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TELEPHONE
MINNVILLE, OREGON, MARCH 11, 1881
1 -“t* SAWjg^
re.'l‘»i»»ofut.
je r last re>li
’Uisjeiently"
!" SAID.
Frederick th.
«»tiling^ A,
* ‘'rce8“G0|4.
he most
'¡d '»y in. char-
'*”•> will cn-
'■"P’-y, kidar,
utiar
, the contran
!>' ’ rai eable to
hy which
blood is mads
J'. " hich htt
overrim w¡U
■in Hayti.
THE o
MIC ~
lie Nene»,
»TOffOn, MH
’ Weak B,wk
i Almont in-
it highly
n. «ay» “I
-pure Blood
rs: “I han
e with most
est tomo io
ST SIDE 'TELEPHONE.
PRECIOUS STONES.
----- Issued------
,-jRY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY
—ui—
MANY OF THEM THAT ARE LITTLE
KNOWN BUT VERY VALUABLE.
lonTisois BnilO. McMlmille, Oregon,
--BY —
alma fife Ac Turner,
Fsblishsrs and Proprietors.
How Diamonds Ar« Classified — The
Agate, the Amethyst and the Emerald.
Garnet and Bloodstone—A Long List
of Valuable Gema.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
..............................................................................»? 00
“Our people have to be educated in the
matter of appreciating certain valuable
stones. The people of London and Now
rceaiouths........................... "¿1.......................
3
York are thoroughly posted on the sub­
tiered iu the Poatoflice at McMinnville. Or., ject of stones, and therefore they know
‘
as second-class matter.
the value ot them. Out here the diamond
ia looked upon as the most valuable—in
the only really precious stone that
y. V. JOHNSON, M. D. fact,
there is. As a consequence we labor un­
der a disadvantage, as compared with
Xorthweit corner of Second and B street»,
dealers in tlie east. Of course, I know
OREGON.
tliat there are some hero who are informed
(XXV1LLB
ou the subject of precious stones, but I
, hr tyin l at bl. uffiue wh.u nut abwat ou pro-
mean that as a class our people have
much to learn. For instance, if I were to
usk almost anybody that came in here if
LITTLEFIELD & CALBREATH,
he would like to buy an Alexandrite he
would not know what I meant. ’ ’
“Tell ine something about gems. What
lysicians and Surgeons,
is an Alexandrite?”
M c M innville , oregon .
“It is dark green in color by daylight
and dark rod at night. It is named after
Office over Braly’s Bank.
the czar of Russia, and owes its celebrity
to its prominent hues of red and green,
the chosen emblematic colors of that
S. A. YOUNG, M. D.
empire’s flag."
I
“Ls it true that you can’t break a dia­
mond?"
Physician and Surgeon,
* ‘A diamond will crack or break as any
IIXNVILLE
-
•
-
OREGON.
other stone, but tho cracking will reduce
Ice and re’¡deuce oh D street. All call» promptly $1,003 to nothing, spite of the vulgar
cred day or night.
tradition that you ‘can’t break a ilia- i
mond. ’ Only about one iu ten ls royal,
the others lxjing black or colored (useful
dr . g . f . tucker ,
iu the arts).”
DEATIST,
VALUATION OF DIAMONDS.
“How do you get at ths value of dia­
[1NNVILLE
-
-
•
OREGON.
monds ?”
“The valuation of gems is arbitrary,
Ice-Two doors east of Biughaiu’s furniture
depending on many considerations. Among
ughing gas administered for painless extraction.
them is ‘water.’ If perfectly limpid,
like a drop of the purest water, it
is classed ‘first water. ’ Color comes
PRICE,
next. Colorless ranks highest, whit­
ish next, while tle merest suspicion
of green or blue rather heightens
the rank ot white stone3. Rose comes
next, aud then yellow or amber, but they
must all be perfect in water and flawless
UpStairs in Adams’ Building,
to rank among the first class.
OREGON
I minnville
“What about agates?”
“They are translucent to transparent—
all colors. Agates are built up layer on
layer,
hundreds to the inch.
STER POST BAND, Those sometimes
stained by mangmmese or iron in
moss like figures and veins (moss agates),
The Best in the State.
sometime« closely resembling persons and
prepared to furnish munic for all occasion» at reason
things, command very high prices.”
able rate». Address
“Can you give me a chapter on the
”
i. J. KOWLANI), amethyst?
“It is transparent, purple or violet in
Business Manager, McMinnville.
color. A cluster as mined generally con­
tains other crystals of blue, green, yellow,
M’MINN VILLE
red, gray and white. The red crystals are
properly rose quartz, the clouded ones
smoky quartz; the green aro prase, the
yellow ‘false topaz’ and the perfectly clear
Corner Third and D streets, McMinnville
are rock, crystals. The finest rock crys­
tals are found in great numbers near Hot
Springs, Ark., in ‘Diamond mountain.’”
GAN BROS. & HENDERSON, “What is a hard stone aside from the
diamond?”
Proprietors.
“The aquamarine—a transparent beryl
of greenish blue. It is a lovely stone-sis­
'he Best Rigs in the City. Orders ter of tho emerald, and very hard. It will
cut all the amethysts, but not the topaz,
imptly Attended to Day or Night,
and is not affected by acids. The chryso­
beryl (cat’s eye) is very hard, but ranks
below sapphires, rubies, etc. It is trans­
parent to translucent green in many
shades. Tlie chrysoprase is apple green,
aud some stones are very beautiful and
BILLIARD HALL.
highly valued.”
“How does the emerald rank?”
“The translucent or subtransparent and
A Strictly Temperance Resort.
green variety of the beryl, just as the
aquamarine is the transparent and blue
go«d(f) Church members to the contrary not­
variety, but it Ls very much more highly
wit L standing.
prized. Emeralds rank next to tlie dia­
mond, ruby and finer sapphire. Oriental
is the green sapphire—very rare,
Orphans’ Home” emerald
very beautiful and very valuable.”
“Are there stones that can be passed for
TONSORIAL PARLORS,
another?”
“The garnet, which is transparent and
only firjt class, and the only parlor-like »hop in the
red, depends upon its value altogether on
its looks, for it can often pass as a ruby."
eity. None but
“What is a bloodstone?”
rst • elans IVorkiiru
Employed
“A variety of chalcedony of a deep green
color, variegated with blood-red or yel­
indoor south oI YamhiU County Bank Building.
lowish spots. It is properly called helio­
M l MINEVILLE. OREGON.
trope.”
“Name some other stones. I ve run
H. H. WELCH.
out.”
HOTOGRAPHER
Fruttini
cspecuh'y
easily ob*
musimi*
: no suoi;
RID out
menti, U
U1FF1J
o.. Cali.
wy Feed and Sale Stables
ORPHANS’ HOME”
■R!
.fre.
nielli
S
an w
cd.
tV
[ of
general
interest .
r-Labrador, twice as large as the
pti*<li Isles, is geologically speaking.
F 0-<lest land now above the face of
F tXeau.
H)ut of the 1,066 paintings contrib­
uto the exhibition of the Royal In­
finte of Painters in water colors, in
pnileii. 342 were sold for «55,000.
F'srmont pays its judges »2,500 a
pr.and there is a scheme to raise the
Paries to W.tttto, with $300 for ex-
r,l‘s* The Green Mountain Gov-
Rot gets »1,000.
r~A bronze tablet commemorative of
r ltr»l blood shed.in the Revolution
»•recently placed opposite the spot
'1* historic Boston massacre. March
“ ‘d— Boston Journal.
'“legislative chestnuts” is the lat-
’lang phrase. A legislative chest-
r w * àlea,uro that has bee» dis-
1 *. 1 f<ir. years and, after being
l’l,‘lcii( J time and again, continpes to
[ up s. renely every time the Legisla-
p-meets. — Chicago Times.
I~llie latest industry developed in
«• York is a search of the street-car
Prks and the gutters after midnight
t“‘ a dark laptern for lost articles.
P* man says he makes a fair living
f Picking up things in the street, and
M he has found as much as seven
pars in small co ns of a single mora­
li It had been dropped by people
FjyitiK and crowding upon the horse­
rm Besides money, watches, knives,
rp* trinkets, hand satchels, re-
Uei?- Bundle«, opera glasses, eta..
P’times reward the search of the
FMtt.-*V. K Sun.
A LONG LIST OF GKWS.
“There is tho hyacinth cinnamon stone,
transparent, yellow, red and brown.
There ar« garnet hyacinths and zircon hy­
acinths. Although its Intrinsic qualities
ought to rank tlie zircon hyacinth first,
tho market rates it second. Thon there is
the lagalite (blue spar), translucent and
deep blue. Only tho fine varieties are
valued for jewelers' purposes. Next the
malachite, transluoent green, used for
clocks, vases and parlor ornaments, slabs,
etc. Mexican ony x, translucent greeiush
white, with vein» of all colors, makes
lovely papor weight», inkstand», pipe
bowls, etc. The onyx is constructed in
films or layers of different colors like the
agate, except that in the onyx the films
are laid flat, while in the agate they are
like the peelings of an onion. The onyx
is chiefly valuod for cutting cameos. The
choice colors in true onyx are white, black
and brown. Sardonyx ha» also a film of
carnelian red. The opal 1» transparent
white, pale yellow, gray, green «nd ref
It owes its value to its peculiar posrer of
exhibiting a wonderful play o£jolore “ 1C
is turned to various angle». The most re­
markable is the fire opal. FTecious opal
is the very finest and most delicately
Lhaded and tinted of fire opals. Of the
rubv there is the spinel, transparent U,lit.
medium or dark red. The oriental sap-
phire ruby is of the same description and
very difficult to distinguish from thsjpi
nel. It i« a degree harder. As a gene al
rule the orientals are the most
*ind spinel» of equal
cupped by reputation. Oriental rubies «
tlie^ry fine»» qualities are more valuable
than diamonds *e same yeight
••Let ms see—there is the “PPh‘™t
transparent, azure, celestial, etc , and
blue. Sapphiresof the
and afi other good
J?!."
much less than oriental rubte» ot ths same
Yellow sapphires are called oriental
topaz, green ones oriental emerald and
violet ones oriental amethysts. The
precious topaz is transparent and yellow.
There arc other varieties—greenish, blu­
ish, reililish and some «re perfectly color­
less. When these arc entirely transpar­
ent and otherwise perfect they have a high
value also, for they often pass as rubies,
sapphires und diamonds. Another highly-
valued stone is the tourmaline. It Is
transparent, yellow, red, green, blue. Tlie
clear, rich stones are greatly prized. The
red is called rubellite, and is often sported
as a ruby, as is the yellow for a topaz
Some amber and honey colored yellov
tourmalines are among the most beaut:
fu) gems iu existence.
“The turquoise opaque is blue green
Turquoise mines in Persia have been
worked for thousands of years. We get
ours mostly from New Mexico, The ultra­
marine is translucent, bright blue to
green. It is a much valued gem for
brooches and other jewelry, in which slab
shaped blocks can be utilized. Also for
expensive inlaid work in mosaics. It
ranks higher with the artists as a color
than aquamarine, but as a gem it is not
so valuable.”—Cincinnati Enquirer Inter­
view.
Horace Greeley’« Birthplace.
Last siunmer I went to see the house in
which Horace Greeley was born, ut Am­
herst, N. H. On the walls of the room
where that hero was born—no, I cannot
call him a hero exactly,because be carried
his old faded blue cotton umbrellu always
to the dinner table when bo was asked out
to dine, and wore list slippers. A hero
always possesses adaptability. I must
call Horace Greeley an eminent philan­
thropist and literary man. Tho walls of
the room were hung with the most amaz­
ing works of art. Over the fireplace was
the picture of a little graveyard; an enor­
mous weeping willow tree in one corner—
under its shade four standing figures. A
black dog with a piece of black crapo tied
to his collar—a tall man in full suit of
black—his whiskers, eyes and hair of an
iuky hue—a small woman, apparently his
wife, also in dark, somber garments oi
woo with an enormous coal scuttle bonnet
on her head—a little girl in black panta­
lettes; in her hand was a jet black dolL
To crown all a coal black crow was seen
perched in the branches of the weeping
willow tree.
It was very funny, certainly. I remem­
ber another fancy piece hung between the
windows of the room, representing Abra­
ham Lincoln anil George Washington.
Their faces were very pallid, both being
dead or supposed to bo. George Washing­
ton wore the uniform of a general, Mr.
Lincoln a full dress suit of broadcloth.
They wore depicted b i if embracing in mid­
air, for their feet were resting on clouds,
and vapory matter surrounded both heroes.
I asked the woman the meaning of so
strange a sight. “It is the meeting of
Lincoln and Washington in the spirit
lapd,” replied she. I told her I thought
it the most astonishing picture I had ever
seen. “Ah! most every visitor who comes
here is attracted by it,” answered she.—
Boston Cor. Salem (Mass.) Gazette.
Tlie Umbrella In Poker Playing.
One of the old timers was telling at
Macon the other day of ths tricks of
gamblers of his day. There was one man,
since reformed, and who now stands well,
who came down from Atlanta about once
a month and cleaned up the Macon boys
at poker. This was many years ago, and
when Atlanta was but a village. As might
be expected, the Macon boys used sveiy
effort to prevent him. One rainy night
the Atlanta man came down, and after
supper was seated at a table up stairs in
a building on Mulborry street. But the boy»
had fixed for him. A small hole had been
bored in tlie ceiling Just over the table,
and a wire run through the ceiling and
down tlie »ido and iloor of the room until
it reached the aide of the table opposite the
dreaded poker player. Here tlie wire was
fastened to a piece of wood against which
the sitter kept his foot. In this way it
was intended that the man above the ceil­
ing could see the Atlanta man’s hand, and
communicate pointers by slight jerks of
the wire. That night the Atlanta sport
lost heavily. At first he thought his luok
was boil, but the cards were good, and he
mentally concluded that something beside
bad luck was causing his money to get on
the other side of tho table by the hundreds.
The Macon boys who were in the secret
were in high glee at the victory. Finally
the Atlanta man caught on, and, reaching
down by his side, picked up his um­
brella deliberately, and without a word,
hoisted and raised it above him. Ths um­
brella shut off the view of the man above
the ceiling. aDd in a short while tho Atlanta
sport had won back his money and cleaned
up the Maoon boys, as usual. It was years
before be ever mentioned the matter, aud
you may be sure the Macon boys kept it
quiet.—Macon Telegraph.
How He Knew Her.
Mme de Montgolfier, who died in Paris
In the last part of the reign of King
Louis Philippe, passed her 111th year. It
was her habit to take a walk alone every
morning in the garden of the Luxembourg.
One morning, while sitting on a bench
there, she became conscious of a peculiar
sensation in her head and a loss of ideas.
She rose to go home, but found that she
had forgotten, not only where she lived,
but her name as well. She called to a
gentleman who was passing:
• ‘Will you please conduct me home, sir’”
The passer offered her his arm.
“Where do you live, mndamo?” he asked.
“I cannot remember tho street nor tha
number.” said she: “and, what Is worse, I
cannot remember whc.t my name is. But
perhaps you may understand better why I
should be in this, plight, sir, if I tell you
that I am lilyears old.”
“One hundred and eleven years old!” he
exclaimed. “Thon you must ba Mme.
de Montgolfier, who lives at No. 17 rue
d’Enfer.”
“Exactly, sir; I am she,” the old woman
exclaimed in delight She had found out
who she was.
She was conducted to her home, and died
peacefully within two days.—Youth’s
Companion.
Panama’« Ojflnm Privilege.
A Chinaman has purchased for »16.000
the exclusive privilege ot selling opium
In Panama. The money is dero’ed partly
to hospitals and partly to redticiug the
government debt.—New Yor*c Sun.
HIE NEW SOUTH.
NO. 78.
TALES FROM SAVAGES’ LANDS.
Solus
WHAT JUDGE KELLEY SAYS OF ITS
WONDERFUL DEVELOPMENT.
Remarkable Storiee Thai White
Truvolei-e Have Set Going.
Travelers have told many strange
tales about new countries they have vis­
ited. A great ingnv wonderful yarns have
A Look at Nashville and Chattanooga.
been sprung by sailors and traders, who
Kailroad» and Mineral Region»—Cotton
are often too ignorant to tell the truth
Raising and Its Drawbacks—Au Inci^ about what they see, even if they can
dent at Anniston—Towns.
resist the temptation to tell a good story
Judge Kelley has come back from his at the expense of accuracy. Here is a
southern trip, full of its wonderful devel­ striking instance of tiie differences that
opment. lie says the new south is entirely may occur in the accounts given by an
different from the south of twenty years ignorant and an intelligent man of the
ago. Said he:
same thing:
“Certain parts of the south are going
Capt. Lancaster, many years ago, told
ahead faster to-<lay than in any parts of I of a wonderful plant he found on the
the north. The country about Birming­
ham and Anniston is on the boom, and l sea sands of an island in the East Indies.
their appearance is that of the fast grow­ He said he found tlie shore covered
ing western frontier town rather than the with small twigs growing up like young
old villages of the south. Nashville is a trees. When he tried to pull them up
magnificent city. Chattanooga has, I he was astonished to find that they
think, the largest tannery in the world, shrank down to the ground, and even
and is doing a great deal of manufactur­ sank out of sight unless he held on very
ing. It ships its lumber in every direction,
anil it has all the enterprise of a northern hard. In the course of time Darwin ex­
city. About Chattanooga the fanners are amined the wonderful products of na­
making a great deal in the raising of fruit, ture which Capt. Lancaster had discov­
and it is a curious thing that on one side ered. He found that the supposed plant
of Mission ridge there are vast strawberry did not belong to the vegetable king­
beds which run up the side of the moun­ dom, but was a species of the animals
tain, and over the hill are great fields of known as zoophytees or seapens, “At
grapes. These strawberries are shipped low* water,” he wrote, “hundreds of zoo­
all over the country by the car load and phytees might be seen ejecting like stub­
by train loads. They are eaten in Cincin
nati, Cleveland and Chicago, and, coming ble. When touched or pulled they sud­
as they do early in the season, they bring denly drew themselves in with force, so
high prices. I cite this as an example as as to nearly or quite disappear.
to how the south is investigating its re­
Besides the travelers who willfully or
sources. Ths land will raise something ignorantly distort facts there are nut a
else than corn aud cotton, and the people few who could journey around the world
are beginning to find it out.”
without being able to tell much worth
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY.
hearing of their travels. A while ago a
“How about railroad building?”
man who had traveled a good deal in the
“Several thousand miles of railroad western Pacific was asked to describe the
were built in the south during the past Solomon islands. All he could say was
year, and everywhere the railroad goes
tile country develops. In the newly de­ that the water there was very blue; that
veloped part of the south the condition of the bathing was excellent, and that he
the lower class is rapidly Improving. The saw many lovely sites for villa resi­
laborers of Chattanooga, Birmingham, An­ dences. It was learned that he had long
niston and the fast developing mineral been a real estate agent in Melbourne.
regions of ths south live in good houses,
Mr. Romilly says that a few years ago
an«i they make fair wages. I estimate a traveler who was addressing an audi­
that one bachelor laborer is of more good ence in England, including many scienti­
to the storekeepers of the southern com­
munity than four familiea who are en­ fic men, solemnly assured them that the
gaged in the work of raising cotton. I natives of New Britain mended broken
assert this without fear of contradiction, legs by inserting a piece of tortoise shell
and am able to maintain it. The south into the bone. The shell was neatly fit­
has been divided up into small farms and ted into a groove that was cut in the
these farms are almost universally de­ bone, and the ends of the broken bone
voted to cotton raising. Each farmer's in this manner were kept together. His
product amounts to about one or two
bales a year, seldom more than two and hearers never thought of questioning his
often not more than one. He sells these veracity when he surprised them further
bales for about »40 apiece, and these »40 by asserting that the science of dentistry
constitute his annual income and support. was far advanced in New Britain. He
Long lines of these poor farmers come to said the natives made beautiful
market with their yearly load of cotton. teeth of mother of pearl, which they
Sometimes they have two stcars attached attached to the jaw by fine threads of
to a cart, sometimes a mule and a steer,
and at other times a hprse. The head of sinuet. Later visitors to New Britain
have failed to find any evidence of these
the family drives the cart, back of him
the bale of cotton, and behind in the accomplishments.
One of the funniest stories that ever
wagon or cart sit tha women of the
gained wide circulation was that about
family.
“I saw hundreds of such scenes and I the bone eating trees of the Louisade arch­
found that the women of the family al­ ipelago. The story ran that during the
ways come along. This was in order night the branches of these trees bent to
that they might lay in their yearly sup tlie ground, and that the leaves, like
plies of clothes and provisions. Thia »40
represented the entire money outlay for those of the fly-catching plants, closed
the year, and tlieir entire purchasing about all bits of bone or flesh that they
power for household conveniences. Heucs happened to touch. Before morning all
they came along to advise their husbands traces of the bones and meat hud disap­
and fathers as to ths use of the money.
peared, the trees having completely as­
A B1TTBR COLD EIGHT.
similated them. The natives worshiped
“One night that I spent at Anniston was them as deities, and placed offerings of
bitter cold. A largo number of these small bones and flesh near them to appease
planters and their families hod come in to I heir appetites. This story was doubt­
sell their cotton, but they had arrived too less derived from the fact that many of
late for tire dealers to buy. They were too the Pacific islanders place thousands of
poor to go to a hotel, and they had to sleep bones in the crotches of trees, and in the
in their wagons or huddle around a firs
which they kindled out doors to keep them­ l progress of growth many of these IMi­
selves warm. Some of these farmers travel oonie imbedded in the wood, like tilo
twenty, thirty and forty miles to market horseshoe which has long been on ex-
The roads are not good, as there is little liihition in a Nassua street window.
I
Intercomrannlcation among them. The
The imaginative element is largely
cotton trip is the big trip of the year, and, developed in most savages, and they are
I doubt not, is talked of for weeks before
it is undertaken. The largs landowners, i always happy to entertain their white
who, in some eases, rent out small farms isitors with wonderful stories, some of
to these planters, graduate their charges which are afterw’ard repeated in civil­
and the expenses of raising by the extent ized lands as solemn facte. There are
of the crop, and, as a rule, it makes not many sailors who believe to this day
much difference whether the crop amounts that there is a tribe in central New Gui­
to five bales or three. The poor farmer nea which is adorned with tails. Some
gets enough to live upon, and this is about of the natives of the southeast coast are
one bale. Now, a laborer at »1 aday will willing to swear by all their gods that
make »300 a year if he works steadily, or,
even in a slipshod way, he is sure to make they have seen men from the interior
»120. Tills, as a rule, he spends, and this of whose anatomy tails are a natural
amount is three times that of the average and highly ornamental feature. The
small farmer.”
*ailorn think they ought to know. Jack
“How about the new towns In the Tar has also circulated that other inter­
south?”
esting yarn frow New Guinea to the ef-
“They are growing up along the differ­ ' feet that some of the natives bore holes
ent lines of road, and they are showing all through their left hands to firo arrows
the signs of modern civilization. Many of
the new store buildings which are erected through them.—Atlanta Constitution.
are of brick, and 1 found good churches and
schools in many of them. In Anniston I
Salt Formations In Nevada.
noticed the children going to school. They
Tlie abundance of the salt formations in
seemed as well dressed as our northern
little ones, and I visited a number of both Nevada in illustrated by the fact that in
white and colored schools and found them Lincoln county there is a de|M»it of pure
very well conducted.”—Frank G. Carpen­ rock salt which in exposed for a length of
ter in Cleveland Leader.
two miles, a width of half a mile, and in
nt unknown depth; in places canons
"Rnrw Bread” In Sweden.
Horse bread is st • commonly made in are cut through it to a depth of sixty
Sweden. It is «till commonly made and feet, and not only has the deposit been
used In Tyrol, and In certain parts of traced on the surface for a distance of
I Switzerland—the Engudine, for instance. nine miles, but it is so solid in places as
Your driver stops at a roadside inn, and, to require bleating like rock, ami no pure
before he buys anything for himself, lie and transparent that print can lie read
buys for his li rse a lnrge cake of brown through blocks of it some inches thick.
at bread, circular, flatfish, the size ano
In Churchill county there is said to be
hape of a Yorkshire yule cake. The
-trong, quiet, steady liorM—or mare very a deposit of rock salt some fourteen
likely—knows well what all thin means; feet in depth, free from any particle of
looks on with eager eyes as he slices the foreign substance, and which can be
ake into strips: mnnehen slice after slice quarried at the rate of five tons a day
with keen enjoyment; and finally, per- to tlie man. Wiiat is known as the
, hape, lays Ito lips upon his palm to sug- great Humboldt salt field is estimated
rest the possibility of another loaf. Some
I driver», indeed, themselves desirous of a to he some fifteen miles long by s x
meal, are ermtent to crumble the bread wide. According to the description,
| into a trough; and in that case the horse when the summer heats have evapo­
i will not only eat all tlie large piece«, but rated the surface water, salt to the
I will with teeth and tongue take np every depth of several inches may be scraped
■ morsel and crumb that strews the floor tip, and underneath there is a stratum
<‘f tha trough. Such are hi» views as to of rock salt of the purest description,
'he merits of oaten bread.—Note« and and of a depth unknown.—Nsw York
; Qu«ri«a.
bun.
I
THE HINDOO'S “GHEE.”
AN
ARTICLE OF IMPORTANCE
MANY PARTS OF INDIA.
IN
It« V»© for Ordinary Cooking rurpoaos.
Said to Be the Purest Eatable Thing
ou Earth—It» Offering to the Gode.
Expiatory Bite«.
What is ghee? How 18 ft used by'the
natives of in Ha? And why is its adultera­
tion by cows’ or pigs’ fat so obnoxious to
them? Clear answers to these question»
will bring home to Englishmen tho cause
ef the present sgitation about ghee iu
India. Ghee is prepared by boiling fresh
drawn milk iu earthen pots for an hour
or more, and then adding, after it lias
eooled, a little curdlod milk. Tho cur­
dled mass is then churned for half an
hour, some hot water Is added, and tho
churning continued for half an hour
longer, when tho butter forms. This
butter is then boiled until all tho watery
particles and curds havo been thrown off
by repeated skimmings. The cloar oil is
poured into a vessel to cool, and the
granulated mass thus formed is ghee. It
is kept iu earthen pots, and sold in bau-
yas shops at the rate of two pounds to
three pounds for a rupee. It well made,
ghee will keep good for years—losing Its
flavor somewhat, but not its properties,
which improve with age. In some old
families you will find ghee over a hun­
dred years old buried under the earth iu
earthen jars. Instances are known of
the preservation of gliee, without taint,
for 200 years, and even longer. Ghee
is an article of great commercial
Importance in many parts of India,
being exported to all the seacoast of east­
ern and southern Asin to the extent of
400 to 500 tons annually. Accordiug to
the statistical authorities, 1,330.433
pounds of ghee were exported from India
in the year 18'9-’80.
ron cooking prp.posis.
All but* tlie poorest classes in India,
whether Hindoos or Mohammedans, use
ghee for ordinary cookiug purposes.
Where t he English cook uses butter, suet
or lard, the Indian uses gliee. In frying
potatoes, in cooking dal, in making
sweetmeat^ in preparing tasteful dishes
tlie upper and middle classes always use
ghee, which is also rubbed over chupat-
fles, the flat flour cakes serving for bread,
and poured over rice at tho time of eat­
ing. One of the seerr.s of the fine flavor
of Indian made cKries is the use of
good gliee. And neither Hindoos nor
Mohammedans will touch any food that
is cooked witli ghee which they believe
to be adulterated by pigs’ or cows' fat.
Besides its ordinary uses, ghee Is taken
for medicinal purposes. Taken with hot
milk it acts as a strong aperient; and
from its soothing and cooling properties
it is rubbed over the body by fasting
people. Old ghee occupies a prominent
plnco in the phnrmacopceia of the Hin­
doos, who consider it tlie best remedy for
asthma and bronchitis, and order it to be
rubbed on the chest in cases of whooping
cough.
Applied in a similar way, it
greatly alleviates pain ill rheumatism,
gout, etc. The older tlie ghee is the bet­
ter it Is prized, and the more quickly it
acts. And for all these purposes ghee
must I* absolutely free from all extrane­
ous matter.
Ghee is believed by the Hindoos to be
tho purest eatable under the sun. The
widow, who is forbidden to partake of
luxurious food, is allowed to take ghee
with her simple bread or rice, The self,
denying jogeea, sunnyasis, and other
ascetics sometimes live on nothing but
gliee. At weddings, funerals, and on
other grand occasions, public dinners
must be given, or tho offending party
will be punished by excommunication
from caste Most of the dishes that are
served at these banquets are prepared
with ghee. At many festivals aims con­
sisting of rice. «1.-.1 and sweetmeats are
given to Brahmins, and these sweetmeat«
must be cooked in gliee. The food set
before the Brnhndns nt feast times mainly
consists of sweetmeats, in the preparation
of which gliee enters largely. At crema­
tions gliee is poured over the corpse aud
on the funeral pyre.
» aired übe or suer .
But the most sacred use of ghee I» Its
offering to the gods, who are supposed by
the Hindoos to have a great predilection
for this article. Besides the deities in the
temples and shrines, to whom ghee nm<t
be offered, every strict Hindoo baa got
his tutelary god ut home, whom he wor­
ships every day. Sandal wood and tool-
shee leaf are placed I m *fore the Image, and
Incense Is burned before it in a little cup,
the contents of which are then thrown
over the Idol. This Incense is a coni
pound of sandal, dlioop (another fragrant
wood), ghee, camphor, and one or tw«
other things. Anil then the god must hs
fed with sweetmeats cooked in gliee. For
the worship of nil kinds of gods the Hin­
doo must tine ghee, which Is also the chief
thing in jogs and noma, or burned offer­
ings. To be reinstated in caste, which a
Hindoo may have lost by briaking one or
other of Its innumerable rules, he must
go through some solemn expintory rites,
with a free ilistribiition of money to Brah­
mins and otbere of course. One of them
is that he mutt solemnly ent in public
five articles emnected with the cow—
ghee, curd, milk, and two others which ’
shall not mention.
From all this it will be evident to what
degree ghoe is useful and sacred to the
Hindoos, and why It must be pure In all
cases. To adulterate it by an admixture
of the fnt of animuls which are abomlna
tlons in the «yen of the Hindooeianot
only to debase Ito quality and render it
unfit for culinary and medicinal purposes
:or fear of losing caste, which I» so pre­
cious to them, but also to make it loath­
some to the Brahmins, who must lie pro­
pitiated, and to the gods, who must bo
worshiped, with ghee.—Hindoo letter.
Were flhe a woman nt Weaint
In talking to his wife the other day
about the death of Mrs. A. T. Stewart,
s gentleman of this city said: “What
would you do if Mrs. Stewart had left
you »1,000,000 in her willF The lady
inused for a moment and then replied:
"WelL I wouldn't make any more home­
made bonnets.*'—Boston Budget.