VOL. XXIV.
-
&
but
Royal Baking Powder
Will make the biscuit, cake and pastry so light,
sweet, tender, delicious and wholesome.
There are many mixtures offered as a sub­
stitute. None of them is the same in composi­
tion or effectiveness, or will make such fine food,
or is so economical.
Besides, the Royal Baking Powder is abso­
lutely pure, containing neither lime, alum nor
ammonia.
There is but one Royal Baking Powder, and
there is no substitute for it.
hr*"'
ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., 106 WALL 8T., NEW-YORK.
Smallpox Still a Mystery.
Pre.nnably a Germ DI.ea.e, but
Nabody Know. Pa.itlvely.
Smallpox having broken out in the
pension bureau, some chance exists
that it may be spread over the
country by means of papers that
have passed through the hands of in­
fected clerks. If an epidemic should
get started in that government of­
fice, such a danger might certainly
be feared.
The disease is wholly mysterious.
Medical science up to date has not
been able to find out how the con­
tagion is produced. It is supposed
to be caused by agerm, or bacterium
of some kind, but nobody knows posi­
tively.
Various micro-organisms
have been separated from the matter
contained in smallpox pustules, but
none of them has been shown to re­
produce the specific complaint of in­
oculation.
Very recently, however, a dis­
covery has been made which is
destined to revolutionize the busi­
ness of vaccination.
The specific
bacterium of vaccine or cow-pox has
been isolated. The importance of
this achievement will be understood
when it is explained that pure
cultures from the germ will be used
in future for inoculating people with
cow-pox, instead of the lymph now
obtained for the purpose from the
cow The present process always
involves some chance of communicat­
ing other diseases to the patient.
Tuberculosis, a complaint exceeding­
ly common among cattle, has often
been given in this way to human be­
ings.
This discovery will destroy the
business of the vaccine farms, of
which there are a number in various
parts of the country One of them
is located near Washington. Young
heifers are employed for the purpose,
inoculations of cow-pox being made
in the skin of their backs, which are
shaved and kept as clean as possible.
The animals cannot well lie on their
backs or lick them, and so those
parts are selected. When the pus­
tules, about the size of a 10c piece,
are sufficiently developed, the fluid
matter contained in them is drawn
off by the simple process of punctur­
ing them and thrusting small pointed
splinters of bone into the vesicles.
This is continued until the vesicles
are empty. The bone “points” thus
tipped with a coating of cow-pox
lymph are dried and sold to dealers
in drug supplies, to apothecaries, or
directly to physicians.
Fortunately, the smallpox now
visiting Washington seems to have
assumed not the most virulent form.
The malignant “black” smallpox is
invariably fatal, usually resulting in
death on the fifth day. Its most
striking symptom is a hemorrhage
into the skin, the coagulated blood
making large black or blue spots
over the body. There is also an ex­
travasation of the membranes which
cover the eyeballs, so that the latter
turn black. Usually there is much
pain in the back, the feet are cold,
and the mind remains remarkably
clear until the end.
This severe
kind of smallpox is very rare, happi­
ly,and it never occurs in persons who
have been efficiently vaccinated after
15 years of age. Smallpox is most
fatal under 5 and over 30 years of
age. At these periods 50 per cent
of those attacked die.
Nobody knows where smallpox
first appeared in the world. It is
said to have been known in China
and India from the remotest an­
tiquity. Of all forms of pestilence,
it has been most destructive. Other
plagues have surpassed it in destruc­
tiveness for a time, but smallpox in
addition to epidemic visitations has
localized itself in every country it
has reached, remaining ever ready
to take advantage of favorable con­
ditions to assume the epidemic form.
No climate is free from its ravages.
Negroes and inhabitants of warm
climates generally suffer from it
with exceptional severity. A century
ago it was reckoned that one-fourth
of the human race bore in blindness
or other forms of suffering or dis­
figurement traces of having been at­
tacked by this fearful enemy of man­
kind.
Ancient Arabian manuscripts have
been discovered which give a fright­
ful picture of the ravages of small­
pox in the Abyssinian army during
the siege of Mecca in the year 569 A.
D. At about the same period, or
soon after, it is known to have raged
all over Europe. The earliest posi­
tive historical records of the plague
do not date further back than the
latter part of the sixth century, but
there is not much doubt that the ep­
idemic which depopulated the world
in the first century was smallpox.
Seneca, describing the pestilence in
Thebes, wrote: “Oh, new and dire­
ful face of death: A flaming vapor
burns the body’s citadel, small spots
besprinkle the skin, the eyes are
stiffened, and the dark blood burst­
ing the veins distills from the
contracted nostrils.”
Smallpox visited Europe a number
of times in the ninth and tenth
centuries.
In the eleventh and
twelfth centuries it was greatly
spread by the wars of the Crusades,
being the only perceivable recom­
pense brought back by the religious
expeditions from the east to their re­
spective countries. From Europe it
was conveyed by the Spaniards to
Mexico and South America, and was
thence diffused over the new world.
It devastated Mexico in 1527, de­
stroying 3,500,000 people and almost
depopulating the country. In 1563
it exterminated whole races of men
in the Brazils. In 1590 it spread
along the coast of Peru and swept
away all the Indians and mulattoes
in the cities of Potosi and La Paz
and the adjacent regions. The his­
torian Prescott says that the natives
“perished in heaps.”
A generation ago Catlin wrote:
“Thirty millions of white men in
North America are now struggling
and scuffling for the goods and luxu­
ries of life over the bones and ashes
of 12,000,000 red men, 6,000,000 of
whom have fallen victims to small­
pox, and the remainder to the sword,
bayonet and whisky of the Caucas­
ian.” Washington Irving mentions
entire tribes as having been nearly
exterminated by the plague—among
others, the Blackfeet, Crows, Man-
dans, Assinaboines and Ricarees. A
translation of the bible having been
made for the once-powerful Six Na­
tions, by the time it was finished no
one was left to read it. As the white
man has made his way over the earth
he has carried his diseases and
whisky with him, and the two togeth­
er have usually served to destroy the
aboriginal population wherever the
intruder has set foot.
In 1707 smallpox wiped out one-
fourth of the population of Iceland,
takiug 16,000 lives. Greenland in
1734 was nearly depopulated by the
plague, losing two-thirds of its in­
habitants. In Russia the disease
kiileK,000.000 people in one year.
It wB reckoned that in Europe half
a million persons died of smallpox
annually. Every twenty-five years
at least 15,000,000 human beings in
Europe succumbed to the complaint.
It spared neither high nor low. The
father, mother and wife of William
III. died of smallpox, as well as his
uncle, the Duke of Gloucester, and
his cousins, the eldest son and young-
est daughter of James II. His own
constitution was permanently shat­
tered by an attack of the scourge.
In short, the disease was a perfect
terror to mankind. It continued to
be such until the beginning of the
last century, without prospect of
mitigation. Then Lady Mary Wort-
ley Montagu, wife of the British
embassador at St. Petersburg, wrote
her historic letter describing the
process of inoculation with smallpox
virus as practiced in Russia. This
letter made known for the first time
in England a method of prevention
which had been understood in the
east for centuries, such inoculation
producing a mild form of smallpox
which rendered the patient safe from
the complaint. Lady Mary had her
own children treated in this way.
In 1722, after preliminary experi­
ments on six condemned criminals,
wnich resulted favorably, two child­
ren of Caroline, Princess of Wales,
were inoculated, thus making the
practice popular.
Every sort of opposition was offered
to this new idea. Sermons were
preached against it. It was declared
wicked to interfere in such a way
with the purposes of the Almighty.
It was alleged to savor of magic and
to be an inspiration of the devil. One
clergyman, the Rev. Edward Massey,
attempted to prove from scripture
that Job’s distemper was smallpox,
and that he was inoculated by Satan;
hence it was undesirable to imitate
the prince of evil.
Though these arguments may not
have been good ones, the practice of
inoculation with smallpox virus was
found to be undesirable for more
practical reasons. The process ren­
dered the individual immune to the
disease, but it gave to the patient
true smallpox, though in a mild form,
and he immediately became a source
from which smallpox was spread
by contagion. Thus the total num­
ber of deaths was actually increased,
and very considerably.
Such was the forlorn and hopeless
state of the world in respect to this
plague at the end of the eighteenth
century, when the observation and
wisdom of man threw a bright light
upon the gloomy scene.
JENNER AND THE COW MAID.
It had been known that from an
early period among the great dairy
farms of Gloucestershire, England,
that cows were occasionally affected
with a peculiar pustular disease,
which could be transferred to those
who milked them, and that by this
disease the milkers were rendered
immune to smallpox. When hardly
more than a boy the great Jenner
was much impressed by the remark
of a milkmaid, who told him that she
was safe from the smallpox. After
thirty years spent in experimenting,
this benefactor of mankind gave to
the world the discovery that inocula­
tion with lymph from the pustules of
cowpox would produce practically
absolute immunity from the much-
dreaded plague.
So far as this idea was concerned,
he could not claim originality. The
same sort of thing had been done
before. There is record of inocula­
tion of three children with cowpox
by a village schoolmaster near Kiel
in 1791. But Jenner was first to
conceive the notion of transmitting
the vaccine from one human being
to another, thus keeping up a perpet­
ual supply of lymph and rendering
mankind independent of the uncer­
tain supply which casual disease in
the cow afforded. In a word, his
idea was to propagate the matter of
cowpox from one human being to an­
other, until the practice should be
disseminated all over the globe to
the total extinction of smallpox.
Success once proved, a storm of
protest and opposition arose, of
course. The pulpit thundered. It
was declared that smallpox was a
merciful provision of the Almighty
to ease the burden of the poor man’s
family. Leviticus was quoted against
contaminating the form of the Creat­
or with the brute creation. Ehrmann
of Frankfort, tried to prove from the
Scriptures that vaccine was actually
anti-Christ. Portents were observed,
such as the birth of an ox-faced boy,
and were gravely commented upon.
And this was less than a century ago!
Nevertheless, vaccination quickly
became diffused over the world. It
was eagerly accepted by aboriginal
Americans, fanatic Mohammedans,
followers of Brahma and Confucius,
and more or less enlightened Eu­
ropeans. Spain sent ships to her
colonies, carrying vaccine, and
physicians to give directions for its
use. Within a few years the number
of deaths from smallpox was reduced
to only a small fraction of what they
had been annually. For example, in
Sweden there had been 2050 deaths
per 1,000,000 of population. The
mortality ran down within ten years
to 158 per 1,000,000. In Berlin, for
forty years before the introduction
of vaccination, an average of 3422
persons died of smallpox yearly. In
the twenty-five following years the
average was oply 176. Occasional
epidemics which have occurred since
then have been due purely and solely
to neglect of this simple precaution.
—Globe-Democrat.
NO. 46.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE ».00 PER YEAR.
One Dollar if paid in advance, Single n umbera five cents.
LOCAL NEWS.
Silverware at Dielschneider’s
Mrs. J. W. Montee is in Salem on a
two weeks’ visit.
Hon. Lee Laughlin was in the city on
business Monday.
F. W. Fenton is putting in a privet
hedge on his residence lots.
Mrs. Branien Clark of Scott’s Mills is
visiting friends in this city.
John Knight, wife and baby, of Hills­
boro, were guests of Rev. Hoberg’s Wed­
nesday.
Mrs. M. E. Powell of Ritter, Grant
county, is visiting friends and relatives in
Dallas.
If you wish to spend an enjoyable eve­
ning, attend the entertainment at the
college Friday night.
Leave your subscriptions for any .news­
paper or magazine at C. Grissen’s book
store.
tf
Lee Wright moved over to Webfoot
last week to become engineer in the mill
at that place.
Mrs. Nora Bayless, nee Newgard, of
San Francisco, is in the city on a visit to
the home of her parents.
$4-50 will buy a bran new banjo, $5 will
buy a good violin, $5 will buy a fine
guitar at C. Grissen’s.
45-2
Rev. J. M. Shultz, pastor of the South
Salem M. E. church, is assisting Rev.
Thompson in the revival meetings here.
Misses Ivy and Ethel McCain left
Monday for the Sound country, to visit
relatives residing in Seattle and Tacoma.
Mrs. Ida Fletcher returned from La
Grande last week, and will remain here
some time, as her son is attending school
in Lafayette.
FROM THU COUNTY PRESS.
New styles in jewelry and holiday
Amity Blade.
goods arriving daily at Wm. F. Diel­
W. G. Buffum and wife celebrated schneider’s, the jeweler.
the 66th anniversary of their mar­ Married, at the M. E. parsonage,
riage yesterday with a fine dinner. Thursday evening, Nov. 8tb, Mr. N. Z.
It was but a short time ago that we Williams and Lulu E. Nelson, both of
announced the 90th birthday of Mr. Chehalem valley.
Buffum, he being some years older C. W. Holman and family left Wed­
than his aged helpmeet. Notwith­ nesday for Ashland to spend the winter,
standing his advanced age, Uncle hoping that a change of climate will be
Billy can still walk down town with beneficial to the health of Mrs. H.
All persons indebted to R. Jacobson
little exertion and is often seeu alone
driving the favorite buggy horse to will please call and settle as we have
waited patiently, and now are obliged to
the buggy, being able to alight and make collections to meet obligations.
tie up without asking odds of any
O. Hatfield and family of Dayton were
one. He takes pride in saying he guests of J. W. Hobbs Tuesday, and the
voted for “Tippecanoe and Benjamin following day they started for Honolulu,
too” and from appearances will vote for the benefit of Mr. Hatfield’s health.
for a couple more successful republi­ A working team of twenty-four mem­
can presidents when he will have bers of Occidental lodge No. 30, I. O. O.
reached the 100th mile stone. Am­ F., went to Newberg last evening to
ity may well be proud of these amia­ render assistance to the brethren there.
ble old folks for their truly Christian P. M. Flynn, the traveling merchant,
example and for realizing in them never lets up for mud, rain, or sunshine.
the oldest couple in Yamhill county. The people have come to regard his visits
as amoDg the indispensable things of
life.
Newberg Graphic.
Friday night’s entertainment by the
G. W. Mitchell of Newberg, John
Philergian
society will be interesting.
Brown of Scotts Mills and Thomas
White of Portland have located a You cannot afford to miss it.
mine in the Cascade mountains east The Dayton water company have ne­
of Scotts Mills, which they say prom­ gotiated for a lot of water-pipe discarded
in Portland by reason of recent improve­
ises to be very rich. They have
ments in the system there. It looks as
made a number of trips to the mine though Dayton is getting alive.
during the past year and after a
Rev. E. E. Thompson preached a very
thorough investigation, they are able sermon Sunday night on the im­
convinced there is something in it. portance, safety and perpetuity of our
Mr. White has had considerable ex­ public schools. He thinks the hope of
perience in mining and he feels assur­ the nation lies in them. The Lord will
ed that they have struck a bonanza. take care of the pulpit.
Mr. Mitchell and Mr. White will leave Messrs. Crawford & Gibbon of Dayton
Newberg on Saturday and will join shipped 102 head of hogs from this point
Mr. Brown at Scotts Mills where to Portland on Monday, making a full
they will lay in a stock of provisions double-deck carload. The hogs were of
and tools and then go to the mine the average weight of 258)^ pounds, and
prepared to make a thorough test it is said constituted the finest shipment
that has gone from here in years.
of their find. They will probably
not get out before Christmas. Their D ied . —Prof. Robert York, principal of
friends hope their most sanguine ex­ the San Bernardino schools of San Ber­
nardino, Cal., died in that city Nov. lOtb,
pectations will be realized.
of typhoid fever, aged 27 years. He was
J. H. Townsend dealer in hardware, a brother of F. M. and S. D. York of this
furniture and undertaking goods, city, and visited this place during the
made an assignment on last Monday summer of 1893. This is the first death
for the benefit of his creditors. Mr. in a family of thirteen boys, the young­
Townsend says the foreclosure of a est of which is over 21 years or age.
Prof. Van Doren gave a phonographic
mortgage on his real estate at Albany
made it necessary for him to take concert and lecture on Africa at the C. P.
this step in order to protect his oth­ church Saturday evening. He made a
tour of the gold dietrict of the dark con­
er creditors.
tinent in the interest of the New York
At the residence of Mrs. Leavitt in Herald, and his description of his ex­
Newberg, Sunday, November 4,1894, plorations w'as full of interest. He goes
Miss Dell Leavitt to Frank H. Story, again next year under the same auspices,
Rev. Mark Noble officiating. The and is confident that he will locate gold
groom is one of the popular young fields yet undiecovered in the territory of
business men of Newberg who is held the savage Mashonas, whose richness
in the highest esteem by everybody will surpass all former discoveries.
in town, while the bride is an accom­ John Kingery, a substantial looking
plished young lady who is very popu­ brother of our substantial friend D. B.,
from South Dakota, arrived here Satur­
lar among the young people. They day night, accompanied by bis wife, to
will occupy Mrs. Leavitt’s residence pay the latter a visit. He has some
until spring, when Mr. Storey will thought of locating in Oregon, we think.
build on his lots situated east of the At any rate he will not return to his
public school grounds.
former place of abode to remain. The
vicissitudes of bad seasons, democratic
Yamhill Independent.
administration and winter blizzards have
Newberg at last has a tannery in been too much for the farmers of that
full operation. Mr. Roberts received section and Oregon is likely to get con­
his tools last Saturday and began siderable immigration from there.
operations the first of the week. He Mrs. Emma Galloway and Mrs. Nettie
says he will begin on a small scale Ungerman, department secretary and
and increase his facilities as the de­ president of the W. R. 0., visited Silver-
mand for his product increases. We ton last week for the purpose of inspect­
are glad to note all such enterprises; ing their relief corps. They report a
splendid time. A campfire was given in
and hope he may succeed even better honor of their visit. By ¡equeet they
than he hopes to.
visited the sons of veterans, S. B. Orms­
by, department commander G. A. R., ac­
North Yamhill Record.
companying them. There they met the
Nina Baird came near being drowned state colonel of the S. of V., Wm. Bloss.
in the Yamhill river the latter A short time was spent in listening to
part of last week. She and Lydia remarks from several. They were much
Pritchard were down to the river pleased with the appearance of the young
for a bucket of water. In some way men of the organization. By courtesy
the bucket got away from Nina and of Mr. Cleland, a former resident of Mc­
floated off down stream. She waded Minnville, they attended a social gather­
ing of Rebekahs and Odd Fellows,
in after it and got in beyond her
when a bounteous lunch was served,
depth, and the current carried her and fine music was rendered. They
down. But she finally came to a came home feeling satisfied with their
shallow place and waded out. It visit and favorably impressed with the
was a narrow escape.
people of Silverton.
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A GENUINE TWENTY PER CENT DISCOUNT SALE!
NOTHING
*
M’MINNVILLE, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1894.
Entered at the Postoffice in McMinnville,
as Second-class matter.