YAMHILL COUNTY REPORTE«. D. I. ▲■BUBT. Publisher. A WONDERFUL MATHMEATICAN. Death ot Prof. Tsuman H liamt College Salford, . of Wil. SURPRISED B> BOER8. Victoria Mounted pe?'»r °Tac I omc By a Su. UKUUMIBn EARL WAS A BIGAMIST. But Hi» Lordship Was Arrested on Hi» Re­ turn to England. London, June 19—Earl Russell London, June 1 <—Lord Kitchener Serious Split in the Party Over New York, June 17.—President Tru­ Items of Interest From All Parts was arrested today on a charge of M c M innville .......... O regon . man Henry Safford, the mathematic­ has cabled from Pretoria under today’s Policy of War Department. of the State, having contracted a bigamous mar­ ian and astronomer, whose death has date as follows: riage in the United States. just been announced, will be buried Near Welmansrust, 20 miles north in the college burying ground at Wil­ COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL HAPPENINGS of Middleburg, 250 Victoria mounted BOER PRISONERS DYING BY HUNDREDS The Earl was met at the railway liamstown, Mass. station upon his arrival from the- rifles from Genera) Beaston ’ s com ­ He was born at Royalton, Vt., 65 years ago. At an early age he attract­ A Brief Review of the Growth and Improve­ mand were surprised in camp at Policy of "Concentration Camp»” Condemned country by detectives with a warrant •nd Reform» Loudly Called for— ed attention by his powers of calcula­ and was taken to the Bow street po­ Steenkoolspruit by a superior force of ment» of the Many Industrie» Through­ tion. He could mentally extract the Change» Are Promiied. Boers at 7 :30 p. m. June 12. The lice court, where he waB formally out Our Thriving Commonwealth. An Intaraatte.j Collection ot Item From th» square and cube root of numbers of enemy crept up to within short range charged. fhe nobleman appeared to nine and ten places of figures, and Two Hemisphere* Preacatcd in a and poured a deadly fire into the be unconcerned. could multiply four figures as rapidly London, June 19. — Replying to A new steam laundry will be start­ camp, killing two officers and 16 men Condensed Form While Earl Russell waited in the as it could be done upon paper. In and wounding four officers and 38 questions in the House of Commons, ante room the summons to appear 1845, when he was 9 years old, and ed at Eugene. Mr. Broderick, the war secretary, A servant girls' union is being nine years before he was graduated The Southern Pacific has opened a men, of whom 28 were only slightly said there are 40,229 jiersons in the before the magistrate, the woman he formed in Chicago. from Harvard college, he prepared an down-town ticket office in Salem. | wounded. Only two officers and 50 married in America joined him. almanac, and at the age of 14 he cal­ men escaped to General Beaston’s “concentration camps of/the Trans­ The United States may establish a culated Two mining claims in the Granite camp. The remainder were taken vaal and Orange River colony. The When the case was called a represent­ the eliptic elements of the clearing house at Manila. ative of the public prosecutor said ¡first comet of 1849. By a method of district were recently sold for $18,000 prisoners and released, Two pom* deaths in these camps for the month the prisoner was charged with felon­ The surrender of the Filipino leader his own he abridged by one-fourth the to the Gray’s Peak gold mining com­ pos were captured by the of May numbered 98 men and women enemy, iously marrying Mrs. Mollie Somer­ labor of calculating the rising and set­ pany. Caiiles has been confirmed. Full details have not yet been re­ and 318 children. The announcement ville, daughter of the late George ting of the moon. After long and dlf- of the mortality was received with Minister Loomis has l>een trans­ j ficult problems had ben read to him It is reported that the fruit in ceived. Cooke, of Comliernauld, Sotcland. ferred from Venezuela to Persia. The serious reverse which Lord groans from the Irish members and [ once, he could give their result with Eagle and Pine valleys has been The prosecution proceeded to out­ cries of “ Scandalous. ’ ’ Mr. Brod ­ killed by the late frosts. Much grain out effort. Kitchener reports is the first accident Porto Ricans will hereafter work in line the Earl’s marriage to Mabel erick added that the authorities are is also killed, and the clover and al­ of the kind that has happened to the harmony with the United States. Scott, his first countess), their separ­ THREE MEN IN A BOAT. falfa injured. i Australian contingent, and it is sup- arranging for the release of the women ation and his subsequent disappear­ Claim of Chilean vessel Itata against and children who have friends to re ­ Rich quartz claims on Quartz gulch, I posed to be due to neglect of proper ceive them, but the governent cotild ance from England with a neighbor, the United Shates has been dismissed. British Seamen Make Long but Useless Voy­ near Alamo, were sold last week to a picketing. Although it is offset by not undertake to locate them in iso­ Mrs. Somerville, and discovery that age to Secure Help. Thrty-five hundred trackmen of mining man from Iowa for $25,000. ¡the defeat inflicted upon Dewet, the lated places. he and Mrs. Somerville were located Canandian Pacific have gone on a Halifax, N. S., June 15.—After sail­ It is the intention of the new owner loss of the guns is regarded as a serious together at Reno, Nev. April 14, The division in the house of com ­ strike. ing nearly 700 miles In an open boat to put a mill on the property. matter, which will encourage the mons on the motion made by Lloyd 1900, Earl Russell obtained a license Boers to continue the struggle, • Empress dowager of China is plot­ to take relief to their ship, the Bor­ to marry Mollie Cooke, otherwise Taxes collected in Baker county for More or less fanciful accounts are to adjourn the house on the question Mrs. Somerville, in Nevada, and a ting to put a new emperor on the der Knight, Mr. Mathie, chief officer, the year 1900 have been turned over of the treatment of Boer women and published on the continent of alleged and two of the crew, arrived at Sheet to the treasurer. throne. They amount to peace negotiations, but there is children, which was rejected by a judge performed the ceremony April the end of their 15 days’ jour­ 15. Mormons want to settle on govern­ Harbor, nearly $50,1X10, and the entire amount ney, to find that their steamer had nothing in them and nothing has vote of 253 to 134, served to accentu­ Counsel for the Earl pointed out ment lands in Mexico vacated by just been towed in, a distance of 450 was collected in about 60 days. ate the split in the Liberal party on come of the interview between Mr. [ that the prosecution omitted mention Indians. miles, by the Spanish steamship Dur- the government ’ s far east policy. Sir The Willamette river is so low Botha and Mr. Kruger, beyond re­ Five more Chicago firms have ac­ anco, from Philadelphia for Bilboa. above the locks that only one boat is vealing the fact that Mr. Kruger will ; Henry Campbell-Bannermann, the of the divorce proceedings instituted Captain W. F. Splatt, of the Border ceded to the demands of the striking Knight, and his crew were landed now running, and that with difficulty listen to no proposals unless they are ■ Liberal leader, also denounced the by his lordship in America. In the policy of concentrating women and event of a conviction the case will be machin ists. here, while the brave little rescue par­ in getting over the shallow places. accompanied with a guarantee of in- I children in camps and with a num­ taken to the house of lords, as Lord Moran Bros., of Seattle, have se­ ty found a haven 40 miles to the east­ The steamer Ruth is having a smaller dependence of the republics. Russell is entitled to a trial by his wheel put in, so that she can run all The Daily Mail’s Cape Town cor­ ber of others, voted in the minority peers. cured a force of nonunion machinists ward. on the motion. About 50 Liberal When the Border Knight's tail shaft summer. Y respondent says that Cecil Rhodes, ■ and carpenters. broke, in latitude 34:10 north and lon­ Saturday, Imjierialists abstained from voting as SERVANT GIRLS’ UNION. A soda tank blew up at Roseburg a speaking at Buluwayo Industrual commission proposes to gitude 59:44 west,, 300 miles north­ predicted that a federation of South a protest against the Bannermann- few days ago. One piece smashed find out whether manufacturers sell east of Bermuda, sails were rigged Harcourt-Morley section of the house and she began to make her way slow­ through the ceiling, another fragment African states would come in three or of commons identifying themselves Work of Organization 1» in Progress in Chi­ cheaper abroad than at home. northward. Provisions were scarce, flew out into a front room, creating four years, but he contended that so closely with the extreme pro­ cago—Eight Hour Day. Twelve hundred men were laid off ly for she had made an unusually slow consternation, and another piece to grant self-government to the repub­ Boers. at the works of the Newport, K. I., voyage from Africa and the situation wrecked a partition in one corner of lics before federation would render Chicago, June 19.—Union labor is shipbuilding company, on account of seemed to be desperate, as she was the room, and smaller pieces tlew federation impossible. to take a hand in the servant problem BOERS GAINING STRENGTH. the machinists strike. far out of the track of commerce. everywhere. in Chicago. It has been decided by Mr. Mathie and the two men vol­ JAPAN’S WAR ON RATS. A number of Filipino prisoners Taking On Many Recruit» From Dutch Dist­ the local branch of the Woman’s In­ unteered to set out in the lifeboat Eugene will have atwodays ’ Fourth have been sentenced to death by the with a flimsy bit of sail to bring as­ ternational Label League to start a ricts of Cape Colony. military commission for murder, sistance to the British steamer. This of July celebration. Energetic Measure» Taken to Suppress the assault and violation of the rules of was May 29, and June 7 the Duranco, The Whitney council now meets New Yora, June 19.—The situa­ vigorous crusade for the organization Plague. war. outward bound, responded to the sig­ twice a month instead of once as tion in South Africa is far from sat­ of the thousands of girls whose work Yokohama, June 1, via Victoria, isfactory just now to Englishmen, is in the homes of Chicago. The t Philippine customs revenues are nals of distress on the Border Knight. heretofore. They were sighted by the Trave on B. C. June 18.—Much consternation says the Tribunes’ London corres­ announcement of the league’s decision Fourth regiment, O. N. G., will go increasing. Saturday. The Border Knight was ft is believed that the was made on the floor of the Chicago Six frame buildings were burned at bound from Cape Verde Islands tv into camp at Eugene June 27, and has been awakened by the escape of a pondent. remain until after the Fourth. rat at Tokio. The medical authori- Boers are gaining many recruits from Federation of Labor and was received New York. Monmouth. the Dutch districts of Cape Colony, Reports from along the Columbia ties of the Imperial university were and in spite of Mr. Chamberlain's with applause by the delegates to the Caiiles will surrender his entire Committees have been FIRE AT A HEALTH RESORT. river show a much better run of engaged in experimenting on some calm assertion that the emliers of assembly. force at Santa Cruz. rodents in the introduction of plage war are only smoldering, it looks very appointed and the work of organizing salmon than in the past few weeks. Incoming ships report passing bacilli into their veins, when one of the union will begin at once. The quantities of wreckage on the ocean. Hotel at West Baden, Ind. Burned—Several Commencement exercises are in the animals eluded their vigilance, : much as if they had hurst into flames. union will announce a regular scale ot A question will shortly be put in Reported Lost. progress or about to begin in most of and as a consequence several have1 Boers surprised a force of Victoria wages. An eight hour day will lie de­ mounted rifles near Middlesburg and Indianapolis, June 15. — Telephone the colleges and universities of the recently been, discovered in the hos­ the Liberal benches in the house ol clared hi vogue, with extra pay for commons as to the proposed suspen ­ state. captured two pompons. messages from Salem and Bedford, to pital infected with the disease. As a sion of the constitution in Cape Col­ holidays and overtime. The number The Rogue River Mining A Milling result the war against them has ony. There is a general belief that of afternoons each servant girl may- It is exepcted that negotiations at the Journal received this morning The Mr. Chamberlain and Lord Millet have for recreation each week also- say: Company has about finished cleaning assumed huge proportions. Pekin will be settled this month. Tokio municipality has voted 30,000 will The West Baden Springs Hotel, at up at its mine on the left hand fork hesitate before taking this step. will be stipulated. It was estimated Ten persons were injured by a tor­ West Baden, one of Indiana’s most yen, rat traps by the thousand are Lawyers aie of the opinion that the that there were more than 600,00C of Foots creek. nado in South Dakota. famous health and pleasure resorts, distributed among the people, and girls and women in Chicago willing A new electirc light company has a bounty of 5 sen each is offered for only way it could be legally accom­ and eligible for this new movement. Two Indians tried to murder the burned early this morning. It could plished would be by an act of parlia ­ been formed in Salem. It will also their capture. not be learned how the fire started. Umatilla chief of police. With all this evi­ They will work in sympathy with, Everything in connection with the operate a system of street railways. dence of consternation there is no ment, and in the present state of pub­ affiliated organizations of female labor. Von Waldersec will be created a hotel building was destroyed, and it Capital stock, $130 000. lic business the government will I need of fear that the the disease can scarcely care to invite opposition on prince on his return to Germany. was rumored that several lives were g gain a foothold in the country in such an issue. The new military code regulatin CONCESSION IS ASKED. lost, but this could not be confirmed. « Only one body has been recovered distri- which such measures for prevention the O. N. G. will be ready for Telephone and telegraph communica ­ from the wreck of the ferry loat North­ tion with Indianapolis was destroyed bution in a few days. The new set is have been taken. While sporadic Boer» Will Never Give Up, Mormon* Want to Stifle on Government field. while the story of the fire was being much stricter than the one now in cases appear here and there, they Denver, June 19.—Commandant W. Lands Vacated by Indians. The Harriman interests have se­ told. are instantly isolated, and the spread use. The hotel is said to have had sev­ cured control of the Chicago, Mil­ of the contagion is rendered practi­ D. Snyman, of the South African re­ Mexico City, June 19.—A Mormon The Lakeview Water Company has eral hundred guests, and all of their waukee A St. Paul road. The authorities public, is in Denver on a lecture tour, agent, James Cannon, is here for the belongings were destroyed, there a crew of men working on the im­ cally impossible. the proceeds of which are to aid the Lulu Prince-Kennedy was convict­ having been no time to save anything. provement which will convey the do not hesitate to adopt the most Boer prisoners. purpose of securing from the govern­ drastic measures in each instance> ed of murder in the second degree and Assistance was asked of the fire de­ company’s water in tiling direct “ The struggle in South Afiica if punishment was fixed at ten yeras’, partments of near-by towns, but on from the spring to the summit of the and as a result the empire is today in not a race animosity,” said Com­ ment a concession for settling l,00G Mormons in Sonora, on the lands- a better sanitary condition than any account of the lack of transportation imprisonment. mandant Snyman. “It is an awful from which the Yaqui Indians have hill overlooking Lakeview. facilities no aid could be rendered. other nation in the world. An extensive syndicate is buying war, a political war, brought about by One of the proprietors said that The cabinet muddle is not only been driven. Mr. Cannon says: Portland Markets. up easter", street car lines with the part of the building was erected 12 still unsettled, but it becomes every political gamblers and speculators, “We believe that if suitable tracts intention of forming a complete mon­ years ago, and they had been adding Wheat—Walla Walla, 61@62c. ;vaJ- day more complicated and hopeless ot and so long as they have life the | to it ever since, until the value of the ley, nominal; blucstem, 61@62c. solution. opoly. Boers will fight for their liberty. of lands are placed at our disposal in The source of trouble, property was about $1.000.000. this in­ per bushel. the Yaqui country, we will do much The Chief of the forestry bureau of cluding while dignified as a strife between Our wives and daughters will pray in this country in the interest oi the grounds and buildings. Mothers send the Philippines has issued a circular There is only insurance oi $100,000. Flour—Best grades, $2 90(83.40 per the principle of a party minuta? and fight with us. peace, for the Mormon church has in which it is stated that the timber barrel; graham, $2.60. and that of an independent cab'.r^t, their sons into battle with a prayer. faced the Indian problem- almost Widows and orphans are suffering, supply in the Philippines is almost Oats—White. $1.32 ls (81.35 percen­ responsible only to,the sovereign, is FOUR LIVES LOST. since its organization. We require unlimited. tal; gray. $1 .30(81.32’# percental. almost lost sight of in the pettiness yet believing that God will bring no rifles in our management of the — them finally to victory. ” Barley — Feed, $17(8 17.50; brewing, of the political squabbles which have Negroes alxiut Ix*iivenworth, Kan­ Schooner Wrecked in a Fog on Newfound­ red brother, and are always instilling $17(817.50 per ton. come to the surface, making it im­ sas, are arming themselves with re­ Kitchner Ha» Moved. into his mind that we are his friends land CoaiL Millstuffs—Bran. $17 jierton; midd­ possible for any statesman without volver* purchasid from the troops at and not his foes. If the concession London, June 19. — Lord Kitchener lings, $21.50; shorts, $20.00; chop, St. Johns, N. F., June 15. — The . complete loss of self-respect, to un ­ Fort Leavenworth, and it is thought is obtained, a commissioner will tie dertake the task of forming a minis­ has not yet cabled the details of the sent at once into the Yaqui territory they intended to avenge the recent schooner Czar, bound to Labrador I $16. reverse of the Victorian Rifles oi with fishermen and their families, 70 Hay — Timothy, $12.50(814; clover, burning of a Negro. _______________ persons altogether, was driven ashore $7(89.50; Oregon wild hay, $6@7 try- General Beaston’s column at Steen- by the Mormon church for the pur­ Eleven hundred butchers are on a on Cabot Island on the north coast per ton. koelspruit, June 12. Small affairs pose of ascertaining the attitude of STRIKE OF TRACKMEN. strike in San Francisco. of New Foundland in a dense fog and continue to be reported from South the Indians, and if peaceful a con­ |H'r lb. Hops — 12(8 14c. gale. Four men were drowned and Africa. Scheerjier’s commando is tract will be made and lands pur­ The Cuban convention has accepted six others were injured, but the wo­ Wool — Valley. 11 (8 13c; Eastern Employe* of the Canadian Pacific Will Go locked in at Murraysburg, in Cap« chased from the Yaquis. ” the original Platt amendment. Oregon, 7(8 11c; mohair, 20(8 2 le. men and children all landed safely. Out in a Body. Colony. Lord Kitchener has moved The survivors were on the island per pound. The new battle ship Illinois is the Brazil Settle» American Claim. Butter — Fancy creamery, 15(8 Vancouver. B. C., June 18.—All of to Bloemfontein. two days without food or shelter. fastest vessel of her class atloat. Washington, June 19.—A cable­ Then another vessel, passing toward K v#c. ; dairy, 13(814c.; store, 11(8 the Canadian Pacific trackmen will go Americans were again successful Labrador, sighted their distress sig­ 12 ’#<•. per pound. Want» to Forget the Maine. ’ gram received at the state depart­ out tomorrow morning at 6 o’clock, in the international trap shoot. nals. rescued them and landed them Eggs—Oregon ranch, 12(312’#c. the demand of those in the eastern . Madrid. June 15.—At a council ot ment from United States Consul on the mainland, whence they will re ­ the Cabinet held yesterday, the Queen Extensive commissary frauds have per dozen. turn home on board a mail steamer, I Cheese—Full cream, twins. 12l2e; division for an increase in wages of 20 Regent presiding, it was decided that Bryan, nt Petrópolis, announces that been dicovered at San Francico. cents per day not having been ac­ any claims emanating from American the Brazilian government has paid The Czar became a total wreck, and America, 13(8 13’ac. per ceded to. Officials of the road state subjects rtflative to the destruction of the indemnity requested for the de­ Another name has been added to the those on board of her lost their be­ Young longings. The women and children pound. that the granting of this demand the battle-ship Maine in Havana har struction by a mob of Baptist Chapel, Port Royal, Pa., coal mine horror. Poultry—Chickens, mixed, $3.00; would mean an additional annual bor should be addressed to the Gov­ in the province of Nichtheroy, main­ were in a pitiable plight when they Thirty-four students graduated reached the island, being aroused at hens. $3(83.50; dressed. 8(810c. per , exjienditure of $400,000. Men are ernment of the United States, in con tained by the American Baptist mis­ from the Oregon Agricultural college. midnight, and being able to secure pound ; springs, $1.50(83 jier dozen; being secured to take charge of formity with the Treaty of Paris. sion. only a little of their clothing. ducks, $3(83.50; geese. $1(85.50; tur­ bridges and portions of track where Insurgent general Caiiles refuses to keys, live. 8(81 tV; dressed, 9(310c. surveillance is necessary, and it is Accident to Actress. Machinist* in the South will Strike. surrender, except on his own terms. For a Chin«»« R«public. per pound. announced that all trains will be run Clevleand, O,, June 19. — Mrs. Honolulu. June 9. via Ban Francis­ Savanah, Ga., June 19.—A coni* Potatoes—Old. $1(81.20 per sack; I tomorrow as usual. Extensive German influence in the co. June 15.— San Yet Sen. the Chi­ Anna Chapman, a member of the mitte« of union machinists waited on Yangtse district alarms the British nese reformer, left on the America new. 1*4 (82c. per pound. Blair dramatic company, Superintendent of Motive Power Sy- Eugenie Mutton—I-aml« 4«’. per pound press. Maru June 5 for China, for the pur­ California Train Wreck. now playing at the Lyceum theater, monds, of the Plant system today, in this city, fell through a trap door pose of starting a revolution. His gross; best sheep, wethers, with wool. Santa Cruz. Cal., June 15.—The Donald McPhial, a prominent intention is to overthrow the Empress $4.25(84.50; dressed, 6’#(87c per narrow gauge Southern Pacific pas and notified him that they had been tonight and sustained a fractured Eastern Oregon sheepman, was found Dowager and the mandarins. His pound. train from San Francisco was instructed by the union to demand a skull. Her condition is serious. dead by the roadside. Idea is to have China ruled by a presl-1 Hogs — Gross, heavy, $5 75(86; senger wrecked today near Rincon. Engl nine hour day with 10 hours' pay. dent on the lines of the Government | light. $4 75(«t5; dressed, 7e. per neer James Stanley and Fireman One hundred and fifty men are em­ The Washigton legislature has ad- of America. He says that there will Grave* of Soldier» Decorated. Henry Coyle were seriously injured. ployed in the Plant shops here. If a ‘Journed after amending the capital be a strong force at his back, and he pound. Tien Tsin, June 19.—This being The locomotive, tender and baggage Veal—latrge, 6’,(87c. per pound; satisfactory answer to their demand punishment law and passing three has the support of many prominent car were badly smashed. The wreck is not given by noon tomorrow, al) the anniversary of the beginning of vetoed biiila. white men tn China, as well as thous­ small. 7lt<88c. per pound. ands of natives. This is the third { Beef—Gross, top steers. $4 25(84.60; occurred on a curve. The passenger the union men in the shops will gc the siege of Tien Tsin the ladies to­ The governnrnet is preparing to revolntion which he has attempted in cows and heifers. $3 75(84.01); dressed car. containing 40 people, did not out. day decorated the graves of the sold­ leave the track. fire three and one half tons of dyna­ China. iers of all nationalities. beef, 7(37 *#c. per pound. mite under the Narorwi» between Forts Famous Bridgtbuildtr. Battle on th* Tonkin Frontier. Disapproved by President Hamilton and Wadsworth. Hu Lil« a Failure. Admiral Rogers will represent the New York. June 19.—Thomas Cur Tacoma, June 18.—The steamship United States at the unveiling of the New York. June 17.—William Her* Washington, June 19.—The presi­ Tacoma brings news from Hong tis Clarke, consulting engineer and There arc 14,000 oysters to a ton. ford, an aged German of Williams­ Perry monument in Japan. Kong that the French forces in Ton­ ex-president of the American Society dent has disapproved an act of the River Jordan water is now exported burg. is dead by his own hand, hav­ Cherokee Indian council providing It is reported that the head of Rear ing shot himself by tne side of a work ‘ Admiral Sampson will appear on kin lost four officers and 17 soldiers of Civil Engineers, is dead at his regularly for baptismal purpaies. in a fight along the Tonkin frontier home in this city. He was born at for a committee to execute a new ar­ bench In his carpenter shop after re ­ In Georgia it is estimated that 30,- alizing that at the end of 30 years’ | medals commemorating the battle of with marauding bands of Chinese, Newton, Mass., in 1827. and waj rangement with the Dawes commis­ 000 Negroes have been graduated at a struggle to find the secret of perpetu- [ Satiago bay. aggregating over 500. The Chinese« graduated from Harvard in 1848 sion. The tribe, by popular vote, coat of $100,000,000, which colleges al motion he was as far as ever from forces include 1,000 regulars who He was kno^gi as a bridge engineei recently objected, by a majority of Rice, raw eggs and boiled venjson are auppofted by Northern money. the goal he sought. He was found preferred robbery to soldiering. over 1,000 votes, to the agreement a bullet through his brain, his require onl) one hour to digest. At Many Chinese women were killed and and designer, and built over 250 miles which had been made between its The first mention of stamp« is in with the other end are pork, roast beef, of iron and steel bridges, viaducts pipe clenched between his set teeth, the letters of the old Bishop Bynesius and his head resting upon a piece ot cabbage and hard eggs, which re­ the L’hinese were driven into Kwang and elevated railways. representatives and the Dawes com- Se province. „ I , mission. of Cyrene. on the Greek coast of planking. luire four to five hours. Africa, 400 years after th« Christian I tWoTfl