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MAGAZINE SECTION.
LAKFA'IKW. OREGON. THURSDAY DECKMIJER 14, 1905.
PAGES 1 TO i
GIANT RIVER TUNNELS.
TAKE PLACE OF IMWGE8 IX CON.
NECTISU NE IF JEUSE Y AND
NEW YORK,
Completion of florins Under Hudson
HI vcr-One of Crcatsst of d. ginger
ing rcats.
After half a century of speculation
on tho pract irnhlllty of tunneling the
Hudson river from New Jersey to the
Inland of Manhattan, It Ik now possi
ble to walk dry-shod from Jersey to
New York. The twin bores have Leon
completed; that In, they have been cut
throuKh and cased In, thouKh of courae
some finishing touches are yet to bo
put upon them. It waa a fow days
ago that In the presence of the engi
neers, the director and a dozen ro
portera, VV. O. Oak man, provident of
the lludaon Companies, spill an old
brick bulkhead with a hydraulic Jack
and completed tho first Manhattan
Jersey tunnel syNtcm. There waa a
six-Inch gap In the wall. A gang of
"ground hogs" rammed tlvo breath a
llttlo wider, and tho party crawled
through Into New York city.
The old wall that waa cut through
waa seven feet thick. It la tho relic
of a former failure to tunnel tho
Hudson. Twenty-threo years ago tho
engineers of the old Hudson Company,
after cutting a considerable distance,
under the river, abandoned tho cnter
prlae and walled in tho unfinished
work with this brick bulkhead.
Two tube-tunnels run parallel bo
tieath the lludaon river, tho work of
boring them being done under direc
tion of the New York and New Jcr
aey Hallroad Company, but this com
pany entriiHted the actual performance
of tho work to the Hudson Companies.
The present tube has been two
yeara In the course of construction.
Tho tubes will cost when completed
about 113,000.000, and the cntlro work
Will cost about $30,000,000.
Fifteen Feet In Diameter.
The tubea are 5,700 feet long, 16V4
feet In diameter and are Intended for
ono track each, with a sidewalk for
workmen. Two tubea have been start
ed on the New Jersey shore, to run
under tho river to Cortlandt and
Church streets. These tubea will bo
16',i feet In diameter. The tubea Just
completed will connect on the New
Jersey ahore with the Pennsylvania
and the Lackawanna terminals. In
Manhattan ono branch will connect
with the aubway under Fourth ave
nue at Aslor Place. Another branch
will run to Sixth avenue and Thirty
third street A trip through the entire
length of the tunnel from the aubway
to lloboken will cost only five cents.
About six hundred men have been em
ployed In the tunnels.
Cars will bo running through these
tube-tunnels in eighteen months. Tho
safety of transportation in the tunnel
needs no demonstration, for tralna will
run In a steel tube the strength of
which to resist pressure baa been care
fully worked out. Delng laid from
llfteen to fifty feet below the river
bed, it cannot be affected by the ac
tion of tidewater. The tube Is a steel
lined hole in the earth, and except for
collisions duo to operating blunders
tho risk of travel ought to be nil.
Many Tunnel to be Dug.
It having been proved practicable
to tunnel beneath tho Hudson river,
the Pennsylvania Hallroad undortak
Ing will be pushed rapidly, and It may
be expected that In courae of time ev
ery trunk lino coming Into Jersey City
will havo its own tunnel. The East
river piercings do not present much
of a problem. In less than Ave years
trains ought to be running from Phil
adelphia to Iioston with no water to
be crossed,
It Is believed that within ten years
electric tralna will make the trip from
Philadelphia to New York in one Lour.
AO TCliKEY STUFFING T
Christmas Dinner Incomplete With
out I hla Ol d-r'ash. uncd Addition.
The latest and most obnoxious
crunk In th gastronomic line is that
deluded epicure who assorts that
Christmas turkey must bo served
without "slurring." He says it 1 an
anomaly, a thing without reason, an
Insult to the completeness of tho
bird. He even declares that It de
trarta from the sweet flavor and dell'
(ate aroma of tho king of fowls.
Thus he thrusts himself Into the pub
! Menu, n most unwelcome " butter
in," striving to accomplish the down
fall of nu blHtorle Institution. lie la
not a true American. II has never
tasted "stuffing us mother undo it"
-the real Klninii-purc article, spooned
out of the deep recesses of the royal
bird In great crumbly innsses that fill
the room with rich nromu and the
heart of man. woman and child with
Joy uuconflncd.
It is the soul of the- turkey, is stuff
ing. With tho bird Itself one Is al
ways bothered about what part he
will have whether white meat or
dark; whether a wing, a thigh, or a
drumstick; whether the wish-bone,
the liver, or "the part that went over
the fence last;" but for the stuffing.
American sentiment is universal.
The only question Is: How much does
one dare to eat? And then that en
trancing, sngey odor, from the mys
terlous "yorlm" that enter Into the nnk-Ing-as
sweet ns the summer breezes
over new mown hay as delicate ns
the fragrance of orange blossoms on
a wedding day. And perchance, la
addition, we shall catch the sublime
suggestion of an onion, wafted Into
our quivering nostrils, and recalling
some dear deiarted maternal spirit
who ministered to our boyish want
In days of yore.
Turkey straight, without tuning!
Not while there is breath to sound a
protest It la tho mission of civilisa
tion to mix With naked nature tho
toothsome miscellany of tradition; to
Mend tho -work of nature and man;
to sweeten with our" best endeavor
the plain blessings of an all-wise
Providence. That's what gave us
"stuffing;" and until the heart of man
grows cold, until the race loses its
teeth ami lives on pills and tablets
nnd predlgested pap. Its multitude's
will Insist on turkey as mother served
It. Down with theories. (Jive us
stuffing or take the turkey back.
FORTUNE FOR A ROSE.
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THE UNCONVENTIONAL SARAH.
It was Thomas Cnrlylo who anld
that uil genius was ii kin to savagery.
Sarah Pernhtirdt exemplifies this in
the buodolr of her chateau in Paris.
Mine, lternhurdt Is a perfiwt Itnrbnrlun
In her deflunco of nil tho convention
alities regarding color schemes. Her
sleeping room is hung in royal purple,
decorated with peacock plumes. Over
her I-ouls XVI. bed Is n canopy niado
of unspun silk taken directly from the
silkworm cocoon. A great splash of
crimson sotln, In the form of a Bbleld,
adorns tho center. The walls ore hunir
in old tapestries, and In tho interstices
of tho banglncs are row after tow of
tiny monkey skulls, tho eye sockets of
which nro illumined with electric
lights. ,
Tho "divine Surah" has parted with
her pet tiger, and now has for a com
panion a large and uely baboon, whose
ears have been pierced so thnt they
may carry huge rings of solid gold.
Iternhardt is said to look ns young as
she did twenty years ago. Her face
Is without wrinkles, and her step is as
spry and her manner as vivacious ns
when she first electrified her native
city as an actress.
A WOSDEUFL'L NEW VARIETY
WHICH UHINGS TIIIUTY
TUOVSANU DOLLARS.
Is a Ravishing Pink and Crimson Tea
-Ono to Two Hundred IhousanJ
Dollars tspecteo Profit Other Huge
Figures for Mowers.
K Washington gardener has origi
nated what Is iH'lleved by exjiert flor
ists to be the flm-st rose everbrown
tlw Queen Peatrlce. It Is a tea of a
peculiar shade of pink with a touch.
In tho bud, of light crimson. It par
tlcukir merit lies probably In the fact
that none of the beauty of Its coloring
Is destroyed either In natural or arti
ficial light Added to this it has a
fragrance cqunl to. If not superior to
that of tho American lteuuty. The
none grows ou straight and stur
dy stems from two to three fct long;
Us parents are the two well-known va-
Mr. Kramer Is a Washington florist
with large experience In the flower
line, many new and Interesting nov
elties having originated In bis green
houses. Among the jxipular garden
roses which he produced are the
"Climbing Meteor," a climbing varie
ty with large red blooms; "Champion
of the World," "Ilobort K. Ue," "K.
II. Kramer," and many other sorts
which have been sold to catalogue
hollies and named by them. He has
Just originated the "Climbing Ameri
can Iteauty" which will probably le
listed by flower-sellers next spring. lie
recently exhibited In Washington the
"P. H. Kramer" carnation a deep
pink sort which many well-known
tlorlxts have declared to be the equal
of either the "Lawson" or "Fiancee."
He states that no plants of the
"Queen 1 too trice" rose will be ready
for distribution lofore the spring of
YM) during which time a large sum
of money will Ix? expended in the
erection of hothouses and the cultiva
tion and growing of hundreds of
thousands of young plants. The es
timate is made thut probably $15U,0u0
THE NEW QUEEN BEATRICE ROSE.
rleties. Liberty and Madam Chatenoy
the former, one of the most poptiiur
crlmRon varieties, tiut uncertain In the
production of perfect blooms. Queen
licatrlce has none of the faults of Its
parents and combines all of their good
qualities; it is resistant to insect and
mildew attacks, nnd capable of forc
ing on the hothouse bench.
Grown atCardiner Hubbard Mansion
It was originated by Teter Blssett,
and wlrt be put on the market by
Florist F. II. Kramer, of Washington.
ItlHsett is the head gardener of Mrs.
Gardiner Hubbard, the widow of the
late (iardlner Hubbard, at one time
president of the National Geographic
Society. She is the mother-in-law of
Alexander Uraham Bell, the inventor
of the telephone. The new rose was
produced at her beautiful suburban
residence, Twin Oaks, Just outside of
the national capital.
The leading florists of the country
have known of the existence of this
rose for a year nnd have made various
tempting offers for it. but It remained
for Florist Kramer to offer $o0,000
and finally secure tho beauty.
Such a fabulous sum for a rose
seems insignificant, however, when it
is remembered that but a few years
ogo Thomas Lowson of "Frenzied Fi
nance" fame paid $30,000 for n mere
carnation, while the greater amount
of $125,000 was expended for the "Fi
ancee" carnation. It la hinted that
Mr. I.awson cleaned up over $100,000
out of the Lnwsou pluk and the buy
ers of the "Fiancee" carnation easily
doubled the amount expended.
Origin of the American Beauty.
And yet the "American Beauty" of
whom every flower lover Is fond has
a verv, very sad history. A number
of yenrs ago n Washington gardener
who made only n specialty of garden
roses, received from abroad a ship
ment of plants, among which was a
"mongrel." This, with out-of-door cul
ture produced very large and fragrant
blooms. It attracted the attention of
Thomas Fields, a Washington florist.
Nothing was known by him of the
forcing qualities of this rose in the
green house, but ns lie rather liked Its
color nnd general npnen ranee, one af
ternoon while her husband was ab
sent, be purchased the single plant
from Mrs. Iteady for five dollars.
Ready, when bo rehired and was told
of the sale, believed that his wife had
osked too much for the flower. Fields
experimented with the plant nnd found
that it exceeded even his fondest
bones. He named It the "American
nenntv" nnd probably cleared $25,00n
on this one deal. To-d;iy Iteady Is
still gardener, doing odd Jobs for peo
ple around town sporting up gartiens.
supplying rich earth and planting
shrubs.
or $200,000 will be made from this
flower.
Attempted Craftings.
Various artifices have been tried by
clever but unscrupulous people to ob
tain specimens of the "Queen IJeat
rice" rose, many coming into the
Kramer establishment where a huge
bouquet of the blooms was on exhibi
tion, offering to purchase at large
prices a single flower for a bouton
nlere. Others have gone so far as to
order elaborate funeral designs with
the proviso that nothing but this par
ticular kind of rose be used. These
were only dodges to obtain the healthy
wood for slipping nnd growing, for
the best time to make rose cuttings is
either Just before or immediately after
the plant comes Into bloom.
One Washington florist who origi
nated the "Ivory" rose a handsome
white flower, and a sport of "Golden
Gate" was unwise enough to sell cut
flowers, thereby enabling the purcha
sers to propagate the variety cheaply.
The Washington Florists' Club re
cently awarded the new "Queen Beat
rice" rose a certificate of merit, the
first of the kind ever given by the
club. The new flower is so striking
and .beautiful that every member of
the club consented to the awurd.
Comfort oa Cade Sam's
Ample Breast.
"Cupid is one of the best recruiting
officers that Uncle Sam has," confided
one of the sergeants attached to the
recruiting headquarters. "Back of
nearly every enlistment there Is a
woman In the case. Lovers' auarrels
chase a lot of fine lads Into the serv
ice. Your romantic youth gravitates
to the recruiting otflce after a serious
break with his sweetheart as naturally
ns a duck takes to water. It Beems
to him the most fitting way In which
to sacrifice himself when love's young
dream la apparently dispelled. Way
down In Ms heart he nurses the Idea
of making his erstwhile inamorata
sad, and It's the army or navy, with
the possibility of death in battle, for
him. Again, other first class material
Is recruited by the desire. of young
fellows to sport a uniform before their
girls. In such cases Cupid does his
recruiting through vanity. But in both
ways be manages to fill up big gaps
In the ranks of Uncle Sam's fighters."
One of the richest boys In the world
Is the adopted son of the late million
aire, Zelgler. He Is fourteen years old
and will inherit nearly $20,000,000.
Edwin Booth for a long time aver
aged twenty-five cigars each day.
THE PUBLIC LAND FRAUDS.
PRESIDENTS PUBLIC LAND COMMISSION RECOM'
MENDS RADICAL CHANCES IN LAWS.
Richard Hamilton Rrrd.
Three men went out west to seek
their fortunes. One located in the
Middle West-not the Middle West
iH-rlinps, as it is goneraNy known,
but the central section of the west
ern half of the United States In the
desert country. He started bis suc
cessful career by taking up a govern
ment claim under the desert-laud act
He was in the cattle country the
cow country aud he made Lis strike
in cattle.
His friend went further north, still
In the desert area, close to the Cana
dian line in tne sheep country. He
took .up a government homestead
claim end commuted It.
The third man went Into the far
northwest the Oregon country of
Lewis and Clarke and he took up a
government timber claim. He located
in a land where lumbering was done.
And these three men became great
cattle and sheep and timber kings,
and incidentally landlords; and their
operations while widely different
were singularly similar. They filed on
their government claims and at the
earliest possible moment each man
"proved up and sold out" for cash to
larger land grabbers. And so they
learned the mode and got their start
toward land grabbing themselves.
The desert entryman was supposed
under the law to live at least three
years on bis 320 acres and to expend
during that period $000 In construct
ing irrigation ditches and other im
provements, and make it bis home.
This was whut was promised for the
law when it was slipped through
Congress. As a matter of fact this
man spent a day with a team making
a fake irrigation reservoir and then
anotner day running a couple of fur
rows around the land, making oath
that this constituted an irrigation
system for Its reclamation. Then
within six months he "proved up,"
made the required payments to the
government, and secured a patent to
bis land.
The homestead entryman, who, un
der the law, must reside continuously
on his claim, erected a slab, one-room
shanty, 10x12 feet .and during a per
iod of fourteen months slept in it just
five times. This was the extent of
his Lome making. Then be, too, made
oath of what be bad not done, offered
the required paymenta to the govern
ment and secured title to Lis land.
The timber entryman went Into the
finest timber section of the United
States the dense forests of the far
northwest and under the timber and
stone act selected ICO acres of land.
the timtier standing upon which was
worth $75 an acre, and swearing that
be wanted it for nis own personal use,
purchased it from the government at
the fixed price of $2.50 an acre and
Immediately disposed of it So that
within fourteen months these three
men bad secured from Uncle Sam an
aggregate of one square mile of gov
ernment land for their own benefit
and use as homes, and sold It out to
No nation has ever been so reckless
or has been so mercilessly robbed of Its
public land resources as has the United
States. Since the early bistory or
the republic, land In vast tracts has
been granted to individuals and cor
porations, and in spite of the public
attention which of late years has been
directed to the matter, tne absorption
goes on at an alarming rate) It
seems difficult for the man who ha
lived in the west for years to realize
that there is any good reason why be
should not debauch and buy out hun
dreds of other who are willing to sen
their birthright as American citizens,
thus enabling blm to acquire a do
main which '.ould have been princely
lu the days of feudalism.
The tnree men above cited count
their hcidlngs to-day by the hundreds
of thousands of acres, but there are
wpetern corporations and individuals
whose figures mount up even Into mil
lions or acres, one can nae or anvo
all day through their territory, the
HON. W. A. RICHARDS.
Chairman Public Lands Commission.
only signs of civilization being barbed
wire fences and roaming herds, where
should be hundreds and thousands of
prosperous farm homes.
lien rresiuent Koosevelt came in
to office be found government aid to
irrigation a question of growing popu
larity. He recommended its consider
ation by Congress. A national irri
gation law was enacted. In his fol
lowing message he officially recog
nized the basic fraud of land laws
and the menace which they afforded
to the nomemaklng irrigation law
and the next year he appointed a Pub
lic Land Commission composed of
three eminent public men. well quali
fied to investigate the land conditions
In the west
Need for Land Laws Legislation.
These ofucials were W. A. Richards,
Commissioner of the General Land Of
fice; Gifford Pincbot, Chief of the
Bureau of Forestry, and Frederick LL
Newell, Chief Engineer of the Nation
al Irrigation or Reclamation Service.
And this commission after a year
and a half of field Investigation made
a short official report to Congress,
iiiitimaj ii n t-"-r- '""-r m anr1-1 vsbiBi "wiiit"-10 -t nr rrir-Trtiilfi
HOMESTEAD ENTRY IN EASTERN OREGON OF JOHN J. MURPHY.
Made to Secure Valuable Timber Lands. Entryman Is cook In an adjoining Lumber Camp
those who were buying hundreds of
such claims and then went looking for
further speculation.
Typical Cases of Fraud.
These three cases are cited simply
because they are typical of thousands
and hundreds of thousands or instan
ces which could be related of the
great west where the government
still owns half a billion acres of land,
although another half billion have
passed into private ownersnip under
the various loose and really fraudu
lent land laws with which the statute
took is defiled.
which was published as Senate Docu
ment 154. 58th Congress, 3d Session.
It is herewith published in part,
showing as it does the necessity for
energetic action by Congress on one of
the most vital questions of the day.
namely, the correction of the national
abuse which Is taking away from the
American homeseeker the opportunity
to acquire a piece of land and rear
thereon a home for himself and his
family. This subject will be further
considered in next week's issue, which
will include an additional section of
this report
B8TTH Congress, i
jj session
SENATE
J DOCUMKH
1 NO. 164.
PUBLIC LANDS COMMISSION
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
SUBMITTING
THE SECOND PARTIAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC LANDS COM
MISSION, APPOINTED OCTOBER aa, 1903, TO REPORT UPON
THE CONDITION, OPERATION, AND EFFECT OF 1 HE PRESENT
LAND LAWS.
To the Senate and ITouse of Representatives:
. I submit herewith the second partial report of the Public Lands Com
mission, appointed by me October 22, 1003, to report upon the condition,
operation, ana" effect of the present land laws aud to recommend such
changes as are needed to effect the largest practical disposition of the pub
lic lands to actual settlers who will build homes upon tbem and to secure
have concluded to submit this second partial report bearing upon some of
In permnneuce the fullest and most effective use of the resources of the
public lands. The subject is one of such magnitude and Importance that I
tho larger features which require immediate attention without waiting for