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I C li K
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Review of the History "Making Events o f the Wor]
By
E D W A R D
W.
P IC K A R D
® Western Newspaper Union.
Danzig Crisis Worries
Nations of Europe
Europe shifted
W AR-WORRIED
its anxiety from the Italo-
Ethiopian sanctions problem to the
newer and baffling question of what
to do about the
Free City of Dan
zig now seeking to
free itself from the
bonds of the League
of Nations.
The league dis
posed of +he sanc
tions problem by
voting to abolish
them, thus to all
practical in te n ts
and purposes re-
Adolf Hitler m o v in g Ethiopia
from the family of sovereign states.
Appearing personally before the
league assembly, the refugee em
peror, Haile Selassie, made a last
moving bid for Ethiopia’ s freedom.
The “ king of kings” denounced
France and Great Britain without
mentioning their names. To the
generally expressed desire to re
form the league, he said the weak
ness was not the league covenant
itself, but a lack of international
morality. The Negus’ request for
a loan of $50,000,000 to Ethiopia was
voted down. Previously Haile had
informed Capt. Anthony Eden, Brit
ish foreign secretary, that he would
return to Ethiopia immediately to
join his loyal tribesmen and fight
for Ethiopian independence.
With Mussolini given satisfaction,
the Danzig situation brought into
the foreground the figure of Adolf
Hitler, chancellor of Nazi Germany.
It was a Nazi follower of Hitler, Dr.
Arthur Greiser, president of the
Danzig senate, who demanded inde
pendence for the form er German
city now surrounded by Polish ter
ritory and who denounced the
league and Sean Lester, league
high commissioner for the port.
Observers were of the opinion
that Greiser was acting under or
ders from Chancellor Hitler. In
view of Germany’s expansionist
program and its rearmament, they
feel that Danzig will be the next
Nazi objective now that the Rhine
land is remilitarized. By the elim
ination of Commissioner Lester or
by the curtailment of his authority
over the international affairs of the
city, it is believed the Nazi would
be in a position to crush the opposi
tion party and pave the way for an
nexation of Danzig by Germany. In
the event of a Nazi putsch on Dan
zig, it is believed that Britain and
France would co-operate in oppos
ing it. Because of a rumored deal
between Poland and Hitler, the po
sition of Poland in the matter was
in some doubt.
Roosevelt and Landon
Return to Their Desks
Presidential candidates of
T HE
both the Democratic and the
Republican parties returned to their
desks in their respective capitals
following absences.
President Roosevelt came back to
Washington after a three-day pil
grimage to Virginia. Included on
his program was the dedication of
the Shenandoah National park, his
Fourth of July address from the
portico of Thomas Jefferson’ s home
at Monticello and his visit to Wil
liamsburg, capital of the Old Do
minion from 1699 to 1779. In his ad
dress at Jefferson’ s home, the Pres
ident called on the nation to rekin
dle the “ sacred fire” of “ true free
dom ” which had lighted the “ golden
age” of American history. He de
clared the present emergencies re
quire the same leadership as that
displayed by the founder of the
Democratic party.
Gov. Ali. M. Landon returned to
Topeka, Kan., after a vacation in
the Colorado mountains, for the re
convening of the state legislature
and for the acceptance speech at
the Republican notification ceremo
nies July 23, National significance
was attached to the meeting of the
Kansas legislature because of the
fact that it would have to deal with
old-age pensions, unemployment in
surance and general social welfare
legislation and that an amendment
to the state constitution was in pros
pect. Discussions of the farm prob-
lem and conferences with Governor
Landon’s political advisers were on
the program. The Republican stand
ard bearer was not expected to re
turn to Colorado until after the no
tification ceremonies.
In the meantime, great activity
was apparent in opposing campaign
headquarters.
President Roosevelt summoned
Democratic
National Chairman
James A. Farley to Washington for
a conference on the political cam
paign. It was expected that the
question of Mr. Farley's retirement
from the cabinet about which there
has been considerable rumor lately,
would be decided. The Democrats
have established national headquar
ters at the Biltmore hotel in New
York and it is from here Chairman
Farley will direct the campaign.
John Hamilton, national chairman
of the Republican party, opened
national headquarters in Chicago,
He addressed 2,800 banqueters at
a dinner in his honor and declared
that the reaction of voters in recent
days has been disheartening to the
Roosevelt administration. Since the
Cleveland convention, he said, the
Democrats had offered the Repub
licans the “ sincere flattery of imi
tation.”
ers Union, which forms the basis
of organized labor’s drive.
John L. Lewis, president of the
United Mine Workers and head of
the committee for industrial organ
ization, in a radio address broad
cast from Chicago entitled “ Indus
trial Democracy in Steel.” sought
the support not only of union labor,
but of the public generally in his
crusade.
j At Homestead, Pa., scene of the
bloody conflict between strikers and
guards in the famous strike of 1892,
speakers officially opened the union
ization drive. Foremost among
them was Thomas Kennedy, lieu
tenant governor of Pennsylvania
and secretary-treasurer of the
United Mine Workers. Kennedy
promised state relief to any work
ers who might lose their Jobs.
Texas Floods Cause
Heavy Property Damage
which followed a series
F LOODS
of cloudbursts in south Texas
caused property damage estimated
at millions of dollars and cost the
lives of 22 people.
Rains which fell at the rate of
nine to ten inches a minute swelled
the creeks and rivers of the af
flicted areas . into
floods.
It .
. . . wild
. .
,
was reported that thousands of
a " « of farm Iand in Gonzales and
adjoining counties were inundated,
As the flood waters receded
*bey revealed a gra\e picture o
destruction.
The
flood
ripped
through the settlement of Kyle, be
tween Austin and San Antonio,
washing out bridges and wrecking
a train. It was here that the loss
of life was greatest.
July 4th Celebrations
Cost 346 Lives in U. S.
Pope Pius Orders World
Censorship of Movies
WORLD censorship on movies
was ordered by Pope Pius, in
an encyclical letter addressed di
rectly to the bishops and archbish
ops of the Roman
Catholic church in
the United States.
The pope also or
d ered
bishops
th rou gh ou t th e
world
to
obtain
f r o m their com
municants annual
ly
renewable
pledges “ to abstain
from
witnessing
bad films.” The en
Pope Pius
cyclical of his holi
ness was addressed to the American
bishops because they originally
took the lead in movie censorship.
He invited bishops of the entire
world to follow their example.
To carry out the plan of censor
ship, the pontiff directed that a per
manent national movie reviewing
office be established in each coun-
try. He urged the exchange of in-
formation between the various of-
fices for making the censorship ef
fective. He urged bishops to appeal
to Catholics connected with motion
picture productions to use their in
fluence in accordance with their
faith and ideals.
A
Labor Leaders Begin Drive
for Steel’s Unionization
T I T I T H labor organizers spread-
▼V ing throughout the nation’ s
steel mills in a drive to enroll 500,-
000 workers into one big union, the
National Labor Relations Board re
opened a fight in the courts to force
steel companies to accept the Na
tional Labor Relations act as a
means of keeping peace.
The board announced it had peti
tioned the Federal Circuit Court of
Appeals at New Orleans in a new
effort to enforce the act.
Meanwhile the full resources of
the $5,000,000,000 steel industry were
marshaled against the unionization
drive. Observers pointed out that
the situation was fraught with grave
possibilities of industrial warfare.
Principal steel companies who have
banded together in a militant ef
fort to maintain the open shop
warned employees not to be “ m is
led” into affiliation with the Amal
gamated Iron. Steel and Tin Work
A
TOLL of 346 lives was exacted
in the celebration of the
Fourth of July throughout the Unit
ed States.
Booming cannon crackers played
a comparatively innocent part in
the slaughter, for only 11 lives were
lost in accidents due to flre-
; crackers.
But if tne nation heeded warnings
about the danger of fireworks, it
forgot the menace of motoring ac
cidents, for 208 people in 36 states
were killed as the result of acci
dents on streets and highways.
Ninety persons were drowned in 36
states. Miscellaneous tragedies ac
counted for 37 additional fatalities
in 15 states.
Not since 1931 has the celebration
of America’s patriotic holiday
claimed so many victims. In that
year the death total from accidents
reached 483.
i
i
Gen. McCarl Criticises
r» i
• •
ew ^ ear on
D E T IR IN G from the post of
Comptroller General, J. R. Mc-
Carl announced that following the
expiration of his term of office he
would aid in the government reor
ganization study undertaken by the
senate committee headed by Sen
ator Byrd of Virginia.
General McCarl criticized New
Deal
emergency
agencies
as
“ loosely and extravagantly set up”
and as “ tax consuming in the ex
treme.” He declared that a syste
matic reorganization of both reg
ular and emergency agencies would
improve government administra
tion and reduce the cost to tax
payers.
Recovery of Business
Holds in First Half
/CONTINUING hn«inOCe -
| L
recovery
, MA Ur,ing the first six months of
1936 fulfilled the hopes of optimis
tic prognosticators and surpassed
the expectations of conservative
forecasters.
All the leading trade barometers
regis.ered fair business weather at
the close of the first half of the
year. The production of automo-
biles reached 2,400,000 units in the
first six months of 1936. the best for
the period since 1929.
„ItLZ
Improvement was iurtfier reflect- i
ed by the steel industry, the opera pensing the railroads for
tions of which rose from 49.2 per cal work involved
* ^
cent of capacity at the start of the
year to 71.2 per cent at the end
of June. The output of electricity Joined the railroad*!!!?
climbed steadily to reach an all board from taking aJ * f
time peak in June.
com pel the railroads .J V * *
The steady recovery of the rail formation. The d e c i s i ^ ^
roads was indicated by carloadings the tax law adopts
which worked up to approach their pensions was uncons ¡ u ST*
best levels since 1931. The figures ruled that the tax me ^
for the first six months of 1936 tirement measure setting l* *
were substantially better
than of Paying the pensions ^
those for the similar period of 1935. separable.”
tr*
A strong upsurge of home build
ing gave impetus to the construc
B r e c k in r i d g e !^ R - ,
tion industry although it still re
mained at subnormal levels.
as Ambassador to Italv
Another barometer of improved O R eckinridgf . long
conditions was the stock market w can ambassador to Itah
which extended the gains it made m^ted his resignation to P-
in 1935 and reached the highest Roosevelt because of ilw."
ground it has held since 1931.
diplomat declared that he h
recuperate his health dura»
summer and to take an activ*
Drouth Crisis Brings
in tne Presidential campainj.
autumn.
Government Aid
EARS that drouth may Irre
Mr. Long's place will be
trievably destroy farm crops in by Undersecretary of State
North and South Dakota, eastern ' Phillips. He will represent
Montana and Wyoming prompted United States government is
in an effort to solve Italo-
President R o o s e
can problems arising from M
velt to marshal
Uni’s conquest of Ethiopia.
$500,000.000 in re
Mr. Phillips has had a
lief funds to com
guished career in the dipL
bat the damage
service. He has held posts is
and to develop fur
rope, the Far East and fc
ther plans for fight
and
has three times been sr
ing drouth.
Secretary of Ag
retary in the State department
riculture Henry W.
The most pressing problem
ing Mr. Phillips in his new
Wallace, who left
Washington for a
is the regularizing of America'i
lations with Ethiopia, now cb
personal survey of
Secretary
the stricken areas,
by Italy as a territory, but
Wallace
recognized by this country at
declared that from
all reports conditions had becom e pendent. The importance of
as serious as they were in 1934. due question, observers declare, i
to lack of sorely needed rains.
dicated by the selection of
The secretary declared that un Phillips for the Italian post
less rains descended in the sun- on rare occasions in the part
scorched regions the government active sub-cabinet officers
will buy 30.000,000 head of cattle given diplomatic posts.
in the next month.
In St Paul, Minn., the governors Gov. Lehman Decides
of the five drouth-stricken north
to Seek Re-Election
western states met with Federal
ie l d in g
to the urging
Works Progress Administrator Har
party
leaders,
Gov. Ha
ry L. Hopkins and administrators
from the various states. Mr. Hop H. Lehman of New York
kins ordered relief jobs made im nounced that he would run again
mediately available for from 25,000 the office of governor. The
to 50,000 farmers who have seen nor had announced several
their sole source of livelihood de ago that he would not be a
stroyed. Their Jobs were to be made date again, giving as his
available on water conservation the press of personal business
projects,
farm-to-market
roads, a desire to retire to private lilt
Dem ocratic leaders declared
rural schools and recreational proj
governor’ s decision will help
ects.
national
ticket to carry New Y
President Roosevelt, In Washing
in
the
election
next November.
ton, appointed a special committee
In
a
statement
issued to ne
composed of Secretary Wallace,
per
men.
Governor
Lehman said
Budget Director Daniel Bell. Aub
could
“
no
longer
resist”
the
rey Williams,
assistant
works
peals
of
national
and
state
-
progress administrator, end Dr.
cratic
leaders.
The
statement
Rexford G. Tugwell, resettlement
“ Regardless of personal -
administrator. They will work in
co-operation with a committee of erations, however compeflfel'
Department of Agriculture officials. feel that I can no longer resist
The President instructed Budget picas of my party both in the
Director Bell to study government and in the nation or of those
appropriations to determine what whom I have worked in closer
sociation for many years s*
funds are available.
whom I have waged the
equal opportunity and
Justice Bailey Decides
curity.
,
Rail Pensions Are Legal
“ Therefore if my party ■
R E S P IT E his previous decision state chooses to nominate me
declaring unconstitutional the and if the people of the sta
tax on railroads to permit pensions, call on me for service I * a
Justice Jennings Bailey of the Dis ly accept the call an
trict of Columbia Supreme court vote m yself wholehearted*
ruled in an oral opinion that the interest of the people o f “*
railroad retirement board could
pay pensions to railroad workers.
Survey Show* Pa8t0J*.
The justice declared that his pre
Oppose Jobs f°r
vious decision on the validity of
Minneapolis.— WorkirJ
the rail pension laws could not be
construed to mean that the retire a menace to society,
_
ment act itself was unconstitution m arriages arc an *
.
al. He ruled that the government danger, a survey conduct^ .
could proceed to collect from rail 166 pastors in 160 Arne
workers a sum amounting to 3 1-2 discloses.
. t two
per cent of their salaries and could
The survey showed
use the money to pay retirement of every three minis e
pensions to the workers when they advised against
reach sixty-five years of age or ments even though
eStab
have worked 40 years.
work for a time to help es«
He also ruled that the railroad the home.
_ „
retirement board could proceed to
collect information on which to al
lot the pensions, provided It did so
F
Y
^
at its own expens« and by recom