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MAGAZINE SECTION.
LAKEVIliW, OREGON, THURSDAY KOVKMHKIC 1905.
PAGES 1 TO 4.
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A PRESIDENT'S CABINET.
0.V SECRETARIES II AYR AT'
TAISEIt V. HEATER FA MB WAN
TUE1R CHIEF.
While Appointment Arc Political,
the Cabinet U Usually the Presi
dent' Closest Adviser.
James 8. Henry.
According to tho old mi "It UVes
nine tailor to mako a man," ao In the
(lovcrnmcnt of tho United Slates It
latum tilno Cabinet officers to make
an administration. Primarily Ameri
can cabinet officers are selected to be
come the heads of the nine great ex
ecutive departments of tho Govern
ment. As one star dlffereth from an
other star In glory so one cabinet offi
cer differs from another in opportun
ity, ability and the power to make a
lasting imprusMlon upon the history of
tbo country. These nine beads of de
psrtmnts are chosen by the Prcsl
iltfet and although the approval of the
Heiiate of tho United States Is required
to make their appointment legal and
constitutional, the preference of the
Kxecutlve Is Invariably respected and
the nine Cabinet officers represent his
personal choice, so far as politics
leaves him a free agent.
To bo a member of the President's
Cabinet has filled the ambition of many
statesmen. It U a place only one ro
move from that to which all native
born citizens of the United States have
a right to aspire the Presidency It
self. If there Imve teen disappoint
ments and unrealised ambitions on the
part of the great men who have been
'resident the world has not heard of
them. The disappointments, the dis
couragements, the disillusionment, the
restrictions that have been experienced
by statesmen who had hoped to
achieve glory and fame as Cabinet offi
cers can tie read In the national rec
ords from the foundation of the Gov
ernment to the present time. Fail
ure to accomplish great plans and to
realise hopes of a lasting place In his
tory has sent many Cabinet officers
Ccii)iivht 1U04. CllutHlliMt. Wash. D.O.
ill .fe.CTr ,v- ' il
" " j
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND III9 CABINET 100.
Tart, Wliaon, Hay, Morton, Hltchoock. Moody, Wynne, Metealf, Shaw.
embittered and disappointed back Into
private life.
Mav Hot be Personal Friends.
While tho President of the United
States Is entitled to choose the nine
gentlemen who shall sit about his
council tablo as his Cabinet advisors,
the political system In effect In the
United States often robs this selection
of Its personal character. A newly
elected President may know of nine
men In his circle or business, social and
political acquaintances whom he would
like to have around him as counsellors
and whom he believes would make ef
flclent heads of departments In the
administration of Government lawa
and business. The exigencies of poll
tics, however, usually compel him to
choose his Cabinet officers from differ
ent sections of the country and in ac
knowledgement of certain potent influ
ences, sometimes commercial, some
times economic, sometimes religious,
and often purely' political that helped
make his election sure. The Chief
Kxecutlve before deciding upon the
composition of his Cabinet Inquires
carefully into the qualifications, ability
and character of the men whom he will
Invite to sit at his council table, but
It often happens that the first time he
has come in personal contact with his
future advisor la when he meets him
to extend the Invitation to him to en
ter the Cabinet.
In the economy of Government and
In the social life at the nation's Cap
ital, an American Cabinet officer oc
cupies a commanding position, but In
the accomplishment of great deeds, of
statesmanship and as a power In fash
ioning the policies of the nation,' the
Cabinet minister's own personality, his
ability and genius can alone majie
success. There are conspicuous ex
amples In the history of the United
States where Cabinet ministers have
dominated the Executive and carved
their names higher on the pillar of
fame than the Presidents with whom
they served. The impress made on
national affairs by such men as Daniel
Webster, John C. Calhoun and James
O. lllalne, as ministers of state, is
greater than that of many Presidents
of the United States. It is not neces
rnry to refer to musty history for ex
r uples of Cabinet ministers who have
won International fame. The late John
Kay, Secretary of State under Preal-
dent McKlnley and President Ilooso
velt, seems yet a living actual per
sonality In the affairs of the world. If
no other monument had been establish
ed by tils long public service, tho "open
door" policy for which he obtained rec
ognition In the Far East would mark
his statesmanship for all time. With
his colleague, Ellhu Root, who Is now
his successor, he shared tho glory of
the late President McKlnley's admin
istration In which both men wore su
perlative Influences,
Sherman' Earlier Fame.
Going back a llttlo further we find
the late John Sherman standing as
the monument of sound finance nnd
marking the otherwise colorlcas Hayes
administration from 1877 to mi as an
epoch In tho financial history of the
country. In the days of the Civil War,
Stanton, at the head of the War De
partment, earned the namo of being
the greatest Secretary of War tho
United States ever had and was tho
mainstay of the Immortal Lincoln In
the latter's heartbreaking experiences
with traitors, politicians and self-seeking
army officers. Tho 130 years of
national life of the United States fur
nished many brilliant examples of
what a Cabinet officer can accomplish
and the Influential part he can play In
the achievements of an administration.
It depends lsrgely upon the. Presi
dent of the United States to what ex
tent a Cabinet officer may achieve
prominence In national affairs. Dur
ing the last generation most of the
Presidents of tho United Slates have
Uen men of Iron will and command
ing personsllty. Most of them, how
ever, have depended tipoi members of
their Cabinet for expert a!v:cn on
great national and International Issues.
In the administration of Grant, Cleve
land, Harrison, McKlnley and Roose
velt certain of their ministers were
pre-eminent In Ue direction of affairs
of state and domestic policies. These
Presidents were and are strong men,
but ever ready to llHten to the advice
and appreciate tho statemansblp of tho
strong men tv bad chosen for their
Cabinet.
Different Treatment of Cabinets.
Each President has had his own
conception of the functions of a Cab-
lnet officer. Bach one has adopted
his own method of Cabinet consults
tlon. President Roosevelt might bo
said to have a Cabinet of specialists.
He has selected men whom he believed
peculiarly fitted to administer the af
fairs of the different departments. At
the bi-weekly Cabinet meetings, which
are held when the President is in bis
executive office in Washington, each
Cabinet officer presents a short re
sume of the condition of bis depart
ment. If there Is any matter that has
arisen under his Jurisdiction that Is of
a widespread, general character it is
reserved for discussion by himself and
the President, and perhaps one or two
other members of the Cabinet who re
main after the formal meeting. Great
questions of national and international
policy are not matters or general dls
cusslon In Mr. Roosevelt's Cabinet
They are taken up and debated by the
President and those Cabinet officers
whom he believes are specially quail
fled to give expert opinion upon them.
The late President McKlnley bad an
entirely different method and the
meetings of his Cabinet were actual
Btate councils. Every matter affecting
the nation at large or bearing upon our
International relations was brought up
at these meetings and each one of the
President's advisors was requested to
submit his opinion. The Secretary or
Agriculture was asked for his views
on the advance on Pekln, while the
opinion of the Secretary of State on
the type of battleships to be adopted
by the Navy was welcomed. Mr. Mc
Klnley believed In this way that be se
cured the best results and It also gave
his cabinet offtaers an opportunity to
exhibit whatever of talent or genius
of statesmanship they possessed.
To Remove a Tight Riag.
A very simple way of removing a
very tight ring from the finger is to
take a piece of small cord or wrapping
thread and push one end of It under
the ring. Then, taking hold of the
other end of the string, begin winding
around the finger from close up against
the ring to tho very tip of the finger.
Then, to remove the ring, take hold
of the end of the cord thut was slipped
under the ring and unwind the cord.
As the unwinding progresses the ring
will be curried along with It and re
moved without difficulty.
LEPERS IS AMERICA.
Three Hundred of Them In Twenty
States and Territories.
"Unclean, iinelenn." This Is n cry
which bits struck terror to tho heart
of tunny pimple who hnve Journeyed
tli roil kIi tliw Orient ami our Asiatic
mid I'iK-iric tHiHHcaMloii, but It has
probably never ocurrcd to them, that
In the I nlted Ktatc proper there are
nearly Vt leper. These are' scatter--J
over I'O state and territories, but
the state of Iulnlun, California,
Florida, Minnesota and North Dakota
SENATOR CRANE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
have nil but nlKiut ."A Over 1.V5 cases
nre In Iiulxlann alone: a ihuiiImt of
these, however, are among pwple who
have come from Southern Kurope.. In
MouiKtlilng like V.H) cam- the disease
was contracted y this country.
Tor Federal Supervision.
Penntor V. M. Crnne, who succeed
ed the late Senator Hoar, at the lust
w-hhIoii of Congress Introduced n till!
providing for government siiiK-rvislon
It was passed by the Seiinte, tint
when It came up for consideration
at tho bauds of the Representatives,
Delegate Rodey of New Mexico,
smarting under the sting left by the
failure of bis statehood plans, charged
tlint ttie provision In this bill wMh
planned to locate a leper colony'
some abandoned military reservation
was. In fact, a plan to foist the
"unclean" upon New Mexico, as there
are several abandoned reservations in
Hint territory.
The lil II failed to pass tho House.
It Is believed that Senator Crane pro
mcs to again Introduce this bill car
Iv In the next session. It will be In
troduced In a somewhat different man
iier from the old one. It will provide
for a "Lepers Home" Instead of
"Leprosarium", as this latter term
conveyed the Impression that the dls
ease was more prevalent in the Unit
ed States than it reully Is.
To Search For Cure.
Leprosy was regarded by the Israel
ites as Incurable. In fact the records
of nnclcnt times Bhow the great fear
In which It has always lieeti held.
Medical science has learned little or
nothing regarding leprosy. One of
the strongest arguments for the care
of the "unclean" is, that such an Insti
tution would make possible a careful
study of Hie disease and. perhaps. In
time result In the discovery of a
cure. There Is a government Institu
tion for the care of lejKTs In Hawaii,
LITER AT WALLS OF JERUSALEM.
at Moloksl. where often a leper Is sep
arated from bis family by forcible
means, l'uthera and mothers nre tak
en from ttieir children, a enuu rrom
Its parents, a friend from friend and
all this at a time when the afflicted
is to all intents and pui'imsc perfect
ly well. itJoWrnment officials state,
however, that Is not the Idea In the
establishment of this new institution
under the Crane bill, to take any leper
from his family by forcible ineuus.
The plan will be merely to Isolate all
cuses.
F
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MILADY'S D.'AMONES.
HISTORY OF TUB SECKLACB.
ITS MASUFACTURB AFFORDS
MUCII EMPLOYMENT.
Raw Diamonds as Duer Are Com
paratively Cheap Creat Coat Cornea
From the Polishing, Cutting and
Filling.
One morning last spring there ap
peared In the London papers graphic
doiK-rlptlon of tho arrival at South
amptoti of fie "Culllnsn," tho 3,0.'!2
carat t oz.) diamond found in the
Premier mine, Johannesburg, In Jan
uary. Dall of the appearance of
the two agents from South Africa, the
black bag carried by the older ami
said to contain the biggest diamond In
the. world, the crowd at the docks, the
detectives sent from Scotland Yard,
filled a column. As a matter of fact,
the Culllnan made the trip from
Johannesburg to London In an ordln-
This neiklace took the highest award at the Saint Louis Exposition.
Its value is $j;o,ooo. It contains French Crown Diamonds presented
bv Natolean 'to Josephine on their divorce, and which later passed
throueh many hands, including the notorious Alme. Humbert. It ha
always brought disaster to the possessor. It also contains two big
unnfs which served as cuff buttons for Boss " 7 weed of A'ew York
MrrXmV Ladj Hope's (May Yohe) collection; Alvin JosUn
gems anTllaximilliin 'diamonds. Exhibited by Maurice Bower of
A'ew York.
through
the' registered mail, postage two shill
n innnnsmeiinuH uauhiiKc
ings. It Is not impossible luai me
Knnthnmnton romance was conceived
and paid for at advertising rates by
the owners or underwriters to divert
attention, for the diamond was valued
at four million and insured for two
and a half million dollars.
Two more large diamonds have since
Iwn found In the same mine, one
weighing 334 carats and the other 4G0
carats. One wonders wuo can auoru
to buy these Btones. It will cost enor
mously to put them on the market
Most diamonds are Bold outright by
th miner to the cutter, and one of the
biggest South African diamond kings
has said that the margin of profit up
on which the entire diamond industry
Is carried on Is but little larger man
the percentage of gain In any other
line of business.
The Jewellers of rnrls claim that In
proportion as the value of the dia
monds in a necKiace uecreuses, bo uoe
the cost of setting increase. A dia
mond necklace that sells for $ n.ooo
has cost the jeweller $000. in mount
ing, while one that sells for $200,000
will require an expenditure of only
S.'ttH) in the mounting. rom. tne
fl!t),700 remaining iu the latter case,
still further deduction must be made
for the expense of preparing the
stones. The figures obtained on a
$.00,000 necklace In a Paris shop imit
ated that the diamonds composing n
were valued at much less than $89,000
when rough. The woman who buys
such an ornament contributes more to
the actual prosperity of the working
ass than many or me so-caiieu
social reformers who rave at her ex
travagance. How Diamonds are Cut.
So far. Europe has been the center
of the diamond-cutting industry, in
Amsterdam there are more than 15,000
utters, in Antwerp 3,000, in the J lira
Mountain district liOO. In Paris 200
and In London only 150. They are
divided into three classes, cleavers,
shapers and polishers. The cleaver
examines the rough diamond, and if
io finds a flaw cuts 1. Into as many
perfect gems as tho grain of the car-
ion will permit, ror tins purpose the
rough stone is set In mold to which
It is securely attached with aluminum,
and then applied to the cutting tool
a circular saw altout 5 Inches In diam
eter, made of soft copper, with a uilx-
tnre of oil and diamond dust rnblied
Into the edge. The saw rotates at a
tremendous iNd, being turned by a
leather lelt running from an engine.
An exiert cleaver. If paid so much per
diamond cut could make from $'!0 to
tm, and as one cleaver furnishes
work for M or fio shapers, -would
ijnlckly work himself out of a Job.
Coiiserinentljr, bo prefers to go slowly
and receive a monthly wago of 12U.
The simper or "tmiteiirs" ontilne
the form in which the diamond will
ultimately appear. In this ojieratlon,
the "brutetir" takes two stones of sim
ilar size and hardnesn, lit each Into
a metal cap, sets one In a machine
that resembles a carpenter's latbo, and
as it revolves the second stone Is
pressed against It The dust caused
by the friction Is cn tight In a tiny box.
Lcforo the Invention of this mac-bine,
the "brutour" held the diamonds be
tween the thumb and forefinger of
each hand and rented the little fingers
on the sides of the tank, which is
made of brass. In time the constant
pressure on the brass wore the sides
of the box Into grooves, while the
continued effort of rubbing the dia
monds against each other brought on
a nervous jerking of the forearms,
and the strained attitude of tbe head,
always bent forward to watch the
shaping of the gems, caused great
swellings at the back of tbe neck.
Usually the "bruteur" spends three
days on the shaping of a stone ami
makes from $-.40 to $3.00 a day.
The polisher who makes the facets,
uses a machine which carries a metal
disc placed horixoutally and revolving
at the rate of ".'.SoO revolutions iter
minute. The disc is of steel with a
preparation of diamond dust and puri
fied olive oil rubbed into the surface.
By means of a copper holder and a
Every reader of this paper should have this book.
Cut off the coupon and mail to us -with $1.50. &
1. rt
Illustrated
by
Ernest
Haskell
The
Missourian
Th romantic adventures of John Dinwiddle Driacoll (nicknamed "The Storm Centre
iU. vm i u. aiuiiuiiuui m tunica, wnera oil secret muuuon cornea into con met
with that of the beautiful Jacqueline. Tho best romantic American novel ot re
cent yeara.
tea$trhat$ofeufofit9claupoienm the
iklT-k . J. . J A . . - a .
w vmr vwry ajviuvnt v curctt ana
DOiJBLEDAY, PAGE &
CO.
3i-37 East 16th St., New York.
metal fork which form purt of tho '
pparatus, the diamond Is held against ,
the revolving disc, and as sometime E
stom less than an eighth of an inch
In diameter has 100 facets, great nice- i
ty on the part of the: workiii.m Is re
quired, and tho position of the dia
mond is ettanged more than 100 times
before the requisite lustre and finish
are secured. Tho polisher works al
ways with a magnifying glass. '
makes from $.1.00 to $4.00 a day.
Three Hundred Diamonds In Necklu
In the $200,000 necklace mentioned
there were .100 diamonds. Allowing
three days' brutage (rough shaping).
nd three months' polishing on each.
the sum expended for these two Items
lone amounts to $110,700.
After the stones arrived at tbe bw-
ller's, they had, of course, to le
mounted. To this end tbe big shops
of Paris employ a staff of designers.
goldsmiths, silversmiths, setters and
polishers. Usually, the designers are
men who bave come Into the shop In a
less important capacity, shown talent.
been sent by the firm to an art school
nd put through a course of Instrne-
tlon. According to his ability, a de-
Igner earns from $00 to $100 a month.
He may work for months without pro
ducing a single sketch that goes to tbe
studios, then In a week he will turn
out two or three that meet the diffi
cult taste of the employer. Des'gns
are done In water colors.
In Paris, the real Jeweller Is not the
owner of the shop, but the craftsman
who fashions tbe gold or platinum In
to the skeleton that holds the precious
stones. In America He is called a
gold or silversmith. Each separate
clasp or gem-bolder, goes first to the
pousiier. men to a jeweller who
ssembles, or Joins together, the entire
frame for the necklace, tiara, or
whatever the design may call for. and
again to the polisher.
The setter, as his name Indicates.
fastens or sets tbe diamonds into tbe
framework, and sends It on a last visit
to tbe polisher.
Polishers are Women.
The polishers are usually women.
As a rule they work In groups of five
or six under a patroness, who keeps
a little apartment In a narrow street
of Montmartre, Galllon, Mail, or some
other cheap and crowded quarter of
Paris, vvltn good luck the patroness
makes from $1,000 to 11,200 a year.
Tbe polishers are taken aa apprentices
at 14 years of age. At 18 they may
get forty to sixty cents a day, and at
IS a dollar to a dollar twenty.
The labor of all these craftsmen dta
tbe necklace in mind amounted to
about $300, which added to $110,700
for preparing the diamonds, and
deducted from tbe selling price of
$200,000 left only $S9.000 to cover cost
of rough stoues, incidental expense of
handling, etc., could not have left
any phenomenal profit for the mine
owner who dug and delivered them to
the cutter. Such a necklace is said to
furnish work enoutrb to snnnort 40rt
families for a year. Of course, this
does not take into consideration the
workers in the mines, nor the hear
staff of clerks and officials necessary
to carry on the big diamond producing
fields. The business of finishing the
raw diamond for the final Durchaser
offers the best paid labor to be found
in Europe. Owlne to the dutv on cnt
gems brought into this country, Amer
ican dealers are building up a similar
Industry In the United States, and it
Is rational to suppose that the crafts
men employed In this conntrr win
receive even still hltrher Wflffea than
those paid abroad.
Hare Several Lives.
'At this height." mild tha rnl,1a mm
they paused on the mountain side to
gaze down the vallev. far helow nan-
pie with weak lungs often die."
'Wonderful country, wonderful ell.
mate," murmured the Visitor.
"How'a thatr said the euide. sus
piciously.
"Why I suppose of course vou have
a way of bringing them to life again
for the next "dying."
By
Eugene P. Lyle, Jr.
Published August 1st
13TH
THOUSAND
ALREADY
All "Bookstores,
1.50
femnt of rtylwrvught jj&JS
fit. Louil Republic.
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