,,, , . , , ,t,-,,.,. ,,,...s. , Cheryl Walker (above) was chosen queen of the 1938 Tourna ment of Roses at Pasadena, Calif., New Year's day. She will ride with her court in the floral parade, theme of which will be "Play land Fantasies." Panay Machine-Gunned From Water, Hull ,Learns; Japan RelievbiAdmiral of Comma-rid WASHINGTON, Dee. 16 (AP) Secretary Hull announced today that official reports had con firmed t hat Japanese surface vessels machine gunned the American gunboat Panay after it had been bombed from the air by Japanese naval fliers. Although Hull withheld details of the information in the hands of the state department, officials asserted it confirmed that while the Panay survivors were escap ing from the sinking ship in small boats. Japanese airplanes dived and machine gunned the boots at low altitudes. Two were wounded. Bullet Holes Found Bullet holes were said to have been found in the Panay's out board motor sampan. The state department official advices, it was added, confirm also that before the Panay sank two Japanese army motorboats approached the ship, boarded the Panay and remained on it about live minutes although the Ameri can colors were flying and were eacily discernable. The secretary of state, indi cating that this information mites the Panay Incident even more serious than it appeared at first, said he still was awaiting a reply from the Japanese gov ernment to the formal American Protest dispatched Tuesday. MYSTERIOUS "ROBINSONS" BELIEVED UNDER ARREST BY SOVIET GOVERNMENT MOSCOW, Dec. 16 talIzves tia, organ of the soviet govern ment, said today that soviet au thorities "have taken measures to seek out and arrest" the missing couple known as "Mr, and Mrs. Donald L. Robinson." This was interpreted In foreign circles to mean that the couple, who professed to be Americans, have been under arrest since their strange and unexplained disap pearance last week, although the newspapers refrained from any such statement. After publishing the announce ment by the American state de partment that the "Robinsons" entered Russia under passports obtained fraudulently, lzvestia said: "According to Information re ceived by the editor, the soviet authorities have taken measures to seek out and arrest the persons mentioned in the telegram (from the state department)." The most puzzling question seemed to be the real identity of the couple, and whether they act ually were American citizens. Further details of the Robinson ease appear today on page 8. , SHANGHAI, Dec. 16 (JPRear Admiral Teizo Mitsunaml, chief of Japanese naval aerial operations, was relieved of his post today as a result of the bombing of the United States gunboat Panay. Domei (Japanese news agency), which carried the announcement of his removal, declared the Jap anese government was acting swiftly to carry out its pledge to America to punish officers respon sible for the attack. Ordered to Tokyo It was explained that Mitsun (Continued on Page Six) NEW YORK DIME STORE EMPLOYES STRIKE; TIM' OF ALL TAXIS LOOMS NEW YORK, Dec. 18 (-Employe s of three Woolworth 5-and10-cent stores went on strike to day following a breakdown of ne gotiations between union repre sentatives and the company for higher wages and shorter hours. Clarina Michelson, organizer for the Department Store Em ployes union, said about 160 per sons quit work. She said pickets had been placed in front of all other Woolworth stores in New York City. Union officials had hoped to confer with Countess Haugwitz Reventlow, the former Barbara Hutton, regarding the strike, but she was on the high seas bound for Europe. She left unexpected ly last night just one day after arriving. The countess inherited her great wealth from the Wool worth store fortune. -- NEW YORK, Dec. le (IP) Threat of a general strike of the city's 14.000 taxicab drivers grew today as 2300 employes of the Terminal, Bell. and Down taxi cab systems prepared to vote on a walkout. The men are members of the Transport Workers union (dO). GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE MAY BUY OUT FERRIES To END COMPETITION SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 16 (Jp) Golden Gate bridge officials, seek ing to end auto-ferry competition they claim is running the bridge "in the red" at the rate of MOO a day. saw a solution of their problem today in a plan under which they would buy the ferry line for 61.250.000. Bridge District Director Arthur M. Brown, Jr., said the board of directors, after conferences with officials of the Southern Pacific Golden Gate Ferries, Inc., had agreed to the offer, which they ex pect the ferry company to accept. A lawsuit to establish legality of the proposed purchase would be necessary, Brown paid. 1- Number 8121 I WEATHER Cloudy tonight, Friday Maximum (2;80 p. m.) 41 Minimum --so PRECIPITATION 18 hours to 8 a. m. ..... .08 Season to date lautt year to daft, .08 Normal precipitation ....8.70 -wuw W7LflCL tLJ1Jt1J"IrWW - -u-u LMV Senators Back 10-Point Program to Check Recession. WASHINGTON, Dec. le Strong support has developed in congress, a survey showed today, for resumption of government spending on a modified scale in an attempt to spur business ac tivity. Some anti-administration sen ators as well as some Roosevelt supporters said they believed new spending must start In January or February, but there was a differ ence of opinion as to whether it should be of the "pump priming" type. While these comments were be ing made, several senators dis closed they had been urged to sign a public statement advocating a 10-point program to stop the business recession. Budget Balance The steps suggested were re vision of business taxes, approach toward a balanced budgete."just relations between capital and la bor," reliance on profitable in vestment of private savings, rec .ognition of the profit motive and superiority of the competitive sys tem, assurance of the safety of collateral, reduction in the gen eral tax burden, maintenance of states' rights, economical and non-political distribution of re lief and preservation of the Amer ican system of private enterprise. No one would claim authorship of the document. Some legis lators reported it had been pre pared by a small group indiuding Senators Vandenberg (R-Mich,). Bailey (D-N.C.), Byrd (D-Va.), and Gerry (D-R.I.). Some of those men said they had not seen IL and none but Bailey would com ment on it. Some Refuse to Sign "There was a general feeling la the senate," Bailey said, "That there ought to be an understand ing between each other on what should be done about the busi ness recession. Nobody, however, has been authorized or detailed to frame a platform." Several senators said they had declined to sign the statement, leading some observers to believe its circulation had been abandon ed. They recalled that a similar program was discussed recently at a meeting of 10 senators with Lewis Douglas, former budget di rector. Among those advocating great er spending was Senator La Fol lette (Prog.-Wis.), who said an increase in works progress expen ditures would be likely to pro vide business with a temporary impetus. Against Pump Priming Senator Byrnes (D-S.C.) said be believed an increase in unem ployment would force additional (Continued on Page Six) LOCAL Byron Fitch, 37, convicted of second-degree murder at Altura' In connection with shooting death of his brother-In-law. Earl C. Smith, at Tule lake. Picture and story on Page 1. - Danger of dike breaks at Tule lake subsides. No more water going into sump area and river dropping rapidly. Page 1. - John Harding, center, receives Willis Mahoney football trophy for outstanding leadership at ban quet in honor of 1937 squad. Page 10. - Klamath Indians vote to give Algoma Timber company re-assignment of Antelope unit timber contract. Page 4. GENERAL New government .spending pro gram to stimulate 'business in re covering from recession wine strong support in congress. Page 1. - , Republican executive commit tee selects chairman for policy drafting committe, keep e name se cret pending acceptance of nom inee. Page 1. CLOUDY ro.m1 0 ImminimilOr Government Help For Business Aim of Congress Bloc IEEE AFL PRESIDENT URGES HOUSE WAGE-HOUR BILL BE RETURNED TO COMMITTEE WASHINGTON, Dec. 16 MI-- William Green, adding to the gen eral congressional confusion. ask ed the house today to send its wages and hours bill back to the committee. The president of the American Federation of Labor sent tele grams to all reor.sentatives say ing the pending bill was "highly objectionable" to the membership of his organization. He asked Its return to commit tee "for revision, study and neces sary changes in order to make It a practical and constructive meas ure." The house yesterday re jected a substitute bill supported by the AFL by a 162 to 131 bal lot. Green's message was sent while the house debated furiously a pro (Continued on Page Six) PORTLAND, Dec. 16 (A')An other Christmas payroll opened to day when the West Oregon Lum ber company, second major mill to pierce the costly four-month jurisdictional deadlock, signed on 225 CIO employes. Manager Kenneth McIntosh said a second crew of 150 will report for the night shift. "Recognition of our union was a big thing," said George Brown, CIO official. "We are continu ing our negotiations on other points. We are hoping that the example set by the West Oregon will be followed by other local sawmills." Six Still Closed Six big plants remain closed. The Inman-Poulson company op ened Monday after workers se lected the CIO as their bargain ing agency at a state-conducted election. The West Oregon prepared to relieve a fuel shortage. Poor con ditions exist in the lumber mar ket, McIntosh said. Twenty-one striking employee returned to work at the General Motors' supply depot. Details of the settlement were not an nounced. At the Inman-Poulsen plant, (Continued on Page Six) SECOND PORTEIND SAWMILL REOPENS Big West Oregon Plant Signs Crews of CIO Workers. - LIODAY'S NEWS DIGEST Official reports to Washington Indicate gunboat Panay machine gunned by eurtace craft as well as from air. Page 1. - , Japan relieves rear-admiral of command, plans military tribute for Panay victims. Page 1. -- Second major Portland sawmill reopens with crews of CIO work. ern. Page 1. William Green, APL president, urges house to return wage-hour bill to committee. Page 1. John L. Lewis sees dream of unionized milimen come true, de.. flounces "little steel" operators at first national convention of mac. Page 1. IN THIS 1SSVE City Briefs Page I Comics and Story Page 13 Courthouse Records --..Page 4 Editorials Page 4 Family Doctor ----Page 4 High School News Page Market, Financial News, Page 14 Railroad News Page 5 Recreation Notes Page Sports 10,11 1 : r UDY limonme 1 "tel 11.0 e be IS BILL BE IITTEE 16 UP) , the gen lion. ask send its !k to the American ent tele Ives say ; "highly mbership , commit nd neces , make it lye mean utay re mpported 131 bat ent while sly a pro Six) )PENS Plant do. ' to ;on ',m ajor mill ur-month iigned on Ltosh said - ill report nion was e Brown. other that the t Oregon her local El closed. pany op rkers se bargain. :onducted pared to Poor con ber mar employes General )etalla ot not an n plant, Six) 1ST Lshington rnanhina. ws, , , , , , , S , , ... - , 7.1.10 --- --, -, - , A.........7'..7 , : ,. :t7 -7-, , 71."if 1 -7;77-7-77-7,777-7-7 7 0 il ,,,,; ''''-'77..77.77777,747:37.77,7717,777.1,:, 3 ,i' . - , . ,J .?.( , k k c ',', -.' "--P.fr '' .'''': ,' r qii 1,11, ,. 1, t ,,. t! f A. ".' .'!"'",- ',.-ii- t to,' 4 ':. ' l't .,..';', i'." 1$ ' t. A ' t ', ti.''' it 0 el : ' ,:-..b - 1. ';'-', ' It 4 1'4 "'.', ; 1,' ' tO i i , 'I'''t1 .' f '' f c I troV- ' ;ir AL; .:, A, ' ,,,,, , , ei , ... 1, ,. . t 1,t, c , ;, r ,, 1 1 , t ,,,,t , , ,,,l pt,, ,, !,.,,,,, 1, I ,t I 171. ,,; , ' 1 !,,,' t t , ';',,.',! t ,; 1 1,,,;;,,, I pl, t'4,), '1 1,1 ,i;. I , ,,,,, ,, , , , 4 , 7 1; hf li , ' i , : ,, , . ON-k , - . t t t,'4A ,ifAP,J r,:l 1 ,,i,:4-....,,f)i- c'',., ,,.,,,, , 1,!,i,,.,4, , 110 1,,,,-:TaKii--- mgj 1,,ti,, ,4 P, ' kii ' 44,..ek " 1 ''--, . '''''. ' '1;1., 1 N; t I:fi, 11 '4,1 ' , '; t ! t ji i 1, ' '" ' ,.. t i . k',, ',, -4 I, 0,,,.1 , ; t; (.1 - ,-,' , $-,,,, !Y.': r 'N. 46,, -,-,,' ,r .trowoolt....., , 0 .. , , 0 i,,,,m :,,',:s1,". . : '.' .:, - 1:1 , ' ' ' L'''' , ' , ,.,' ; ''04 1 1, -. . , , . - r i . . f I 0.1r ,01A.6.7 4- j it- 5- ,1 1 -2 .r- - ... 4 ,- p.k1.114-'1 .9 1 . I kill' f . ., , , .., 4.4.. 4 - ' ,- . i , k i. 4 1. 1; ',, . .... r- - . .' :.3,' '4 , t l' ii: ' ii,... t. ,..,,,, ... ip ,,, 4:, i 41P 4 1- , r: ,, , ,,,,,,,.. .;,,.., .: '.. 4 7 a -- : , , , '. - g,"'4,;,, .,;:.:!,.....',1,-- -4,.,;, , ,, s.,, , -'.' ''' . .1,,,e - ,,,,I, . , L"..!, ' b-,,, , . , , 1 't f. :4'..''' 1"4, 1, C; , , ',...' l' ' '''' I 3. ', '.,' - ''. A kJ 'T'7 No, ' ' 1., . 'd ,,, . 4 07 . , rpl 14 , I V 0 ; , 1...,. -.:... 10, , 4 ,,- W i . C.Iele , 4 , . -, - w I my' - k- ', 114 '''' - 1 - , . .- b 7 fiieLitit.44 , ,..t II 4-4 -.. , , or,, 4i. ..,., ' li,, .46,-.,, , 6 A rn't, vt, ,ii '. 1 ' . ?11::' 1 '. ''' ': - 6 ' ' . 44 'A trit' 1 , - ' ) t I : litilei'., Or r" - IT' At I . ' 4 4f. f),11 k, ...t 'I? .s.,,r, ,i, -, .. '111 ' 4' i w, t -i , , .c .re-7, ' ,, ' -,-4.,,,,pfha ,,titk ',,v,1-74,0,, ,,, ,, 4,,,,,te , ,,---,,,,k, --, i: , . sk- i , (401(i. ;tt 1. I dream of no true, de. operators at - nt of mac. 1 , , . . , ' . 0,,z:',,4', .,.,.., .: ' ,,;.. N . - . ' ' " .' ,;', .!11;',':J:. ,04';''.',.,l; ;,,,,,, i .; ,,,,,,Ii:.4 e..;:.4;, s . :,,'; ,,, ' f,t,.',:.4,i ',,,...''It,:',:i.'..,,'"" ' ' I'7 ' lil ; ,,,I'7,..,,i' , ' I ' k' .' : I ',', : ' . Ibi,C.,, .7.'. '. 11, , ; ' 7kr;7;,'"..'', , .-4.1;s'tt":''' ''',',, ' '1. ' '' 1 ' i . '0,,, '' :',. Ir . , , k 1 ; I J . . 'g4,,N,,...fieer - , '', : I ' ' ', C'''.'t' . "' ' ,,a,'..;..-5,,I . , ., ,:tr ,..,. ,e . 1 ,-;,, --;::!::: ''''':. !,::.': : 1 or it ) am in GRE S RADIO , -11 ANNOUNCER air 1 SP 41 bor.. o?R , elUL