J- I 4 WW-Wmhiito., V (Til rTW-wl ft MAGAZINE SECTION. LAKEVIliW, OREGON, THURSDAY KOVKMHKIC 1905. PAGES 1 TO 4. II mmmim n.t III r'i" ' J ' i ' -....,,.,.. ,., - ' I I A PRESIDENT'S CABINET. 0.V SECRETARIES II AYR AT' TAISEIt V. HEATER FA MB WAN TUE1R CHIEF. While Appointment Arc Political, the Cabinet U Usually the Presi dent' Closest Adviser. James 8. Henry. According to tho old mi "It UVes nine tailor to mako a man," ao In the (lovcrnmcnt of tho United Slates It latum tilno Cabinet officers to make an administration. Primarily Ameri can cabinet officers are selected to be come the heads of the nine great ex ecutive departments of tho Govern ment. As one star dlffereth from an other star In glory so one cabinet offi cer differs from another in opportun ity, ability and the power to make a lasting imprusMlon upon the history of tbo country. These nine beads of de psrtmnts are chosen by the Prcsl iltfet and although the approval of the Heiiate of tho United States Is required to make their appointment legal and constitutional, the preference of the Kxecutlve Is Invariably respected and the nine Cabinet officers represent his personal choice, so far as politics leaves him a free agent. To bo a member of the President's Cabinet has filled the ambition of many statesmen. It U a place only one ro move from that to which all native born citizens of the United States have a right to aspire the Presidency It self. If there Imve teen disappoint ments and unrealised ambitions on the part of the great men who have been 'resident the world has not heard of them. The disappointments, the dis couragements, the disillusionment, the restrictions that have been experienced by statesmen who had hoped to achieve glory and fame as Cabinet offi cers can tie read In the national rec ords from the foundation of the Gov ernment to the present time. Fail ure to accomplish great plans and to realise hopes of a lasting place In his tory has sent many Cabinet officers Ccii)iivht 1U04. CllutHlliMt. Wash. D.O. ill .fe.CTr ,v- ' il " " j PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND III9 CABINET 100. Tart, Wliaon, Hay, Morton, Hltchoock. Moody, Wynne, Metealf, Shaw. embittered and disappointed back Into private life. Mav Hot be Personal Friends. While tho President of the United States Is entitled to choose the nine gentlemen who shall sit about his council tablo as his Cabinet advisors, the political system In effect In the United States often robs this selection of Its personal character. A newly elected President may know of nine men In his circle or business, social and political acquaintances whom he would like to have around him as counsellors and whom he believes would make ef flclent heads of departments In the administration of Government lawa and business. The exigencies of poll tics, however, usually compel him to choose his Cabinet officers from differ ent sections of the country and in ac knowledgement of certain potent influ ences, sometimes commercial, some times economic, sometimes religious, and often purely' political that helped make his election sure. The Chief Kxecutlve before deciding upon the composition of his Cabinet Inquires carefully into the qualifications, ability and character of the men whom he will Invite to sit at his council table, but It often happens that the first time he has come in personal contact with his future advisor la when he meets him to extend the Invitation to him to en ter the Cabinet. In the economy of Government and In the social life at the nation's Cap ital, an American Cabinet officer oc cupies a commanding position, but In the accomplishment of great deeds, of statesmanship and as a power In fash ioning the policies of the nation,' the Cabinet minister's own personality, his ability and genius can alone majie success. There are conspicuous ex amples In the history of the United States where Cabinet ministers have dominated the Executive and carved their names higher on the pillar of fame than the Presidents with whom they served. The impress made on national affairs by such men as Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun and James O. lllalne, as ministers of state, is greater than that of many Presidents of the United States. It is not neces rnry to refer to musty history for ex r uples of Cabinet ministers who have won International fame. The late John Kay, Secretary of State under Preal- dent McKlnley and President Ilooso velt, seems yet a living actual per sonality In the affairs of the world. If no other monument had been establish ed by tils long public service, tho "open door" policy for which he obtained rec ognition In the Far East would mark his statesmanship for all time. With his colleague, Ellhu Root, who Is now his successor, he shared tho glory of the late President McKlnley's admin istration In which both men wore su perlative Influences, Sherman' Earlier Fame. Going back a llttlo further we find the late John Sherman standing as the monument of sound finance nnd marking the otherwise colorlcas Hayes administration from 1877 to mi as an epoch In tho financial history of the country. In the days of the Civil War, Stanton, at the head of the War De partment, earned the namo of being the greatest Secretary of War tho United States ever had and was tho mainstay of the Immortal Lincoln In the latter's heartbreaking experiences with traitors, politicians and self-seeking army officers. Tho 130 years of national life of the United States fur nished many brilliant examples of what a Cabinet officer can accomplish and the Influential part he can play In the achievements of an administration. It depends lsrgely upon the. Presi dent of the United States to what ex tent a Cabinet officer may achieve prominence In national affairs. Dur ing the last generation most of the Presidents of tho United Slates have Uen men of Iron will and command ing personsllty. Most of them, how ever, have depended tipoi members of their Cabinet for expert a!v:cn on great national and International Issues. In the administration of Grant, Cleve land, Harrison, McKlnley and Roose velt certain of their ministers were pre-eminent In Ue direction of affairs of state and domestic policies. These Presidents were and are strong men, but ever ready to llHten to the advice and appreciate tho statemansblp of tho strong men tv bad chosen for their Cabinet. Different Treatment of Cabinets. Each President has had his own conception of the functions of a Cab- lnet officer. Bach one has adopted his own method of Cabinet consults tlon. President Roosevelt might bo said to have a Cabinet of specialists. He has selected men whom he believed peculiarly fitted to administer the af fairs of the different departments. At the bi-weekly Cabinet meetings, which are held when the President is in bis executive office in Washington, each Cabinet officer presents a short re sume of the condition of bis depart ment. If there Is any matter that has arisen under his Jurisdiction that Is of a widespread, general character it is reserved for discussion by himself and the President, and perhaps one or two other members of the Cabinet who re main after the formal meeting. Great questions of national and international policy are not matters or general dls cusslon In Mr. Roosevelt's Cabinet They are taken up and debated by the President and those Cabinet officers whom he believes are specially quail fled to give expert opinion upon them. The late President McKlnley bad an entirely different method and the meetings of his Cabinet were actual Btate councils. Every matter affecting the nation at large or bearing upon our International relations was brought up at these meetings and each one of the President's advisors was requested to submit his opinion. The Secretary or Agriculture was asked for his views on the advance on Pekln, while the opinion of the Secretary of State on the type of battleships to be adopted by the Navy was welcomed. Mr. Mc Klnley believed In this way that be se cured the best results and It also gave his cabinet offtaers an opportunity to exhibit whatever of talent or genius of statesmanship they possessed. To Remove a Tight Riag. A very simple way of removing a very tight ring from the finger is to take a piece of small cord or wrapping thread and push one end of It under the ring. Then, taking hold of the other end of the string, begin winding around the finger from close up against the ring to tho very tip of the finger. Then, to remove the ring, take hold of the end of the cord thut was slipped under the ring and unwind the cord. As the unwinding progresses the ring will be curried along with It and re moved without difficulty. LEPERS IS AMERICA. Three Hundred of Them In Twenty States and Territories. "Unclean, iinelenn." This Is n cry which bits struck terror to tho heart of tunny pimple who hnve Journeyed tli roil kIi tliw Orient ami our Asiatic mid I'iK-iric tHiHHcaMloii, but It has probably never ocurrcd to them, that In the I nlted Ktatc proper there are nearly Vt leper. These are' scatter--J over I'O state and territories, but the state of Iulnlun, California, Florida, Minnesota and North Dakota SENATOR CRANE OF MASSACHUSETTS. have nil but nlKiut ."A Over 1.V5 cases nre In Iiulxlann alone: a ihuiiImt of these, however, are among pwple who have come from Southern Kurope.. In MouiKtlilng like V.H) cam- the disease was contracted y this country. Tor Federal Supervision. Penntor V. M. Crnne, who succeed ed the late Senator Hoar, at the lust w-hhIoii of Congress Introduced n till! providing for government siiiK-rvislon It was passed by the Seiinte, tint when It came up for consideration at tho bauds of the Representatives, Delegate Rodey of New Mexico, smarting under the sting left by the failure of bis statehood plans, charged tlint ttie provision In this bill wMh planned to locate a leper colony' some abandoned military reservation was. In fact, a plan to foist the "unclean" upon New Mexico, as there are several abandoned reservations in Hint territory. The lil II failed to pass tho House. It Is believed that Senator Crane pro mcs to again Introduce this bill car Iv In the next session. It will be In troduced In a somewhat different man iier from the old one. It will provide for a "Lepers Home" Instead of "Leprosarium", as this latter term conveyed the Impression that the dls ease was more prevalent in the Unit ed States than it reully Is. To Search For Cure. Leprosy was regarded by the Israel ites as Incurable. In fact the records of nnclcnt times Bhow the great fear In which It has always lieeti held. Medical science has learned little or nothing regarding leprosy. One of the strongest arguments for the care of the "unclean" is, that such an Insti tution would make possible a careful study of Hie disease and. perhaps. In time result In the discovery of a cure. There Is a government Institu tion for the care of lejKTs In Hawaii, LITER AT WALLS OF JERUSALEM. at Moloksl. where often a leper Is sep arated from bis family by forcible means, l'uthera and mothers nre tak en from ttieir children, a enuu rrom Its parents, a friend from friend and all this at a time when the afflicted is to all intents and pui'imsc perfect ly well. itJoWrnment officials state, however, that Is not the Idea In the establishment of this new institution under the Crane bill, to take any leper from his family by forcible ineuus. The plan will be merely to Isolate all cuses. F I J i M ' Tg-""" 1 f- . " s.- -1 MILADY'S D.'AMONES. HISTORY OF TUB SECKLACB. ITS MASUFACTURB AFFORDS MUCII EMPLOYMENT. Raw Diamonds as Duer Are Com paratively Cheap Creat Coat Cornea From the Polishing, Cutting and Filling. One morning last spring there ap peared In the London papers graphic doiK-rlptlon of tho arrival at South amptoti of fie "Culllnsn," tho 3,0.'!2 carat t oz.) diamond found in the Premier mine, Johannesburg, In Jan uary. Dall of the appearance of the two agents from South Africa, the black bag carried by the older ami said to contain the biggest diamond In the. world, the crowd at the docks, the detectives sent from Scotland Yard, filled a column. As a matter of fact, the Culllnan made the trip from Johannesburg to London In an ordln- This neiklace took the highest award at the Saint Louis Exposition. Its value is $j;o,ooo. It contains French Crown Diamonds presented bv Natolean 'to Josephine on their divorce, and which later passed throueh many hands, including the notorious Alme. Humbert. It ha always brought disaster to the possessor. It also contains two big unnfs which served as cuff buttons for Boss " 7 weed of A'ew York MrrXmV Ladj Hope's (May Yohe) collection; Alvin JosUn gems anTllaximilliin 'diamonds. Exhibited by Maurice Bower of A'ew York. through the' registered mail, postage two shill n innnnsmeiinuH uauhiiKc ings. It Is not impossible luai me Knnthnmnton romance was conceived and paid for at advertising rates by the owners or underwriters to divert attention, for the diamond was valued at four million and insured for two and a half million dollars. Two more large diamonds have since Iwn found In the same mine, one weighing 334 carats and the other 4G0 carats. One wonders wuo can auoru to buy these Btones. It will cost enor mously to put them on the market Most diamonds are Bold outright by th miner to the cutter, and one of the biggest South African diamond kings has said that the margin of profit up on which the entire diamond industry Is carried on Is but little larger man the percentage of gain In any other line of business. The Jewellers of rnrls claim that In proportion as the value of the dia monds in a necKiace uecreuses, bo uoe the cost of setting increase. A dia mond necklace that sells for $ n.ooo has cost the jeweller $000. in mount ing, while one that sells for $200,000 will require an expenditure of only S.'ttH) in the mounting. rom. tne fl!t),700 remaining iu the latter case, still further deduction must be made for the expense of preparing the stones. The figures obtained on a $.00,000 necklace In a Paris shop imit ated that the diamonds composing n were valued at much less than $89,000 when rough. The woman who buys such an ornament contributes more to the actual prosperity of the working ass than many or me so-caiieu social reformers who rave at her ex travagance. How Diamonds are Cut. So far. Europe has been the center of the diamond-cutting industry, in Amsterdam there are more than 15,000 utters, in Antwerp 3,000, in the J lira Mountain district liOO. In Paris 200 and In London only 150. They are divided into three classes, cleavers, shapers and polishers. The cleaver examines the rough diamond, and if io finds a flaw cuts 1. Into as many perfect gems as tho grain of the car- ion will permit, ror tins purpose the rough stone is set In mold to which It is securely attached with aluminum, and then applied to the cutting tool a circular saw altout 5 Inches In diam eter, made of soft copper, with a uilx- tnre of oil and diamond dust rnblied Into the edge. The saw rotates at a tremendous iNd, being turned by a leather lelt running from an engine. An exiert cleaver. If paid so much per diamond cut could make from $'!0 to tm, and as one cleaver furnishes work for M or fio shapers, -would ijnlckly work himself out of a Job. Coiiserinentljr, bo prefers to go slowly and receive a monthly wago of 12U. The simper or "tmiteiirs" ontilne the form in which the diamond will ultimately appear. In this ojieratlon, the "brutetir" takes two stones of sim ilar size and hardnesn, lit each Into a metal cap, sets one In a machine that resembles a carpenter's latbo, and as it revolves the second stone Is pressed against It The dust caused by the friction Is cn tight In a tiny box. Lcforo the Invention of this mac-bine, the "brutour" held the diamonds be tween the thumb and forefinger of each hand and rented the little fingers on the sides of the tank, which is made of brass. In time the constant pressure on the brass wore the sides of the box Into grooves, while the continued effort of rubbing the dia monds against each other brought on a nervous jerking of the forearms, and the strained attitude of tbe head, always bent forward to watch the shaping of the gems, caused great swellings at the back of tbe neck. Usually the "bruteur" spends three days on the shaping of a stone ami makes from $-.40 to $3.00 a day. The polisher who makes the facets, uses a machine which carries a metal disc placed horixoutally and revolving at the rate of ".'.SoO revolutions iter minute. The disc is of steel with a preparation of diamond dust and puri fied olive oil rubbed into the surface. By means of a copper holder and a Every reader of this paper should have this book. Cut off the coupon and mail to us -with $1.50. & 1. rt Illustrated by Ernest Haskell The Missourian Th romantic adventures of John Dinwiddle Driacoll (nicknamed "The Storm Centre iU. vm i u. aiuiiuiiuui m tunica, wnera oil secret muuuon cornea into con met with that of the beautiful Jacqueline. Tho best romantic American novel ot re cent yeara. tea$trhat$ofeufofit9claupoienm the iklT-k . J. . J A . . - a . w vmr vwry ajviuvnt v curctt ana DOiJBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 3i-37 East 16th St., New York. metal fork which form purt of tho ' pparatus, the diamond Is held against , the revolving disc, and as sometime E stom less than an eighth of an inch In diameter has 100 facets, great nice- i ty on the part of the: workiii.m Is re quired, and tho position of the dia mond is ettanged more than 100 times before the requisite lustre and finish are secured. Tho polisher works al ways with a magnifying glass. ' makes from $.1.00 to $4.00 a day. Three Hundred Diamonds In Necklu In the $200,000 necklace mentioned there were .100 diamonds. Allowing three days' brutage (rough shaping). nd three months' polishing on each. the sum expended for these two Items lone amounts to $110,700. After the stones arrived at tbe bw- ller's, they had, of course, to le mounted. To this end tbe big shops of Paris employ a staff of designers. goldsmiths, silversmiths, setters and polishers. Usually, the designers are men who bave come Into the shop In a less important capacity, shown talent. been sent by the firm to an art school nd put through a course of Instrne- tlon. According to his ability, a de- Igner earns from $00 to $100 a month. He may work for months without pro ducing a single sketch that goes to tbe studios, then In a week he will turn out two or three that meet the diffi cult taste of the employer. Des'gns are done In water colors. In Paris, the real Jeweller Is not the owner of the shop, but the craftsman who fashions tbe gold or platinum In to the skeleton that holds the precious stones. In America He is called a gold or silversmith. Each separate clasp or gem-bolder, goes first to the pousiier. men to a jeweller who ssembles, or Joins together, the entire frame for the necklace, tiara, or whatever the design may call for. and again to the polisher. The setter, as his name Indicates. fastens or sets tbe diamonds into tbe framework, and sends It on a last visit to tbe polisher. Polishers are Women. The polishers are usually women. As a rule they work In groups of five or six under a patroness, who keeps a little apartment In a narrow street of Montmartre, Galllon, Mail, or some other cheap and crowded quarter of Paris, vvltn good luck the patroness makes from $1,000 to 11,200 a year. Tbe polishers are taken aa apprentices at 14 years of age. At 18 they may get forty to sixty cents a day, and at IS a dollar to a dollar twenty. The labor of all these craftsmen dta tbe necklace in mind amounted to about $300, which added to $110,700 for preparing the diamonds, and deducted from tbe selling price of $200,000 left only $S9.000 to cover cost of rough stoues, incidental expense of handling, etc., could not have left any phenomenal profit for the mine owner who dug and delivered them to the cutter. Such a necklace is said to furnish work enoutrb to snnnort 40rt families for a year. Of course, this does not take into consideration the workers in the mines, nor the hear staff of clerks and officials necessary to carry on the big diamond producing fields. The business of finishing the raw diamond for the final Durchaser offers the best paid labor to be found in Europe. Owlne to the dutv on cnt gems brought into this country, Amer ican dealers are building up a similar Industry In the United States, and it Is rational to suppose that the crafts men employed In this conntrr win receive even still hltrher Wflffea than those paid abroad. Hare Several Lives. 'At this height." mild tha rnl,1a mm they paused on the mountain side to gaze down the vallev. far helow nan- pie with weak lungs often die." 'Wonderful country, wonderful ell. mate," murmured the Visitor. "How'a thatr said the euide. sus piciously. "Why I suppose of course vou have a way of bringing them to life again for the next "dying." By Eugene P. Lyle, Jr. Published August 1st 13TH THOUSAND ALREADY All "Bookstores, 1.50 femnt of rtylwrvught jj&JS fit. Louil Republic. . aV. -V . ... Jr C fc OF-. pcunjuiueing f t- ft.' i S' ' t -A