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fefA TALK WITH
GUY ELLIOTT
Socrotarr Wilson, ha tnd omclnl
bond of tlio pront family of American
formers, views with some consider
able satisfaction the nhundnnt crops
which liavo Mossed almost every sec
tion of the country.
"The harvests lmvo been hr-nTT." ne
said, "and the farmers will mako
more money than In an averape year.
The prices on farm products will ho
lower, but the crops will bring the
farmers, nevertheless, more money.
Living should bo cheaper, too. The
hay and grain crops have been enor
mous probably record breakers and
meat as a result should be moro plen
tiful and cheaper. I say It should be.
The producer and consumer are so far
apart, and so much goes on In between
these two principals that it Is dimeult
to say Just to what extent production
affects the cost of actual consumption, f
a irn.nt flinl troes to tlie
niiouieman; i
too much. I believe. It Is a long and
devious pathway from the farmer to
the man who eats the things which he
has grown. I gave out a statement
here the other day intimating that the
local Washington dealers were charg
ing in certain instances too much, and
a dealer came at mo with a wrathy
assertion to the effect that I did not
know what I was talking about and
tlmt he made a protit of only forty
per cent
Co-Operation In the South.
"I have been watching the South
with n trreat deal of interest." con
tinued the Secretary. "They have ac
complished more in effecting an or
ganization down there to bring the cot
tou producer and consumer together
than has been attempted with any
other of our great agricultural produc
tions. The cotton crop Is a big one
this vear .though not by any means a
record breaker. The grass and bay
crop is probably the biggest we have
ever had; our corn tri p is probably a
record crop and our wheat crop is one
of the very largest"
"That is the order of Importance of
these crops .'
"No, I should put cotton third In Im
portance grass, corn, cotton, wheat;
though of course, our meat animals,
taken as a whole, are more important
than anv one. Why, the poultry pro
duction alone Is worth 4X million dol
lars a vear as great or greater than
the value of the wheat crop. We will
undoubtedly export some very fine
hogs this year choice corn fed hogs.
Pork Is our greatest meat export. A
quarter of a billion dollars would
hardly cover our animals exported this
year. I fancy, probably amounting to
WAY DOWN SOUTH
two-thirds of the value of the entire
wheat crop of the country.
No Longer Big Hog Eaters.
"The American people aro no longer
such great pork eaters, you know. Ve
TO FIX THE PRICE. ...j
"Jfs"' "
SECRETARY WILSON.
MITCHELL' t '
send ortf hogs Abroad" and are rating
more mutton, veal and beef "
"The rresent condition and the fu
ture outlook rr the American farmer
Is a good one then. Mr. Secretary T'
"Yes. things certainly look well,
generally; yet I believe we are very
near to a sort of agricultural crisis
hardlv a crisis perhaps, but an Import
ant and radical change. The farm
hands everywhere are leaving the
farm for the factories. Wherever
there Is any manufacturing you will
find this to be the case.
The farmer has pretty nearly reach
oil his limit He Is doing about all
he can do with his hands and with the
most Improved labor-saving farm ma
chinery worked by good horses. This
bad condition on the farm Is going to
affect production and prices, and that
Western
Wheat
Scenes.
very shortly. It Is impossiMe tosnyiust.
w uui me tm-vi ui um . mo
is coming. The farmer must have la
bor, but with the prices of farm pro
ducts as they are now, be can not meet
tire wages offered by the factories;
therefore the farm hands are gradually
shifting toward the centers the towns
and the cities."
Mr. Wilson Not a Theorist.
"I would like. Mr. Secretary, to have
a message from you to the American
farmer for the coming year."
"Oh, I can never discuss things In
an academic way," remarked Mr. Wil
Bon, with a emile. "i'ou will have to
"SOME PUITPEDCS."
refer to some of our bulletins."
"Well, I mean a few words of per
sonal advice to the farmer, to an Indi
vidual American farmer regarding his
work for next year."
IN DIXIE LAND.
"No, I can not do anything with these
hypothetical cases of higher farm edu
cation." "Well, then, what should a man do
with the manure which accumulates
on his farm?"
"lie should put It on his land," re
plied the Secretary, now thoroughly at
home; he should take It out on the
land at once and not let it accumulate;
haul it out and spread It on as fust as
it is made. The ground will get the
good of it."
"Won't the ammonia evaporate and
the fertility be lost to the soil?"
"No, it has been demonstrated by
carefid experiments that the hauling
out of manure is the best method. It
will go down into the grass roots. It
will not lose the ammonia because am
monia Is produced by bacteria and
these bacteria flourish only under three
conditions, moisture, heat and oxygen.
There are three classes of bacteria
which must operate upon manure be
fore it Is available for plant food The
ammonia bacteria attacks it first; it Is
then converted by other bacteria Into
nitrites, and, lastly, by still other bac
teria, into nitrate, when the roots of
the plant can then take It up as food.
T1IS K1TCUSX GARDEX.
More Than Two Thirds of the Living
of a Family Can He KalseJ.
If the farmer's wife could Indnce
her llego lord to contribute tiio mum
cans patience and labor next aprlnif
to the kitchen garden which his
grandfather did during his day, there
would le perhaps a eonsldeinole gain
In the household's economy as well as
much satisfaction developed for the
housewife. The old folks Insist that
even with the greatly Increased vari
ety and excellence In fruits and vege
tables, due to many plant generations
SECRET VltV WII.XOX AM) OKOVP OF CHIKKH. DKI'AUTMKNT OF AOUiri'I.Tf UK
GROIMJS AT TIME l'r lUl.vr.M r.MR.i i.n.'--
of selection and lreedlng by the see-la-
nn'ii iiiui m- r iiiM.', ii H mm m ii
garden on an average Is not so well
planted or tended, has less varlotw
and on the vfholo Is much Inferior
to the same institution in tho "gooJ
old davs- when grandfather was a
Ih.v. ' . .
It Is an oft repeated argument, in
everv farm journal that more atten
tion should If given to the garden;
that fully two-thirds or tlio living ior
can be produivd from a good garden.
and that With thoronehly rl.-h soil.
good seed, a well planned rot.ition of
garden crops and a medium amount
of hard work a good wheel hoe will
reduce tin's hist exix-nse a very snail
area will produce a very largo a'mount
Not only shcjiild the table lo suj).
plied from spring to late fall, but
large stocks of staples should be
saved for winter use. Of eourre,
every farmer stores' in his cellar po
tatoes, turnips, pumpkins and other
coarse crops, but there nr- many
others equally good and almost as
easily cured and kept which no
longer contribute to the winter's table
i.j.d have been supplanted by cheap
canned goods, In the long nri enieu
fcive and usually very inferior.
Llmafor Drying ;Plck Them Creen.
Take, for instance, lima beans. If
these are picked and shei:.-d when
green the eauie as though for imiuo
rr-.N- "'"r-!k.''.'
4 i t
dlate table use and then dried In thtf
sun, they will constitute through the
winter a delicious and wholesome dlun
almost equal to the fresh bean.
The same applies to green corn, which
our grandfathers will tell us was a
staple winter produce, also easily
dried in the sun, buying been cut from
gptp----- - .I
f. I ,' V ''.!, . (
: !: ' ' ' - r ' ---' - y - J
una '.
Ml
the tilled cob nf'roastlng ear" stnce
And. among others, okra or gumbo
makes equally ns good soup lu wlu
tor ns when fresh lu summer.
When It conies to canning and pre
serving, there Is little real comparison
between the homo canned proi'.uct
and bought goods. It time is con
sidered ns money canned tomatoes
can bo bought probably cheaper than
they can Ih grown and canned at
home. Hut how shout the results?
If the farmer's wife should go
through the ordinary canning estab
lishment she would probably conclude
to do every speck of her own cun-
nlng herenftr and avoid setting on
her table sour green fruit, art lib lallv
colored and sweetened with coal tar
products. ,
With the supposed defeneration or
the Individual farm garden, it Is In
teresting to note that the professional
market garden, as an Industry, has
tremendously increased.
The farm gardens, "market gar
dens" and truck gardens" of today
: the producers of u multitude of
"miscellaneous vegetables" utmost Un
known tifty yours ago. lu the census
of 100 the large Increase In garden
products was recognized, mil a sys
tematic count of their bulk and val.io
was made. It Is possible, therefore,
to nmke n ten-year comparison of the
Increase of such products, and this re
cords the remarkable Increases from
J'.H) ier cent to 4HO sr cent In the live
several divisions of the country. Tit."
North Atlantic States had a well d"
velopod Industry in "garden prod icts '
before l si! i, v hhh accounts for t'ie
relatively low Increase. However. I'.H)
1st cent In 10 years, while the p pn
latlou Increased only u trifle over .20
per cent, is amazing.
When Tomatoes Were Believed
Poisonous.
Could our gront-grnnddaddies. win
thought tomatoes poisonous, and our
great-grandmothers, who grow thein
os ornamental plants in window pots,
Haying
and Cattle
Scenes.
"1. .
under the attractive name of 'love
apples," come back and realize that
over thirty million bushels of the
pretty poisonous vegetables, accord
ing to a statement in Harper's Week
ly, are eaten as a common and health
ful food, they would surely realize
that time works ftonderful changes.
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