'mm
A MODEL FARM
How a Clergyman Lifted a Mortgage
on a Pcnns)lvania Farm
GUY tlllOTT MITCHtlL
There Is a farm In southeastern ' tcmatle Is the work that the owner
Pennsylvania which the Department may leave for a week without notice
of Agriculture considers a model twen- to the laborers, with no Interruption
tleth century farm. It consists of flf- to the regular routine. The feeding
teen acres, thirteen of which are in of the cows, the handling of the milk,
cultivation! the remaining two acres ' keeping the barn clean and disposing
.oinr rwri.tiiPfi bv bulldlncs. yard. etc I tho manure, are all worked out under
This land came into the possession of; such a system that they require little
the present owner a minister of the .supervision on the part of the proprle-
Oospel in T!1 with a mortgage or. tor. There is no pasture on tins farm
7,200 upon it.
Improvlnff the Soil.
The soil of the farm Is a reddish
somewhat gravelly clay. So run down
was It In 1SS1 that It did not support
the two cows and one horse kept upon
It. Last year It raised all the rough
age for thirty head of stock, seventeen
of which are cows In milk. It has
been brought up to its present remark
hie state of fertility solely by the use
of stable manure applied directly from I
the barn. The system of handling mis
manure Is such that none is lost, either
liquid or solid. No commercial fertll
ixers have ever been used and no ma
nure has been hauled from the city.
This Is a practice greatly differing
from that In vogue on the majority of
for pastures on such high-priced land
are out of the question. There Is not
even a barn lot, the thirty head of
cattle remaining in the stalls the year
round. We have been taught that this
is not a good practice, for It has been
supposed that milch cows need a ce
tain amount of exercise, yet it must
be considered that the Danish cows
stand in their stalls from November
to May and are staked out in the field
from May to November, and yet Den
mark ranks hlih in the dairy industry
and her cows are healthy.
Balanced Rations a Necessity.
Notwithstanding this extraordinary
practice the bill for veterinary services
on this Pennsylvania farm during the
past six years has been but S1.50, and
Farm
Buildings
and
Silos.
" ''''
the farms of this country, where the 'this was made necesarv by an accl
owner seeing a dollar In sight for a
load of manure readily sells it to a
neighbor rather than apply it to his
own soil, where its value might be
three or four times as great On. the
model farm in Pennsylvania most of
the crops are fed to the stock and thus
largely return to the land in manure.
Upon assuming management of the
farm the owner with no previous ex
perience in farming began to read
what agricultural literature was avail
able. One of the first books secured by
him was Quincy's little treatise on the
soiling of cattle, written in 1859. Soil
ing consists in cutting and giving
green feed in summer instead of allow
ing the animals to run on pasture.
This system .adopted by the farm
owner did not prove satisfactory the
first year because no other feed was
used and the cows did not do well. In
addition the manure was difficult to
handle and it was not easy to keep the
barn clean. Before the next season,
however, the new farmer had procured
Stewart's book on feeding animals and
from it learned his first lesson in
"balanced rations." He also learned
to feed some dry hay with the soiling
crops, thus giving the manure a proper
consistency. Thenceforward the man
agement of the constantly growing
herd of cows was a simple matter and
the farm began not only to pay a profit
but to increase in fertility, so that
within seven years the entire mort
gage was paid off.
The farm is strictly a dairy farm,
the only products regularly sold being
milk and a few head of young cattle
each year. The cows are all registered
Jerseys except one or two picked up at
neighboring sales. They are not only
pure bred but well bred. Male calves,
if worthy of it, are reared for breeding
nurooses. but none is ever vealed. If
a male calf is not fit to raise for a!
breeder It is killed at birth. "It
doesn't pay to feed $18 worth of meal
to a calf that will sell for $7," said the
owner. The young cattle sold from
this farm bring on an average $100
apiece, and about five are disposed of
each year.
The milk Is all sold at 25 cents a gal
lon the year round to a State institu
tion located two miles distant. The
aiilk tests high, is perfectly clean and
free from adulteration. There is never
any complaint from the buyers: on the
other hand, this farmer Is considered
a nubile benefactor. As soon as the
milk is drawn it is placed in perfectly
clean cans standing in cold water some
distance from the barn and stirred
frequently to aerate it and aid the
cooling. The milk vessels are never
allowed to stand around uncleaned, but
are washed as soon as the milk is re
moved, first with cold water, then with
boiling and finally again with cold
water. The amount of milk produced
from the seventeen cows is nearly the
came at all seasons and averaces about
twenty-six gallons a day. While this
yield of approximately 4,800 pounds a
year for each of the seventeen cows
kept is not enormous, by any means,
it ia eoori. The income from the milk
produced ia about $2,400 a year. The
outlay for concentrated feeding stuffs
is $025 annually.
Economy In Farm Labor,
One man and a boy do the labor of
the farm except In hay harvest aid
during the cutting of silage. So sya-
dupllcated on other farms, but It de
pends on the soil and the man who has
the management of It. It cannot he
done by one who Is not a student. A
similar system may be developed on
any dairy farm that disposes of pas
tures. Where land Is cheaper and the
dairyman can afford pastures, the sys
tem would bo radically different In
summer but not In winter. Probably
the moot important single feature of
this Pennsylvania farm asldo from the
systematic manner In which It Is con
ducted Is the one of handling th ma
nure. The fact that the stock I
stabled the year round makes It pes
slblo to save all tho manure both
liquid and solid "" I apply It to the
land, Helng applied dally as pro
duced, any leaching by rains, carries
tho leached materials Into the soil
whero it Is needed. Tho remarkable
vields of every portion of this farm
seem to Indicate that this method of
handling manure is highly satisfac
tory. A JUG EDITORIAL OFFICE.
The Department of Agriculture Pub
lishes Over four Uooklcts for
Every Day in the Year.
One of the biggest editorial offices
In the Government and probably In
the country Is In the Department of
Agriculture whero tho Division of
Publications edits, revises, and In
some cases returns to tho authors
for rewriting an average of four bul
letins or books for every day In the
year. During the last fiscal year I.
463 new pifblicutious passed through
the editors hands, nearly 400 of
these, however, being Issued by the
Weather Bureau, which is under tho
Department of Agriculture. The to
tal number of copies of the remain
ing 1.000 odd publications printed dur
ing the year was 12,000,475. Many
of these are generously illustrated,
and beside the great number of orig
inal photographs used, the artists of
the Department make something over
l.ooo drawings a year for illustrating,
The head of this Division, or the
"Editor" of the Department as he is
known, is Mr. George William Hill,
an old time editor of an agricultural
paper, but he has held his present
position for many administrations.
"There have been very many rad
leal changes." said Mr. Hill. "In the
publications of the Department with
in tho last ten years. At one time,
the Agricultural Reports and other
pamphlets and bulletins Issued were
more or less technical, having the rep
utation generally throughout the coun
try, of being written In about as dry
and uninteresting a manner as pos
sible. The present Secretary has con
tinually impressed upon his Chiefs of
Divisions the desirability of short, crisp
articles and bulletins, especially in
the annual Year Bxks, written In a
practical and simple style, with tho
result that the Publications or the
I)eiurtiiieut have come into very gen
eral favor with the farmers and are
eagerly sought after, which is evi
dent by the enormous number of re
quests for them."
The Farmers' Bulletins, descriptive
of all sorts of farm work, stock-raising,
fruitgrowing, etc., and of which
nearly 250 have been published, are
by all odds the most popular of the
Departments of Publications. They
are brief, written in simple style and
haustive experiments. More than 6,-
000,000 copies of these popular bulle-
lit ' iil- t
mm)
Ai
J ... L
Iff.
dental injury to one of the cows. One
regular breeder is fifteen years old, but
is still vigorous and healthy, giving
milk pnnntrh ti make it nrofitable to
retain her in the herd. Experts in the discuss subjects near to the heart of
Department of Agriculture state that : the agriculturist. Many of them have
thpv have npvpr Kppn a thriftier, hettc ! been condensed and rewritten from
kept lot of cows. Balanced rations are : the longer and more technical bulle
fed to them every day in the year, con-1 'I"', setting forth the results of ex-
sisting of some succulent material
silage in winter, and rye, timothy and
clover, corn or peas and oats in sum
mer. A second portion is made up of
dry hay or fodder, which gives some
consistency to the manure. The tkird
portion consists of meal products, ef
which three kinds are used bran, oil
meal and gluten. Many dairymen
would be surprised to learn that every
cow on this farm has four ounces of
salt daily, mixed with her fodder, fin"
table salt being invariably used ana
evenly divided among the three feeds.
There are round silos on the farm,
each ten feet in diameter and thirty
four feet high. These altogether hold
about 100 tons of silage and this quan
tity of corn silage is produced on four
acre3, planted on June 22nd. Eleven
men, three teams and a traction en
gine to run the cutter are employed in
filling the silos.
The proprietor of this farm has not
adopted any systematic rotation of
crops, as every foot of land receives an
abundance of manure every year or
two. There is but little trace of weeds
and those that do grow are not of the
undesirable kind. Intelligent methods
of cultivation enabled the owner last
year not only to produce all the rough
ace required for thirty head of stock
but to have left nearly 4,000 pounds of
hay, which was sold.
Handling the Manure.
The remarkable yields on this farm
ere due entirely to the intelligent use
of stable manure. Most farmers waste
more than half of the value of the
manure produced on their farms. On
this model farm every particle or tne
plant food is utilized. The method of
handling manure in this case can be
used only on farms on which stock is
kept in stalls and is therefore not ap
plicable to all styles of stock-farming.
Behind each row of cows is a gutter,
eighteen inches wide and seven inches
deep. These gutters have no outlets.
They are thoroughly cleaned daily
(the whole barn is disinfected twice
a week by a free use of creoline, and
the interior is frequently white
washed). When cleaned, the gutters
are sprinkled with ashes or dry dirt
to absorb what moisture may lie pres
ent. During the day a quantity or
absorbent, consisting of ?eaf mold, rot
ten sod, etc., is placed In them. The
manure Is lifted from the gutters Into
a cart backed up to the door and is
then taken directly off to the fields
and spread over them. In summer It
Is applied to the land from which the
soiling crops are removed; in winter
it is spread on the rye and grass fields.
No manure is used on newly seeded
grass lands,
This Is the experience of a pioneer
farmer starting in with no previous
training, but going to work in a meth
odlcal manner to learn what he could
from the experience of others. He has
applied principles and business meth
ods and has blazed a path into a
region of great possibilities. There is
no doubt that his experience can be
GEORGE WILLIAM HILL,
Chief of tho Publication Division, Department
of Agriculture
tins were published and distributed
last year. An active factor in the
enormous work of editing the Agri
cultural Publications is the assistant
chief and editor of the Division, Mr.
Joseph A. Arnold, wnose knowledge
of the practical side of Agricultural
Publications is something amazing.
The storage and distribution of this
orinted matter constitutes a large
and important part ol tho Publication
work of tho Department, "I cannot
beltevo that tho farmers of tho coun
try as a whole approrlnto what a
splendid initio of agricultural Infor
mation exists In these farm bulletins,
which they can huvo for tho asking.
JOSKPII A. AUNOI.I).
Editor, iH'iwrttui'ut ef Agriculture.
They cover every practical subject
and would make nn exceedingly val
uable farm library. Hound together
they would form several large vol
umes prepared by tho best agricul
tural experts In tho country and tho
result of tho widest and most exten
sive scientific farm experiments ever
tuado."
A7.Vtf AlFOSSO'S SBOPPISG.
A Paris Millinery Shop Startled by
Visit t-rom trje Spanish King.
An amusing anecdote is related in
connection with King Alfonso's recent
visit to Paris. In Ins leisure moments
he was fond of t.iking a turn in the Kue
do la Pais, which is noted for its ele
gant shops, and making a low pur
chases, llis majesty's appearance nat
urally created a good deal of lluttcr,
especially among the demoiselles de
magasiu. who rushed to doors and win
dows to see him go by, so when three
gentlemen stepped into a certain estab
lishment one morning and the most
youthful of the party asked to sec some
hats they were politely requested, as
the most natural thinij in the world, to
wait a moment, as the king was in the
street, and the girls were all watching
for him. The knowing smiles which
thereupon pervaded the features of the
little party had the effect of promptly
putting the epiiek-witted shop girls on
the scent. After announcing the great
news excitedly to the proprietor of the
establishment they clustered in a ring
round King Alfonso and his compan
ions.
This was a thousand times lietter
than a peep into the street, and thru.
what an honor I Only to think of the
Spanish sovereign walking in such
simple fas'iion into their shop. And
what followed delighted them even
more. The mistress of the place had
advanced, and. conrtesying low, had ut
tered one of those pretty compliments
which our I-rench friends have so
glibly at th 'tip of their tongues, when
liis majesty smilingly replied: "I wish
to see some hats. I want three; one
for mv mother, in rather a quiet style;
one for my sister, and one for my aunt.
and please put them all t' together m
the same x." The masterpieces of
the shop were presented and inspected.
The selection of the three hats took
some time, as the young king is not ac
customed to that sort of work, and in
his dilemma lie exclaimed ; "Well. I
was never so puzzled in my life!"
Finally the choice was made, and with
the request that the hats should be
sent at once to the hotel. King Alfonso
took his departure, leaving the mistress
t( the establishment and her young
women charmed with their experience.
A X0X-PA TEXTAHLB MEDICISE.
Universally Used by the P -sdlcal Pro
fession.
What Is the most Important remedy
known to the medical profession ? A
guessing contest might be established
upon this question which would aouni
loss bring to tho fore a great variety
of remedies, yet, as stated by a very
successful practitioner, ttiere is one
medicine given to patients which phy
flclans find more Important than any
other. Strange to say, this is the quite
universal and ineffective "bread pill,
which, after all. Is not bread, but only
so-called on account of Its harmless
nature. The bread pill Is sometimes
nothing more than a plain sugar pel
let, at others, where a liquid prescrip
tion is given, a weak solution of sugar
and water, or a mixture of powdered
licorice or gentian, both harmless
drugs when given In the weak propor
tions prescribed by tho doctor.
Of course the principle use of the
"bread pill" is In tho case of a pa
tient, who. imagining himself 111,
calls Jn his family physician, and the
r . 'a. w r
in .7.
'T'Y
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rfmmm) 1 i II I I In I ..,.-? - . I CJJT i 1 I I III
ter of the dlBcaso or wtiors they have
not developed sufficiently for him to
determine tho true' nature of tho case.
In this event he does not wish to dis
play his Ignorance orwhat In renllty
may bo but tin apparent lack of knowl
edge, luce at some stages It Is Im
possible to necur .tely diagnose a ense;
hut a frank ndmi.edon of this kind
would destroy the put lenfs confidence
In his physician. And so nt this junc
ture tho "bread pill" steps In, Is given
to tho tick person, with no apprehen
sion of any liaiin resulting therefrom.
This
land
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DO YOU USE ACETYLENE ?
If so, we want to send you
A 6AMPUE PURNER
W'c Ix lii vc we have the very Kst and the i heapest
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A SAMPLE BURNER.
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XEW yOKK, n. y.
HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS.
By II. P. Hcmcnway.
This suKRestivo little rxv k is n prncticnl manual of Rchool gardening for lxth
teacher and pupil, nnd supplies the tirvt ndcunto work of the sort in this country
This volume is based on actual experience (tho author i nil ".uthonty and director
of the Hartford School of Horticulture).
CONTENTS: Introduction; llnwto Make n Garden; Twenty-Ono lesson
in Garden Work May to Septemln r; liibln yrapby ; Lessons in Grucnhouso Work;
Hunting Seed, potting, etc.; Root Grafting; Lvsmiiis iu liuddiug.
Size, 5x7; J ages, 107; binding, cloth; illustrations, 20.
Hy Hpccial arrangement with iJoubleday, I'ngc & Co., I urn nblu for the jireser.t
to muKo tho follow lug
SIMXIAL OFFISH.
The new Gardsn Magazine, fl months, nnd How to Malt School
Gardens, fl.OO edition, iK;,tpaid, lth for fcl.UO
The GARDEN MAGAZINE is finely illustrated, and is the finest magazine of
its kind published in America. To take advantage of llnr. sK-eial oiler, onlvia
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Th la ofTi r inn v be wlthdruwn lit uujr time.
THE 3-VEAI1-OUJ DAUGHTER OK A 15-YEAR-OLD JERSEY.
Division's work, the document suction
occupying the entire space of a large
four story building. The total print
ing bill of the Division for the past
year amounted to $258,172.
"Although we are sending out a
vast volume of farm bulletins," re
marked Mr. Arnold In speaking of this
latter, knowing bis patient to be per
fectly well, prescribes the "bread pill."
But, probably, the moat opportune of
all times for the use of the "bread
niii" la when the man of science makes
a visit to a particularly 111 patient, but
whose symptoms are of such a nature
that be 13 perpiezea as to me cuarac
ONLY ONE LIFE TO LIVE
That's the Reason Why-
should get the most out of life that they can. The place to
get it is in the Home, and
1X1
IL'S
HEID ICAZI
comes every month in the year and tells you
How to Build a Home
How to Make a Garden Around It
How to Live In It
How to Entertain In It
How to Enjoy Life In It
Some of the rcizulnr tlcpnrtmetitH of the mtignzinc nrc
The Home Garden Music in the Home Mints to Homemakers
The Home Study Health in the Home Home Etiquette
Home Cooking Little Folks in the Home Home Cheer
Entertaining in the Home
am nr.Mi;Min;i
It isn't made with a ncissors nnd a puste pot. There's good "grey matter"
goes into every page of it. There'B human sympathy in every line of it. Theto's
originality and genuine good hurd common sense ull through it. It don't under
take to tell you how to bo happy on a million a yeur, but it does tell you how
to be happy on tho modest income thut so many millions livo on who don't
have a million a yeur to tspcud. Ami tho mugazine costs
10c. for One Whole Year-That's All
And it's worth ten dollars for its good suggestions ubout life and health and
homemuking.
Send your dime or five two-cent stamps to
MAXWELL'S HOMEMAKER MAGAZINE,
1409 Fisher Building, CHICAGO. .
V