■ — the telephone THE TELEPHONE. » EMOCRATIC fVHLlSHID FRIDAY EVERY PUBLICATION OFFICE: Ont Door North of sor »r Third and I its , M c M innville , i i si ' *' or . ‘ SUBSCRIPTION RATHS : (IN ÁDV1NCK.) On» year.......... Sii month»....... Thre» »outh».. ...*2 oo ... 1 oo ... oo AGRICULTURAL. Devoted to the Interests of Farmers and Stockmen. Poultry Culture. In this article it is intended to giye all tlie facts and hints necessary for the amateur or humblest beginner who is eager to do something iu the line of poultry-raising and make the enterprise fairly profitable. Without the keeping of accounts the poultry man cannot certainly know whether he is going up ordown. He should not only make a record of all expenses and all poultry and eggs not sold or con sumed, but there are other items of experience of which he should make memoranda. For instance, one per son of our acquaintance kept a flock of forty-two Houilau hens. He fed them regularly on scalded wheat bran in the morning, with the addition of a small quantity of refuse meat and all the turnips they would eat, and at night gave them a feeding of dry wheat. He got from the flock au average of twenty-four eggs per day. Then he made a change of diet; gave a pknti ful supply of wheat in the morning, and hard, dry corn at night, with no meat. The cost of feeding was about the same in both cases—and now the income. The eggs decreased imme diately, and in less than two weeks the daily number was thirteen. This was a fact worthy of record, and our friend thought he knew exactly what was the matter. He quickly resumed the for mer practice, and the egg record went to an average of twenty-four. Theu he left off meat entirely and substituted a full supply of skimmed milk. There was no decrease in eggs, but a slight increase. A record should be kept of such ex periments and their results, but there is really no necessity for very many experiments in feeding. Those have been made and published time and again, so that he who reads may know that full feediugs of dry corn given to fowls when confined to small yards will not conduco to large numbers of eggs ; in fact, in this climate it is much better not to use corn at all. Accounts have been kept by many of our corres pondents owning from twenty to ninety layers, and it has demonstrated what we have claimed time and again in these columns, that a profit may be ob tained from $2 to $-1 annually on each hen kept. But in most instances there is no account kept, and only a guess in regard to the question of profit or loss. There have also been acoounta kept of poultry on a larger scale, with slightly smaller profits per head. All necessary accounts may be kept in a small note-book that can be carried in the breast-pocket. There is no elabo- <rate book keening, yet there are many [uses for such a book. We all know [how often points for consideration oc- jpur to us at inopportune times and ■ade from our memories and become lost unless noted down. A few’worde written with a pencil in the note-book ■nay become valuable, as preserving ■irices offered or accepted, paid or due, orders received, expressage to leading points, dates of hatching, age of stock markings of different strains or fami lies—in fact, such a little note-book may contain a sufficient record of events to guide the breeder next year to facts that he will think are of some im’portance. No matter how good our memories are, they cannot be expected to retain the events of a year ago as satisfactory as the written remem brance in our note-books. By all means we advise poultry keepers to keep a strict account with their poultry. Charge the fowls with their cost, rent of building, cost of feed and the value of time devoted to their care. Give credit for eggs produced, poultry sold or used for food, and the value of stock, old and young, at the close of the account. At the end of the year there will be a sound argu ment in the form of figures to prove that poultry-keeping pays, if the bus iness has been rightly done; if not the truth will not hurt in (belong run, for a careful survey of the accounts may show that there has been an unnec essary leakage somewhere, that may be stopped. Some beginner» make mistakes, at first, in any business. It i» quite as important to be aware of losses as of gains. This is not written for the men of ample means, who keep fowls for pleasure, but for the thou sands who would be thrifty and con duct a poultry business,large or small, in the very best way. It is not enough to know in a gen eral way that fowls seem to be doing pretty well. To know what we ara about, and what kind of labor pays best, we must have a system and not go hap-hazard or by jeris. We ought t<> know how different kinds of food affect health or egg-pro! notions; how a dollar’s worth of oats or corn com pares with the same value in wheat or barley, in lasting or nutritive qualities. The “egg machine” should run with the least possible friction, with no un necessary waste of pow». Then, too, the keeping of a memoranda as we have cuggested, will enable the breeder to give more accurate dhscriptions of stsxk to those who wi-h to purchase birds, in case fancy fowls are culti vated. He can readily state the exact age, strain, or family of particular birds. The ability to state to a custo mer that a certain cockerel st nt to him is from a mating last year of “Nero,” weighing ten pounds, with “Bess,” weighing eight pounds, *tc., instead of stating vaguely that eaiti cockerel was from good sire and dam is worth more than those who have not tried such a method may suspect. Keep accounts and make notes. He* Cheleta. Raise re of hogs in Mveral widely separated localities has, of late suf fered more or less from tie prevalence •f hog cholera. RATES OF ADVERTISING. MORNING. Many large bands WEST SIDE TELEPHONE. VOL. II. have lieen killed off by the disease, and while little has been publicly said about the matter, it is a well-known fact that the ravages of the malady have caused serious loss in many places. Those who have lost by tlit appearance of the disease have more thau once been puzzled to account for its appearance. They kuow that is generated by ex cessive filth and is communicated by contact with diseased animals, but why it should suddenly break out in a band which had never been exposed to con tagion, and whose surroundings were in as clean and healthy a condition as possible, lias been an unfathomable mystery to them. Yet Buch has been the case more than once, and no one has been able to solve the problem. A correspondent of the Ohio Department of Agriculture, however, thinks that he has hit U(»on the solution, and cer tainly his theory has many elements of plausibility. He says: “A farmer of my acquaintance, in this locality, informed nre that while picking corn he found three fragments of swine flesh in his cornfield on the ground. One fragment was about the size of a man’s thumb, the other two pieces were smaller. The appearance of the three fragments indicated that they had been torn, not cut, from the car cass of a hog. Now, as the hog chol era prevails to an alarming extent in this neighborhood, and crows abound in this locality, and the said farmer noticed crows in their flight crossing and re-crossing over his field during the day he found the fragments of flesh, he is quite confident that these pieces of fresh swine flesh were drop ped by the crows. It would seem from the above that it is very important that all hogs dying from disease should be burned or buried immediately, in or der to prevent the disease from being carried from one farm to another by crows and flesh-eating birds. Carrion eating birds are more abun dant on the Pacific Coast than any where else. Between the turkey buz zard and the crow there are very few carcasses of animals, from whatever cause they may have died, which do not receive attention, and the danger of contagious diseases being thus spread is tenfold greater here than in States east of the Rocky mountains. For this reason farmers who have any stock die, whether from infectious mal adies or otherwise, should see to it that the carcasses are at once burned or buried so far out of tight that resur rection by carrion-hunters, either bird or quadruped, is impossible. A lit tle time and labor spent in this man ner will often save thousands of dol lars in a community. The matter is an important one and should receive universal attention, especially on this coast, where the custom is now and always has been to let the bodies of animals remain wherever they happen to fall, to pollute the air and breed con tagion. MCMINNVILLE, OREGON, AUGUST 12, 1887 COAST CULLINGS. HUW GLOVES ARE MADE. Interesting Fact« Concerning; an Impor tant New Yotk State Industry. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. One Hundredth Anniversary nt Its Cewion te the United Staten. NO. 16 THE BRAZILIAN PEOPLE. Wliat Lieutenant Barna«, U. 8. hi., Saw in IU«» de .Janeiro. Devoted Principally to Washington Two things will particularly attract Nobody, so far as we know, has ever The cession of the Noi thwest Terri Territory and California. disputed the proposition that one-half tory to ths Federal Government forms the notice of a visitor to Rio, the street Sailors are in demand at Port Town send. There are 340 residences in Colfax, an increase of 60 in a year. The Benton vineyard, near Fresno, Cal., has been sold for $1,000,000. The town of Camptonville, Cul., waB almost entirely swept away by fire. Joseph Vipond was run over and killed by a coal car at Carbondale, W. T. John Edwards, a musician, fell into the bay at San Francisco, and was drowned. The convicts in the prison at Walla Walla have been put to making soap and brick. There are 945 school children in Se attle, and a $30,000 schoolhouse is to be erected. The Catholic Sisters will erect a three-story brick school building at Yakima, W. T. Four hundred men will be required to build the snow-sheds at Stampede tunnel, N. P. R. R. A large female cougar was killed in Vancover, W. T. She swam the river from the Oregon side. John L. Sullivan, a twelve-year-old boy, fell off a wharf at South Vallejo, Cal., and was drowned. At Los Angeles, Cal., a Spaniard named Calazada killed his wife by shooting her five times. The Manitoba road is now 150 miles west of Buford, and coming west at the rate of five miles a day. Father Hylabas, of Tacoma, has been elected Vicar-General of the dio- cese of Washington Territory. Fred Aren son, a section man em- ployed on the Utah Northern road, was drowned in Blackfoot river. V. R. Lancaster, a farmer living near Willows, Cal., fell off a load of lumber and was instantly killed. The Spokane Rifle Club has organ ized under the American standard rules. They have thirty members. William Woods, a California pioneer, died near Idaho City, I. T., from inju ries received by being thrown from a hone. Henry Chapman was instantly killed by falling a distance of fifty feet, while at work on a new shed at San Francisc«. Jose de la Duiz Robles fell into an abandoned tunnel at New Alamaden, Cal., and was killed. He was 63 years old and single. The Galena mine, owned by Scott McDonald, James Brady and A. B. Mtray Cattle. Goldstein, has been bonded to Phil In Canada, as in most other commu O’Rourke for $25,000. nities, when a farmer picks up a stray Mr. Frank L. Green, of London, animal, he cares for it, advertises it and England, was drowned at Three Forks, calls upon the owner to pro^e prop Gallatin county, Montana, while bath erty, pay charges, and take the animal ing in Jefferson river. away. To the ordinary mind this Iu 1886 the production of quicksil plain transaction appears very straight ver in California was 25,981 flasks. forward, and to offer but a small op This is’ a decrease of 2,092 flasks, but portunity for fraud. But the mind of the total value shows an increase of the swindler is equal to the occasion, $80,811, due to an increase in prices. and can convert this simple matter of About 200 residences are being advertising an estray into a swindle upon the farmer who advertises. erected at Seattle. The demand for These swindlers, as usual, hunt in lumber is so great that the local mills couples, according to the Harina (Ont.) are unable to supply the demand, al Observer. They read the local news though the price has been advanced. papers carefully, and when a farmer The present output of coal from the publishes an estray notice, No. 1 calls Roslyn (W. T.) mines is reported to be to look at the animal. The farmer 450 tons per day. This amount can shows the beast, and the fellow de be largely increased any time, when cides it not his ; then he returns to there is demand for a greater quantity. his partner and describes it minutely In accordance with instructions re to him. No. 2 goes to the farmer and after proving by a thorough descrip ceived from the Chief Signal officer of tion that he is the owner of the ani tbe United States army, the weather mal, says he cannot take it away and indications for the Pacific Coast will offers to sell at a bargain. The farmer be discontinued for the month of A ii- buys it, and in a few days the rightful gust. owner comes and claims the animal. While the government steamer was This is a swindle which may readily engaged in replacing a buoy on take in an honest farmer and it prob Brotchie’s ledge, near Victoria, the ably will not be confined to the bor buoy, which had a hole stove in it, sud der. Farmers, beware how you pur denly sank, taking the boat’s crew of five with it.. Two men were drowned, chase estrays. Thomas Stratton and Douglas Booth. It is claimed that sorrel can be erad The stockholders of the South Pa icated from fields by the generous ap cific Coast Railroad Company have plication of un leached wood ashes. elected the fcdlowiug new directors: Leland Stanford, C. F. Crocker, Tim Never use sulphur on the bodies of othy Hopkins, Charles Crocker, C. P. young chicks, for gapes or any other Huntington,. W. P. Huntington and disease. Lard and sulphur applied N. r. Smith. Leland Stanford was while in the downy state will cause elected President, and C. F. Crocker sores and severe torture, and sometimes Vice-president. death. A tea trau on the Union Pacific struck a hand car while rounding a After shearing, ticks will emigrate between Piedmont and Leroy. from the shorn sheep to the lamb; curve then is the time to drive the ticks out It was not seen until the engine was within a few rods of it. Part of the of the flock. Watch the lambs, and men jumped and saved themselves, but when the ticks have colonized then the section foreman went over in front dip into tobacco water. Twelve to of the car and was run over by it and fifteen pounds refuse tobacco boiled in a gallon or two of water, then diluted cut to pieces by tbe engine. George P. Tautphax, 15 years old, to make one barrel, will do for 100 was killed at Sin Francisco by falling lambs.__________ • seventy feet from tbe roof of a build A stock raiser reports that be de ing in course of construction. The stroys lice on cattle by boiling pota buy was ¡flaying with his comrades in toes until they are thoroughly cooked, the building, and in an endeavor to then removing the potatoes, allowing get to tlie ground before the others, the water to boil down to one half, the grasped a rope running through to the quantity to increase its strength. The sidewalk. The rope ran through the water is then used on the animals as a pulley and the boy fell, smashing his wash. Two quarts of potatoes boiled skull. in three gallons of water are the proper Fish Commissioner Routier, of Cali proportions. fornia, recently told a reporter : “We are now ready to distribute 250,000 It is a«sumed that, of course, the trout in California to whoever wants milk-pail should be most thoroughly- them. In August wewill hatch 2,000,- washed night and morniDg, and as 000 salmon at the hatchery, eighty soon as possible after the cow is milked. miles north of Redding. The State At this season a slight neglect in this appropriated $7,500 at th« last session matter will soon make the milk unfit of the Legislature for the hatching of for use. Half of the complaints of both trout and salmon. Capt. Tod- milk are due to carelessness of hand man has already hatched about 500,- ling it, and especially in eleaning the 000 in Lake Tahoe. The«« will be put cast in which it is aarriad around for in that lak« and streams and lakes neighboring.” •al«. of the world does not know how the other half lives; and we have little fear of contradiction when we make bold to declare that probably’ one half of the |>eople of the United States do not know where tliejr gloves come from. Of course it is generally koown that gloves of tiee kid, such as ladies wear, and gloves of a certain form which fashion prescribes for men, are bought from abroad, bur whence comes tlie great supply of all oilier gloves? 1 te inswer would not be very far wsonp if ime were to say from Fulton County, N. Y. Four-fifths of the gloves ma.le ■n America, it is estimated, are manu factured in the county named, and the nauufaetories which makes gloves else where are in great part the children of Fulton County, indebted to her for ;heir nurture and their establishment in ife. The headquiirters-of the glove-niak- ng industry in Fill Um County are’for- •y-five miles northwest of Albany, in lolmstown township. The villages of 'iloversville and Johnstown in that .ownship contain a population of about 10,000, seven-eighths of whom are {love-makers. There are upward of 150 glove manufactories in tho section, jrlove-inaking in what is now Fulton ,'ountywas begun early in the present •entnry. Upon tile passing away of sir William Johnson, tlie famous In- lian agent of colonial times, and of his ion Sir John, a zealous Tory’ who 'ought fiercely for King George, lie Dutch farmers of the neigh borhood looked about for some bet ter means of support than were iffered to them by the soil, which was lot fitted for husbandry, although there was good grazing land upon the stony hillsides. A shrewd family from Con necticut are popularly credited with in troducing into the neighborhood the manufacture of buckskin gloves. There was in the convenient North Woods in those days a supply of material for this manufacture so great that nobody would have thought it could ever be exhaust ed, but the demand of the American people for gloves proved to be still greater, and the North Woods deer »eased to be depended upon by the Ful ton County glove-makers .years ago. To-day the gloves manufactured in Glo- versville and Johnstown are made of skins brought from the most distant parts of the globe. The great bulk are buckskins and sheepskins, but there are many others which the glovemakers use—among them sealskin, dog-skin, East India cowhide and the skin of the South American water-hog. The bulk of the buckskin comes from Mexico and Central and South America. The deer of the tropics is covered witii a heavier skin than covers the deer of these lati tudes, and the finest sheepskin comes from South Africa, and is that of the Cape hair-sheep. “The coarser the wool, the finer the skin,” is a glovemaker’s saying. All manner of furs, too, go to Fulton County, to be used in finishing tlie gloves. The business of glove-making in Fulton County amounts to about 48,- 000,000 y early. The wages of tho most skillful workers—the table cutters ns they are called—run from $60 to $80 a month; block cutters get from $55 to (65 monthly’, and mnehlne girls earn, according to their skill, from $6 to $12 and even $14 a week. The skins of which gloves are made go through a very exhaustive variety of processes. Someof them are soaked in vats variously from three days to four weeks, after which they get a scraping from the “beam” worker. They are then dried into parchment, then soaked in water, then “milled” in oil, then put upon the beam again and scoured of oil and natural grease with alkali, being repeatedly dried in the course of this various treatment. After the alkali scouring they are put upon the “breaking” machine, and are then “hand-staked” with a blunt tool to render them pliable. Then they go on to the “buck-tail” or enfery wheel, and from there into the identical oil and natural grease of which they were scoured with such pains. Then they nre wrung out and colored, then again “broke-staked” and “finished," then smoked, and then turned over to the glove-makers, who promptly “stake” them again, cut them either on the block or by hand (“table" cutting), “silk" them, sew them, do much else to them, put buttons on them, fit them over metal hands hented by steam, sort them, and put them up in the pasteboard boxes in which iliey are -ent to market. The gloves mado in Fulton County are of all sorts, and range from a lady’s kid to tlie cow boy's gauntlet splendid with tassel» and gold coni.— Harper's Bazar.. an important chapter in tlie history of the country. The problem of the own- trshipof ths land which the various States claimed at tbe far West, was one of tlie most serious obstacles to an agreement upon the Articles of Confed eration. As early as 1778, Maryland insisted that the western limits of the States ought to be restricted, and tlie title to the western lands vested in tlie United States. Her argument was ex pressed the following year in the in structions of her General Assembly to her delegates in Congress: “Suppose, for instance, Virginia in disputably possessed of the extensive and fertile country to which site lias set up a claim, what would be the probablq consequences to Maryland of such an undisturbed and undisputed pos ession? Virginia, by se ling ou the most moderate terms a small pro portion of the lands in question, would draw into lier treasury vast sums of money, and, in proportion to tho sums arising from such sales, would be ena bled to lessen her taxes. Lands com paratively cheap and taxes compara tively low, with the dear lands and taxes of an adjacent State, would quickly drain the State thus disadvan- tageously circumstanced of its most useful inhabitants; its wealth and its consequence in the scale of tlie confed erated States would sink.” Delaware, in 1779. presented to Con gress several resolutions of its Legis lature, declaring that as the tract of country west of State frontiers would be won from Great Britain l>y the blood and treasure of all, it ought to be “a common estate.” The resolutions also included tlie following: '‘Resolved, That thia State thinks it necessary for the peace and safety of tho Stales to be In cluded in the Union, that a moderate extent of limits should be assigned for such of those States as claim to the Mississippi or South Sea; and that tlie United States in Congress assem bled should and ought to have the power of Us ing their western limits." In the spring of 1780, New York passed an act empowering its dele gates* in Congress to cede to the United States the territories in which it claimed a proprietary right, giving as a reason that it found the Articles of Confederation opposed by some on the ground “that a portion of tho waste and uncultivated territory within tho limits or claims of certain States ought to be appropriated as a common fund for the expenses of the war.” Its ac tion was expressly declared to bo un dertaken “to accelerate the Federal al liance by removing the before-men tioned impediment." Congress there upon asketl all the States having claims to the Western country to follow the example of New York. This Virginia was foremost to do, in 1784. Massa chusetts, Connecticut, tho Carolinas and Georgia followed. In several cases, if not in all, proprietary rights over some tracts were retained, but these were small in proportion to those yielded. * Virginia’s noble gift was the North western Territory, out of which were duly formed Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, with a part of Minnesota. It was promptly ac cepted, and a temporary provision made for its government. This gave way to tlie famous Ordinance of July 13. 1787, the final article of which pro vided that there should be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the Territory, except for the punish ment of crimes, expressly adding, how ever, a provision for tlie return of fugi tives, “from whom labor or seivice is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States.” Two forts already existed in this territory north of tlie Ohio, and the or dinance of 1787 expressly provided for the property of “the French and Cana dian inhabitants and other settlers of the Kaskaskias, St Vincents, and the neighboring villages who have hereto fore professed themselves citizens of Virginia.” But it was in tlie spring following tbe passage of the ordinance of 1787 that the first regular colony was sent from the original States, un der General Rufus Putnam, and estab lished itself at the junction of the Mus kingum with tlie Ohio, naming the set- t'.ennjnt Marietta. General St Clair, the new Governor of the Territory, and Winthrop Sargent, the Secretary, soon followed, and tho place was strongly fortified.—JV. Y. Sun. Swedish Wood Oil, Wood oil is made on a large scale in Sweden from the refuse of timber cut tings and forest clearings, and from stumps and roots; and although it can not well lie burned In common lumps on account of the heavy proportion of carbon it contains, it furnishes a satis factory light in lamps especially made for it, and in its natural state is said to lie the cheapest of illuminating oils. Thirty factories produce nlioiit 40,000 liters of the oil daily, turpentine, crc- sote, acetic acid, charcoal, coal tar oil and other useful substances nre nlso obtained from the same material.— Boston Budget. —Gessler? Who is Gessler?" said Mrs. Beckrain to her husband. “He was a tyrant, my dear, and also a life- insurance agent.” “What do you mean by such nonsense?”* “There is no nonsense about it, Mrs. Beckram, I ssure you. liqgg not William Tell say to Gessler in the third act: ‘Ha, tyrant, ---------- —• bast thou not given me assurance of my The Old Lady Settled It life?' Your husband, madam, never Mr. Clark and his wife were going to makes a statement that he is not pre pared to support by documentary evi California, but it Is just possible that they will give np the enterprise. It dence.”— Terns Siftings. happened in tlifb way. Mr. Clark was reading an article — A hnlibnt weighing thfrty-fonr pounds and measuring forty-one inches alwut the country from a paper sent in length was captured recently in the him, and had just reached a sentence l»wer Potomac, near Colonial Beach, t-eginning with: “The mean tenipi-re- l liis is the first authentic case of a hali I tile of Californy,” when Mrs. Clark but in fresh water. Hitherto it was laid down her knitting. “That settles it,” she said, taking ofl supposed that the vicinity of Long island was the extreme southern limit tier specs. "1 ain't agoin’ to any coun where the temperature is any of the habitat of this fish.—Boston try meaner than it is to nome. We ain't budget. goin’ to go. "—Detroit Free Frees. illumination and tlie street cars or bonds, as they are called, because the bonds issued to pay for them have never been redeemed. The gas lamps are unusually numerous in all parts of the city, and their lines extend even to the most remote suburbs. The Santa Theresa walk, w hieh lias not a building upon it save an uncompleted hospital, has gas lamps at intervals of about fifty yards fur its whole length. Thia seemed so surprising I made inquiry in regard to it and received a satisfactory explanation. The contract for estab lishing the plant for illuminating the city by gas was given to an American, and ho was to be paid a certain amount per lamp, therefore ho put in as many lamps as nil elastic conscience would permit. The result is Rio is one nf the best lighted cities in the world. The street cars are noticeable for their number, their long route», thoir different sizes, the rapid rate at which they travel and the fact that they are drawn by mules instoad of horses; mules are used for al', draught pur poses, horses only for riding. Mules draw the heaviest trucks and tlie finest carriages. I saw a long funeral proces sion in which every vehicle, hearse in cluded, was drawn by mules, and they did not look ungainly’ either. The mule when well kept and groomed makes a very good appearance. The eradication of a little prejudice makes a great diffeAmce in an appre ciation of animals, and even of our fellow men. 1 have known many instances of people who were neglect ed and shunned by others in tlie com munity, and who went to tlie dogs, but might have made worthy, respected citizens hail they received a little at tention and encouragement—good feed and careful grooming. The street cars are all open like our summer cars, and have the same arrangement for ringing up fares, and signal gongs. They are of two widths, one that to which we are accustomed, tlie other very narrow, not more than two-thirds as great. On some streets both kinds of ear» uni on the same route, a third line of rails being laid for the purpose. I no ticed one feature which might perhaps be advantageously introduced into some of our cities, cars for transport ing freight, some closed and soino a mere platform. I could not see that they interfered with travel at all, but they seem to bo well patronized, and are regarded as a great convenience. Tho Brazilians seem to be a badly mixed people. The Portuguese, negro and Indian elements have been shaken up together until each lias lost its in dividuality by absorbing characteristics of the others. I did not see an indi vidual of either raco that I could un hesitatingly pronounce of pure blood. The universal custom of gathering at the windows and in tlie bal conies toward evening afforded an excellent opportunity for observ ing these peculiarities. In many a family group I observed the cjiar- acteristies of each nice plainly marked. One child with thick lips, full nose, black complexion and kinky hair; the next, coarse, black, straight hair, thin face and brown complexion; and a third, perhaps with fair features and red hair. There seems to be nd race distinctions. All associate to gether upon terms of perfoct equality. The line of caste is rnther between the sexes. Women are regarded ns inferior, and are greatly hampered by social usage. Boys cease to show any respect for their mothers or regard their au thority before they reach their teens, which destroys family discipline. In fact, I am told there is no such thing as family discipline. Children are never governed or punished, though girls are kept secluded, and until mar ried are never permitted to meet gen tlemen except once in a while at a pub lic entertainment. There is no court ship or love-making between young people, and no marriages which nre the result of mutual attachment. Such things nre arranged by tlie parents, and the parties most interested may perhaps have never seen each other previous to the wedding. After mar- ringe women nre somewhnt less re stricted. The Brazilians have the rep utation of being very immoral. I can not say they nre not, but I saw notli- nothiug to support the roputntiun. One would see far more evidence of vice ami immorality in New York in tlie same time. — Cor. Christian al Work. Superseding the Hors«. In the German army the experiment is being tried of mounting tlie nides and messengers, ns well as some meal ier» of the statl, upon bicycles and tri cycles. The roads and fields on the continent are in such exc< Hunt condi tion that these wheeled vehicles can I mi easily used. As is well known a bicy cle can, in time, run down the swiftest horse, and then it is cheap to keep. Of course, horses would have to he used for dragging heavy artillery and for cavalry purposes. Horsemen can no longer I k * used for charging njKin lines of infantry.’ The magazine rifle has put an end to all suJh exploits. But for raids, tearingdown telegraph poles, cutting off detachments, a regiment of wheelmen might be qnitq as useful as a troop of horse.— Demorest's Monthly. —A unique modern improvement is n stairway which will accommodate children and aged people as kindly as t <loos those of full physical ability. It i, divided into halves, and the mid dle is btoken so that it has doubts the number of steps as the sides.—C7«ieop« Times. One aquare or leas, one Insertion. ........ (1 00 O ik - »quart'. each subsequent insertion.... 50 Notice« of appointment und final settlement 6 00 other legal advertí semen ta, 75 rente for fine insertion and 40 cents per square for each sub sequent insertion. Special busii esj notices in bnsinen column«. 10 cents per line. Regular businewi notices. í cents per line. Professional cards, $12 per year. Special rates for Urge display “ada.” SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. —One of the industries of the boys and girls at Lowville, N. Y.. is the gath ering of spruce gum. A great many make over (Jve dollars a day. —The hop crop lost year was about 92,000 tons, while the estimated con sumption is 81,000 tons, leaving a sur plus of 10.000 tons. Yet, as the hop crop is sometimes very uncertain, prices may go up again before the close of 1887.— Cleveland Leader. —In a recent lecture before the Royal Society of Edinburgh John Murray, of the Challenger expedition, said he be lieved that, taking its size into consid eration, there was no country in the world with a better record of scientific work or a greater mass of scientific lit erature than Scotland during the past twenty years. —Chicago Times. —There is not so ruiioh need of sand paper in the manufacture of furniture and all cabinet work nowadays, as the machinery used turns out very perfect work. It is estimated by one of the largest manufacturers of sand-paper in the country that not more than seventy per cent, of the amount of last year’s business will be done this year. —Boston Budget. —A vexing and unsettled question in ph ysiology is, “Why are not tho walls of stomach and intestines themselves di gested by their own fluids?” Because these tissues are living, was the answer of John Hunter in 1772, but Dr. J. VV. Warren has just disproved this expla nation by digesting the legs of ining frogs in artificial gastric juice.— Spring field Times. —Mr. Stephen Salisbury, of Worces ter, Mass., has just given to the Tech nical Institute of that city $100,000, to bo used in the erection and equipment of a building for laboratories for me chanical, physical and chemical science as a memorial to his father, the late Stephen Salisbury, who for a great many years was president and chief patron of the institute. — Chicago Trib une. —The invention of a new optical glass is said to be creating a sensation in the German scientific world. The glass, owing to its great refractory power, promises to bo of marked influence in practical optics, inasmuch as it will ad mit of tho production of lenses of sh> rt focal width, such as it has hitherto been impossible to obtain. For microseopio photography it will bo of tho greatest importance. — Public Opinion. —At a meeting of the Physiological Society of Berlin it was given as a fact that when the bee has filled his coll and has completed tho lid a drop of formio acid, obtained from tho poison bag con nected with the sting, is added to the honey by perforating the lid with the sting. This formic acid preserves honey and every other sugar solution from fermentation. Most of the insects that have a stinging apparatus similar to that of the bee are collectors and storers of honey, so the eting has a double function—it is a weapon and a pickle.— Foote's Health Monthly. te <te PUNGENT PARAGRAPHS. —California raisin growers expeot to make an average of $400 an acre this season. —The old saying, “Worth, not wealth," means that yon can’t buy any thing of Worth unless you have wealth. —“Mr. and Mrs. Bullion called this afternoon, sor.” “Too bad; and we were out. Did they leave any mes sage?” “Yes, sor: he «aid, “Good, good; tell him l'tn so sorry he were not at home."’ —Ho (at. dinner)—“May 1 assist yon to the cheese, Miss Vassar?” Miss Vassar (just graduated)—“Thanks, nol I am very comfortable where I am. But you may assist the cheese to me, if you will!”— Puck. —A Division of Labor.—He—“Where are you going, my pretty maid?” She —"I’m going a-inilking, sir” (she said). Ho—“Can 1 not help you, my pretty maid?” She—“You can work the pump-handle, sir” (she said).— Puck —The tallest inan in the world Is supposed to be an Austrian named Winkelmeier, twenty-two yean of age. His height Weight feet and three inches, being a foot more than that of Chang, tho Chinese giant— Chicago Advance. DYSPEPSIA Up to a few weeks ago I considered myself the champion Dyspeptic of America. Daring the yean that I have been afflicted I have tried almost everything claimed to be a siwfflc for Dyspepsia in the hope of finding something that would afford permanent relief. I had about made up my mind to abandon all medi cines when I noticed an endoreement of Simmons IJver Regulator by a prominent Georgian, a Jurist whom I knew, and concluded to try lta effect« in my case. I have used but two bottles, end ara satisfied that I bavo struck tbe right thing at last. 1 felt lta beneficial effects almost Im mediately. Unlike all other prepara tions of a similar kind, no special instructions are required as to what one shall or shall not enL ThU flset alone ought to commend It to all troubled with Dyspepsia. J. N. HOLMBB, Vineland, N. J. semonsuverm •WAY QKNUINK SAXVT4 J H. HUM A Ms. /