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About The Yamhill County reporter. (McMinnville, Or.) 1886-1904 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 26, 1898)
PRINCE BISMARCK IN THE OF CIRCLE HIS FAMILY AT FRIEDRICHSRUHE. /¡y W J reo uw VW MtóffuMJVf wnoîV pMMtE B ismarck »»«»«a»«» I * * « MAN WHO MADE GERMANY. I i • Prince Otto Edward Leopold Von Bismarck Was the Great • est Statesman of the Present Century. remove the hatred which Bismarck's par liamentary course bad engendered and an attempt was made to assassinate him. Bismarck was honored by having bestow ed upon him the order of the Bluck Eagle, and he was furthermore made a I’rus- sian count. He Hnmblcs Austria. Meantime through Austrian stupidity and Bisinarckian diplomacy Austria and Prussia were rapidly drifting into war. IIE death of Prince Bismarck has racy. He was especially roused by a bill It was the opportunity that Bismarck removed the greatest personality for the removal of the civil disabilities of had worked for and waited for, and when that Eurojie has seen since the days the Jews and he characterized a constitu Austria ruptured the treaty of Gastein, ot Napoleon I. Indeed, it may lie doubt tion as a paper government. Ills services entered into at the end of the Danish war, ed if even Napoleon was his equal, meas to royalty during the revolution of 1848 I the order for the mobilization of the Prus uring the two men by their deeds; for the earned for him the position of a trusted sian troops was given. Gen. Moltke, Gen. work achieved by Napoleon lias crumbled adviser of King Frederick William. In Iloon, Bismarck and King William work- away, while that of the unifier of the Ger 1851 Bismarck was appointed representa j ed in entire accord, and so well had Bis- man empire remains. tive from the Prussian court to the diet | inarck done in his diplomatic work that Prince Bismarck was one of the monu in Frankfort-on-the-Moin, which met as I Italy declared war against Austria at the mental figures of the nineteenth century. the mouthpiece of the forty-odd states of same moment as Prussia. While crushing the powe-r of Austria Before his time Germany was merely a the German confederation, and here he geographical nution, her unity consisting became intimate with the crown prince— Bismarck diplomatically played with Na alone in her language and her literature. later King William of Prussia and the poleon, who at first sought to extend the first Emperor of United Germany. Prus French frontier as it was in 1814, offer sia and Austria were then rivuls In the ing for such consideration to let Prussia affairs of Germany, Austria striving to have her own way with Austria, and who retain her preponderance and Prussia en then, when Austrian power was crushed deavoring to destroy it and oust her from on the field of Sadowa, sought to gain any position in the confederation. To Prussian support for the seizure of Bel this purpose Bismarck closely devoted gium und Luxemburg. Napoleon gained neither of his objects, while he fatally himself. From Frankfort Bismarok wns sent as allowed Austria to lie crushed and Ger ambassador to St Petersburg in 1839, and many to rise as a powerful and rapidly here he remained three years. During uniting nation. In February, 1867, the North German this time occurred the Franco-Austrian wur in Italy. The Prussian army was Parliament opened in Berlin, with repre mobilized as a matter of defense, but took sentatives of twenty-two States north of no part in the contest, yet its mobilization the Main, and in April a constitution was was enough to check Napoleon. The mo agreed on and Bismarck was made chan bilization, also, revealed defects In the cellor of the confederation. The three army, and these were consequently reme years preceding 1870 were spent by Bis died. In 1862 William, who had succeed marck in consolidating the union of North ed Frederick William IV. in January, and South Germany and by Napoleon in 1861, recalled Bismarck and sent him as endeavoring to thwart him. And then minister to Paris. Bismarck had before came Napoleon's mad declaration of war. this time become convinced that Prussia There Is no need to recapitulate the story would have to fight with Austria for su of the terrible avalanche of blood and de premacy in Germany und with France for struction that swept over France during the ownership of the Rhine, something to the autumn of 1870. Napoleon surren BISMARCK IN 1889. which Napoleon’s wild ambition aspired, dered his sword on the battlefield of Se and in Paris Bismarck had opimrtunity to dan and his dynasty waa forever ended. True, she had aspirations to political spy into French affairs. Within a few On March 1, 1871, the German army en- unity and others there were before Bis months, however, he wns recalled to take ten-d Paris and the wur wns over, Ger marck who saw in the Prussian state the the position of premier and minister of man unity was an accomplished fact and possible nucleus around which German foreign affairs. Bismarck at once got King William I. wns the crowned Em unity might crystallize. But it wns Bis into hot conflicts with the House of Dep peror of the new German empire. Bis marck who passed from theory to action; uties, which bad refused to vote an in marck received the title of prince and be who ent the Gordian tangle of Prussian- creased military budget, and he carried came chancellor. Austrian relations in the affairs of the everything with a high hand. His hnnghti- But Bismarck’s work was not ended. German States; who so guided events that be destroyed the hegemony of Aus THE LATE PRINCE BISMARCK. tria m the one hand and the primping power und ambition of Napoleon on the other; who cemented the political unity Distinguished Statesman, Soldier, Diplomat and Unifier of the of the various and hitherto discordant Oerman Empire. German states; fashioning the empire as it is to-day and crowning in the palace of Versailles the King of Prussia as the Emperor of u new Germany. Bismarck’s name, naturally, is synonymous with Ger man national unity—the dream and hope of bnndreds of .rears—and, through him, now the possession aud privilege of the is-opta. T Hlsmurck’s Career. Otto Edward Leopold von Bismarck wns born at Schonhausen April 1, 1815. His family was an important one in the affairs of Prussia and Its descent can be traced to medieval timea. When a year old Bismarck’s parents moved to Pome rania, where they had inherited knightly estates, the leading one being Kniephof. Here Bismarck pimee-d five p>ars of his childhood, but on account of a somewhat mischievous distxsdtion he was sent at the age of 6 years to a tsiarding school in Berlin, the principal of which had the reputation of l>eing a strict disciplinarian. He proved an intelligvut and earnest stu dent, and at the age of 17 was ready to enter a university. The wild student life of the University of Heidelberg attracted him and he tagged to be allowed to enter that Institution, but his mother refused, sending him instead to Gottingen, where she foolishly thought he* might not eon- tract the beer habit. At Gottingen Bis- marck led a wild and reckless Ufa. Already, before entering it, he had fought his first dnel, and during bis unl- versify life he fought twenty-eight more, being wounded only once. According to his own account be only attended lectures twice before he |smeed his examination. After leaving the university he held sub ordinate government offices, but growing weary of the dull routine of business he retired to the estate of Kniephof, where for a time he devoted himself to its care ful management Then he plunged into the excesses that had marked his student career. With gay companions he gave himself to jolly carousals and In the old mansion none could vie with him In drink ing. Owing to his recklessness he became known as "mad Bismarck,” aud terrible tales were told of bls mad adventures. But he had periods of profound disgust with himself owing to these excesses, aud often he retired into the forest, with his dog. where he plunged Into meditation. Suddenly he gave up his wild courses and took up the study of history, theology and philosophy. Enter» the Prussian Diet. After the death of his father, in 1843. the family estates were divided and Kniephof and Schonhausen fell to the possession of Bismarck. Two years later Bismarck married Johanna von Putkarn- mer, and in the same year he appeared as a delegate in the United Diet, summoned by King Frederick William IV. The Prussian King was then at logger heads with his subjects, the latter de manding greater right» and a constitu tion. Bismarck opposed the granting of any concessions by the Jxing and innde B bitter attack on libsrausm aud detaoc- liam II. became Emperor. It was then almost an article of German faith that the Iron Chancellor, as Bismarck was called, would continue to steer the ship of state. It seemed impossible to conceive of a frosh hand at the rudder. But although between Bismarck and the youthful Kais er there was a i bond of admiration and although the latter, at the beginning, learned to lean i upon the unifier of the German nation, , differences sprang np be- tween them. Wiliiam 1 issued an order that ministers were to report to him di rectly instead as heretofore to the chan cellor. This was taking power out of the hands of Bismarck and naturally the latter rebelled against the edict and ten dered his resignation as chancellor. He had doue this so often, when in serious po litical crises, only to have his resignation rejected by his sovereign, that doubtless be incomplete without some reference to SAWED OFF HIS OWN LEG, ------------ the honors heaped upon him by his coun | Wonderful Nerve ot a Pioneer Gold trymen. When Bismarck began his po Prospector. litical career he was by no means a rich man. He possessed some patrimonial es Few old miners have not heard of the tates, but the domain of Schonhausen, Pegleg mine, located in the vicinity of where he was born, had passed out of his control. In 1866, after the successful Death Valley, which has been a legend war with Austria, he purchased the Var- In mining circles for nearly fifty years. zin estate, near Berlin, with the donation Numerous expeditious have been or that had been accorded him by Prussia ganized for the rediscovery of this fa in recompense for his diplomatic skill. In mous lost mine. The originator of th»1 1871 Emperor William presented him story of a marvelously rich mine locat with $300,000 of the indemnity paid by ed in the terra incognito of wlilch Death France and with this he purchased the estate of Friedrichsruhe, near Hamburg. I Valley Is the central point was Pegleg It consists of 20,000 acres. Then in 1885, Smith, a famous pioneer long before on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, the discovery of gold In California. In the nation bought back by public sub : his earlier career his operations were scription the old family domain of Schon confined mainly to the overland trail hausen and presented it to the prince and on which be was employed as a freight- princess and their children forever. < in i er and guide. his eightieth birthday celebration, in 1893, The circumstances which gave rise to in which the entire nation took part, he was tlie recipient of great utul resplendent | the sobriquet by which he was univer sally known was a most thrilling epi- honors. Nor would a sketch of Bismarck tie sode. While hauling a load of freight complete without reference to his colonial between the widely separated posts of policy. Under him Germany branched that early day he was jolted from his out as a colonial rival to Great Britain, wagon, and falling under its wheels and where formerly she did not have art had his leg so tuully crushed that It was acre of soil outside the fatherland, she evident that his only hope of life lay now ranks as one of the great colonial powers of the world. Her flag floats In amputation. But he was alone on the from the great lakes at the head waters trail In the heart of the mountains, and of the Nile to the shores of the Indian I the nearest surgeon was at the military ocean. Vast areas in southwestern Af post of Fort Laramie, hundreds of rica and buck of the Gulf of Guinea ac I miles away. He was a man of iron knowledge her sovereignty. She is firmly nerve, however, and did not hesitate an established on the great island of I’apua instant after lie had learned the extent and has possession of uiany of the impor tant groups that stretch across the South of his injuries. With his jackknife and saw he per Pacific ocean. formed the amputation himself, ban Summary of His Character. But whatever the success of Bismarck’s daged the stump as best he could, aud political life there is much in it that In his crippled condition built himself Anglo-Saxon civilization will not approve. a shelter and subsisted on the provi As a statesman Bismarck was arbitrary, sions in his wagon until he was found self-willed, imperious and unscrupulous. His political ideas were those of a born J feudalist He governed with the strong i hand of absolute power and crushed out' every attempt to assert the political free- j dom of the individual or the masses. He J was an absolute believer in the “divine right” of kings and the throne and the army were regarded by him as the only foundation of the state. Sound in his for eign political relations, he made blunders 1 in domestic affairs, cheating the people - with a semblance of liberty and self-gov-' eminent Viewed in the light of history,' when time shall have furnished a truer perspective, Bismarck will stand forth as a man who was eminently fitted to re alize the ideal hopes and aspirations of the German people, but as a man with many human failings. It remains to be seen how long Germany shall endure along the lines which he established. A HISTORIC HORN. Summoned Slaves to Lubor and Pre «lined the Death of “ Revenues.“ THE NEW TRINCE HT8MARCK. To Herbert, the son of the late Prince, has de- sended the title ot his Illustrious father und estate at Friedrichsruhe. Bismarck thought that William would not suffer him to sever his connection with the Government of the nation which he more than any other had builded. But William accepted the resignation and in May, 1890, Bismarck laid down the cares of state and retired to his estate of Fred- richsrnhe. He was followed to his retreat by the sympathy of the German people and the admiration of Europe. But it took years to heal the breach between him and Wil liam, and it was not until 1894 that the Kaiser and his great subject became rec onciled. Bismarck from his Fredrichs- ruhe retreat hod inspired bitter attacks on the Government policy and to the thonsands of people from all parts of the empire who visited him had delivered speeches that enkindled political rancor. It was therefore good politics for the Kaiser to seek a reconciliation and, in 1893, he took the first step, when he of fered one of his castles to the aged states man that he might regain his strength, which had been materially impaired. Bis marck gracefully declined the offer. In January, 1894, William invited Bismarck to visit him in Berlin. The visit was paid in January and Bismarck's reception by the people along his wny was such as sel dom has been accorded to ruler or sub ject The Kaiser’s greeting was cordial in the extreme and the following month the Emperor paid a return visit to his great and distinguished subject The en tire empire celebrated the reconciliation as an important historical event His Domestic Sorrow. Soon afterward a cnishing blow fell on Bismarck—a blow that made all his sub sequent years full of loneliness. In No vember, 1894. his beloved wife died. She was nine years younger than her hus band and had ever been to him since their marriage day In 1847 a faithful and de voted helpmate. In his private life Bis marck was happy and was devoted to his home. Over him the princess, in purely domestic affairs, had a great influence, but this did not extend to his political life. Bismarck was fond of nature and music and as a musician his wife was accomplished. During his entire life Bis marck was a lover of horses and seldom There is an old battered tin horn tn the possession of an ancient colored man at Dalton, Ga_, around which are associated memories of many deeds of violence^ In ante-bellnm days the bora was the property of CoL "Ben” Loughrldge, a wealthy planter of Murray County. It was originally used to summon bis many slaves to work and to meals, and its welcome note at sunset was the signal for them to rest from the day’s labors. After the war the horn Nvami' sep arated from the Loughrldge family, and from that time until a few months ago was the period of Its stirring his tory. Murray County has for years tieen a stronghold of the “moon shiners.” Time after time the revenue officers made desperate raids on the Illicit distilleries, killing and being killed, yet never entirely subduing the stubborn mountaineers. The mellow note of the old tin horn would always warn the whisky reta-ls of the approach of thetr enemies, and many a good man’s death has ft presaged. The moonshiners would station a lusty-lunged sentinel on some promin ent mountain rock wlilch commanded a view of the valley below, and the slightest suspicious symptom in the lower defiles was sufficient to send the bass echoes of the old born flying, and the moonshiners themselves scurrying to their Improvised fortresses, armed to the teeth and ready to take and risk life for what they considered their rights and In the defense of their hearthstones. To the “revenues” It al ways bore the dismal Information that from the next crag or bramble they might expect a slaying volley from their hidden foes. The venerable horn Is a special re minder of a notorious gang which ter rorized the country up to within a year ago. It was used to rally the forces of this gang and was often the preface to a bloody conflict between them and the law’s representatives. When the gang was finally disposed of the horn passed Into the possession of old "Uncle” Isaac, a typical "befo’ de war” negro, and the old man often brings it out and recounts Its Interest ing history.—Baltimore Sun. CUTTING OFF III« OWN LEG. by some friendly Indians and taken to a surgeon. The operation was a suc cess. and in a few months he resumed his old calling. When the late Gov ernor Gilpin visited Oregon in 1840-’43 Smith was employed to guide him. and the Governor in his narrative records the Incident After the discovery of gold in the mountains of California, Pegleg turned prospector and traveled through the mountains from Oregon to Arizona until he became noted as the most daring and most thoroughly post ed prospector and guide. NEW BOTTLE FOR POISONS. Prevent« People from Taking a Fatal Dose by Mistake. A New York City man has succeeded In producing a bottle from which poi son cannot easily be taken by mistake. Its distinctive fea ture Is the anchor safety stopper, which is now in use In many hos- pitals. and which the accompanying _ Illustration repre sents. The anchor inside the bottle Is of heavy glass and Is attached to the cork by an asbestos cork which neither affects nor is affected by acids or chem icals used In medicine. When the cork Is withdrawn the anchor catches, and another warning is given by the rattle of the anchor striking the neck of the bottle. The contents of the bottle may be easily poured or dropped out by holding the cork at the side with the finger, as the anchor does not impede the flow. A Pnzzle Picture. First Standing Army. ness and contempt for the members was unbounded. “Constitutions,” he once said, when taxed with governing without a constitution, "may be decidl'd iu other countries by a chaugc of ministers, but this is not the custom in Prussia. With ns. If two political bodies, which cannot go to law, are unable to agree, circum stances decide which of the two is the stronger.” And circumstances did so de cide. and the Prussian chamber found that Bismarck waa the stronger. In IMS, owing to reasons not necessary to discuss here, Austria and Prussia de cided on going to war with Denmark. The Prussian Parliament refused to vote a war credit, whereupon Bismarck bold ly replied: “If we find it necessary to go to war we shall do so, with your approval or without.” And to war Prussia went. Denmark speedily succumbed and part of her territory was transferred to Prussia and Austria. The war. pigmy aa it was, was sufficient to enable Prussia to com plete her almoat perfect army organisa tion and avail waa almost inimedi.-.ely made of the opportunity. But it did not He had to conserve whut he had establish ed und bulwark Germany against a French war of revenge. The effect of this policy is found In the triple alliance of Germany, Austria and Italy aa it exists to-day. Bismarck’s astonishing success in the Franco-Prussian war did not relieve him of political difficulties at home, and in 1877, wearied by parliamentary difficul ties and ill health, he tendered his resig nation. Germany protested against this act and the Emperor refused to accept his resignation and Bismarck remained chan cellor. In 1878 two attempts were made by the socialists to assassinate the Em- peror and this led to the enactment of BISMAKCK LEAVING XMPCROR’ s PALACE Arran resigning . harsh laws against that society. The laws were remorselessly administered and the result was extremely trying to Bismarck. since his school days in Berlin was he unaccompanied by one or more large dogs, He Resigns His Office. sneh as mastiffs or great danés. He was Tn 1888 Emperor William died and a lover, of good eating and drinking and Frederick William, between whom and waa a heavy smoker until a few years Bismarck there was not much admira ago, when he began to suffer from its tion. came to the throne. But he lived effects. as ruler only a brief time and then Wil- A sketch of the great life closed would The first standing army of which there is any record was organized by King SauL 11193 B. C. The army of Xer xes, in Invading Greece, numbered 1,700,000 foot and 80.000 horses, 480 B. C. The first standing army of mod ern times was maintained In France by Charles VII., 1445. Standing armies were first established in England by Charles L. 1638. Remarkable Irrigation. No fewer than 12.000,000 acres of Find the other hunter. land have been made fruitful In the Sa hara desert, an enterprise representing Kain Signs. perhaps the most remarkable example Tulips and dandelions up before of irrigation by means of artesian wells rain. If it rains when close the sun shined which can anywhere be found. It will rain the next day. A piece of sea Light in the Esrk Continent. weed hung up will become damp pre The lamp mostly used In Africa I« vious to rain. When the walls are a simple contrivance. In a cocoanut more than usually damp rain may be shell filled with palm oil. a bit of rag expected. Unusual clearness in the is placed to serve as a wick, and this atmosphere, objects being seen very gives all the light that the natives re distinctly, indicate« rain. When the sun appears of a light pale color, or quire. Too many people are looking for a goes down in a Imnk of clouds, ft Indi chance to sit down. If you get along, cates the approach or continuance of bad weather. you must keep on your feet We greatly admire a man who has sense enough not to be • thoroughbred But few men are wise enough to re* der one word sufficient.