HOOD RIVER GLACIER, THURSDAY. mAY 15. 19m
Hood River Banking
and Trust Co.
We transact a eneral backing business and
own oar own banking property
Interest paid on time and Having depualta
Bate dDult boxtM.
L. A. & A. P. REED
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS
AT law
Two Doors North of.PoBtoftiee
Phone 3131
DERBY & STEARNS
Lawyers
HOOD RIVER, OREGON.
ERNEST C. SMITH
Lawyer
Rooms 1 and 2 Hall Building
Hood River, Ore.
GEO. R. WILBUR
Lawyer
Rooms 14 and 15 Hall Building
Hood River - - Oregon
L. A. HENDERSON,
SURVEYOR and CIVIL ENGINEER
Formerly U. S. Land Surveyor,
Philippine Inlands.
Two Doors North of Postoflloe
Phone 1331.
E. D. KAN AG A
Physician and Surgeon
Phones: Office 4211 Office in National
Res. 1811 Bank Building
Dr. Malcolm Bronson
Office in Eliot Block
Office Phone 4151 Resident; phone .8801
J. F. WATT, M. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Telephones: Office, MWI; residence, 8671.
HUHUKON O. K. A N. Co.
H. L. DUMBLE,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Calls promptly answer 3d In town or country,
liay or Night.
Telephones: Residence, 103 1: Office, 1211.
Offlce In the Brosius Building.
LIB. M. H. Hharp DR. Edna B. Sharp
Osteopathic Physicians
Graduates el the American School of
Osteopathy, Kirksville, Mo.
Office in Elliot Block.
Home Phone 102 lies. 102-B
E. 0. DUTRO, M.;D.
Office Smith Bldg., Hood Uiver
Phone 71
Hours 1 to 4 P. M. and hy appointmen
Resicence, Lewis House, Odell
Phone Odell 1U3
Calls promptly answered in town or
country day or night.
DR. EDGINGT0N
1121 Twelfth Street, The Heights
HOOD RIVER OREGON
J. II. McVAY, M. D.
Diagnosis, Consultation and
Surgical Diseases.
Residence at foot of Booth Hill, Central Vale
PHONE Odell-147
Dr. Justin M. Waugh
EYE, EAR AND THROAT
GENERAL SURGERY'
Office in Eliot Bldg.
9 A. M. to 3 P. M.
MURRAY KAY
Civil Engineer and Surveyor
Brosius Building
R. R. Bartlett
ARCHITECT
HOOD RIVER, OREGON
Hellbronner Building Phone 1391
SURVEYING
and BLUE PRINTING
P. M. Morse
Heilbronner Bldg.
Hood River office for Newell,
Gossett & Walsh, Consulting
Engineers of Portland.
C. M.HURLBURT
SURVEYOR
TELEPHONE 5648
A. C. BUCK
NOTARY PUBLIC AND INSUR
ANCE AGENT
Room 12 Brosima Block
Wire Wound Continuous Stave
Wood Stave Pipe
KELLY BROS., Agts.
PHONE 4443
Fourth Street Between Oak and State
Frederick & Arnold
Contractors and Builders
Estimates furnished on ull kinds of work
PVinnoc Frederick, l.W
r nones. Amii; siuj
C. A. Richards & Co.
Confectionery and
Amusement Parlors
HAZELWOOU DAINTIES
Full Lirveof London Made Pipes
Kauff man Bro3. & Bondy Pipes
and Dumutr Pipes. Best Made.
Phone 1191
Stranahan & Slaven
Contractors & Builders
HOOD RIVER, OREGON.
sac
I WOOD FOR SALE I
We wish to inform the citizens
of Hood River and Valley, that we
have recently purchased 2lXl cords
of choice lti-in. Yellow Pine Wood.
Also 1,000 cords of 4-ft. Fir, and
think we are in a position to give
the lien value, for the prices paid,
that can lie had.
Don't forget to order early; we
deliver your wood and saw it right
on the ground readv for storage.
C.nn. W Hnwarri OTA tnn
Phone 5H3 ltih and Cascade
1-1 I H M-t-I -I-l -M l -I -I -I -M H-H 4 I F
to exchange!
Hearing Orchard Divide to suit.
Take house unci lot, 2-fetited auto,
gixMl stock or Some huainesi?.
Uncleared Land For anything of
value.
HO Acres, under ditch, in Esst
ern Oregon Will exchange all or
develop with partner.
t Phone - - - 5837 1
4
t..H..;,.l..,.M.M,...M,.;,.t.,t,.t.,..n.,..i..l,
INOTICE
Anyone in need of
Dirt and Gravel
Apply to
F. M. SLAVENS, H. W. WAIT
and W. E. SHAY
KELLY BROS.
HAY AND OATS
Rolled Barley, Bran, Shorts and
Straw
PHONE
Fourth Street Between Oak and State
Nursery Stock
Hood River Grown
First Class
THE KIND THAT CROWS
A Few Dwarf Apple,
Pear and Peach
C. D. Thompson
HOOD RIVER, OREGON
WOOD and COAL
Slabs-Fir-Oak
Agency for Genuine
Rock Springs COAL
A. C. Lofts
PHONE 3464
Let Us Do Your
WASHING
The Troy Laundry
OF PORTLAND
We Launder Anything from
Socks to Lace Curtains.
ALL WORK
GUARANTEED
C. A. RICHARDS & CO.
Local Ag'ents
OAK STREET HOOD RIVER
Real Estate
LOANS, RENTING, COLLECT
ING AND INSURANCE
A Specialty of City Property, Residence
Lots, and Small Tracts Close In. For
Bargains call on or address
T. D. TWEEDY
Hood River
Home Phone 2372
We "Meat" Everybody
in our store and the "meating" is to
their entire satisfaction. Tender is the
"meatinp," too, and pleading to all
tastes. Ve have the bent beef, pork,
mutton, lamb, veal and poultry, and
our chops, steaks and cutlets will please
the most exacting epicure. Mi hi cured
hams and bacon, fresh couutry sausages.
While the quality of everything here is
high, our prices rule low.
Central Meat Market
ISP Jfl
rriEAT cv
iCBRODKLVN .-v
BL.TUDYON -O
THE SOWING AND THE REAPING.
Genesis 42 May 18.
"What toner a mam soicrts. that thall he al
reup." Ouludum .T.
CUE story of Joseph and his
brethren contluues. Today's
le.ssou Illustrates bow the re
membrance of their cruelty
toward their brother Joseph harassed
the evil-doers loug years after. Our
Golden Text seems to lay down a prin
ciple. Whatsoever anybody sows In
telligently will bring a harvest of sim
ilar kind.
The famine-stricken region Included
I'alestine. Word spread that there
was no lack of food In Egypt, and that
corn of the old stock was sold there at
moderate prices. Jacob, directed bis
sons, men of families, to go down to
Egypt and purchase wheat.
As strangers, tliey were directed to
Joseph. Through an Interpreter, he
inquired whether they were spies, com
ing to. see how much corn there was
In Egypt, that they lulirbt brlmr an
urmy to steal It.
They explained
truthfully. Joseph
then inquired
about Jacob and
lienjamln. Final
ly he put Simeon
into prison, anil
sent the others
home with corn,
telling them thnt
they would need
more and might
have It, provided
that they brought
"Art 1 Bpittt"
their youngest brother with them.
The guilty consciences of the breth
ren connected these experiences with
their own wrong course In the past.
They said to one another, "We are
verily guilty concerning our brother,
when we saw the anguish of his soul,
when, he besought us and we would
not hear: therefore is this distress
come upon us." They knew not that
Joseph understood them, but he with
drew and wept. Ills heart was not
hard. He was merely giving them a
profitable lesson.
Many Stripe and Few Stripes.
When Jacob's sons arrived with the
wheat, they told their experience to
their father. Moreover, they were per
plexed to find that the money paid for
the wheat was returned in each sack.
Their minds continually reverted to
the crime of years ago. Many times
had they reaped crops of sorrow and
surmlslngs respecting what God might
not exact from them in the nature of
trouble, similar to what they had
brought upon Joseph.
How ndventageous It would be If this
principle were generally recognized
that every trespass must receive a just
recompense of reward! We have lost
such an appreciation of Justice and
such a looking for retribution because
of a very false doctrine which pre
vails. That false doctrine ascribes
only one punishment for every sin, and
that an unthinkable one eternal tor
ment. Few really believe that doc
trine or arc really Influenced by It
Its monstrosity makes it unbelievable,
and turns the mind aside from the
proper view of the punishments which
God has foretold.
Humanity cannot improve upon the
Divine arrangement Hence all Chris
tians should begin afresh to tell the
world of both the Justice and the Love
of God thnt God's penalty against sin
Is death, but that He has provided
through Christ for release from that
penalty, during Christ's Millennial
reign. Then all mankind will be grant
ed full opportunity of reconciliation
with God and of restoration to God's
image and likeness, lost by Adam's sin.
Jacob's Gray Hair For Sheol.
When Jacob heard that Benjamin
must, go on the next expedition for
wheat, he protested vigorously. Jo
seph was gone, and if now he should
lose Benjamin, the grief would bring
down his gray hairs to Sheol the tomb
the death state.
In the Common Version. Bible Sheol
Is repeatedly translated Hell, Pit and
Grave. In olden times these three
words were synonymous. When the
Revised Version was In preparation
the learned men charged with that
work refused to translate Sheol by the
word Hell, which has lost its original
meaning and has come to mean a place
of torture. No
such meaning at
taches to the Ile-
J Pi SJN brcw word Sheol.
" "rrVTN So tueBe scholars
f-Trt decided to leave
Sheol and its
Greek equivalent
Hades untrans
lated. Our Baptist
friends have re
cently met with a
similar rliffienltv.
"?.Br,8"'"" d have trans
bring my gray kairt
down to UhevL"
lated these words
as "the Under
world." Of course the grave, the tomb,
the death state, may be thus Indicated,
and none can find fault
It is needless to say that Jacob did
not mean his sous to understand that
he expected to go to eternal torment
His meaning evidently Is: "My sons, I
am old and gray. To lose my youngest
son would hasten my death bring my
gray hairs down to Sheol the tomb."
Our Golden Text Lesson.
AlthougS St. Paul made a general ob
servation that we reap what we sow,
the context applies bis words directly
to the Church. Consecration to be dead
with Christ Is not sufficient God can
not be trifled with. If God has en
tered Into a covenant with us, nothing
else than our agreement will stand.
Sick headache results from a disor
dered condition of the stomach, and can
le cured by the use of Chamberlain's
Stomach and Liver Tablets. Try it.
For sale by all dealers.
Notice to Water Users
All land owners in the East Fork Irri
gation District are notified to make their
written applications for irrigating water
for the season of 1K1 3 as soon as possible.
Applications are in the hands of Sunt.
J. W. McDonald, or may lie found at the
office of C. R. Bone, President, corner of
3rd and Oak Kta., Hood River, Ore.
alOtf Board of Directors.
HOSIER. j
Mr. and Mrs. Fred Evans were in
The Dalles Tuesday.
L.A.Matthews was a business vis
itor to Hood River Monday.
Jennie Olson came home from Hood
River Tuesday.
Mrs. H. McCaim, of Hood River,
..amn nn the first of the Week to si .mi.1
i several weeks here with her daughter,
Mrs. Aldred.
The recital Tuesday evening was a
very enjoyable affair. The pupils ac
quitted themselves with much cr-dit to
their teacher and individually. Also
each of the other performeis di serve
special mention.
Miss Ann Shogren and friends from
Portland came to the ranch Wednesday
to rusticate a few weeks. (
Mrs. Godbeisen came home W tdr.es
day from few das' stay in Hood
River.
Mrs. W. L. Rowland ard Mrs. W. A.
Husbands were in Tie Dalles during
the week, to visit Mrs. Bert Middle-
swart, who is a panein ai n,e Dalles
hospital.
Mrs. H. M. West and sun left on
Wednesday for a visit in Shaniko with
Mrs. West's parents.
Mrs. Roy, of Hood River, visited this
"week with her daughter, Mrs. Isom,
and son, Mr. Nichol, and their fami
lies. J. Mead was a business visitor to
The Dalles Thursday.
Messrs. Ginger and Hogc made an
overland trip to The Dalles one day
this week.
John Eder, of Portland, is spending
a week or so here, as the guest cf G.
P. Morden.
Mrs. W. E. Chown and child are
spending a few weeks in Springhrook
with relatives.
Dr. Robinson was a professional vis
itor to The Dalles this week.
Mrs. P. L. Arthur entertained the
members of the Ladies' club at her
home in Mosier Friday afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. McGregor returned
home Saturday evening from Portland.
Mrs.'Jas. Piercy returned home Sat
urady from Maupin, accompanied by
her daughter, Mrs. F. Stewart and
baby. Mrs. Stewart will visit her par
ents here for a few weeks.
Miss Ruth Clement spent Saturday
in Hood River.
Mrs. E. A. Race and children accom
panied by Miss Frankie Sayers, left
Monday for Moro to visit their parents.
Mothers' Day was appropriately ob
served at both churches at the Sunday
morning services.
Fred Wilson, of The Dalles, visited
his ranch here Sunday.
Miss Ellen Carlson returned home
Monday from a week's stay in The
Dalles.
Mrs. John Wellberg spent Sunday
and Monday in The Dalles.
Judge Gunning and several other
business men from The Dulles spent
Saturday about Mosier.
The local Rebekah lodge spent a very
pleasant evening on last Friday. The
degree was conferred on to candidates.
Afterward supper was served as fol
lows: Chicken Bandwiches, apple and
blackberry pies, doughnuts and coffee
WINANSCITY
It is said that it does not thunder
and lightning in Oregon, hut what
of our rain the latter part of last
week? My! but rtww,1 it thunder and
lightning, too! The rain did an im
mense lot of good, for the ranches, al
though it has made the road muddy.
The men who have been working on
the roads have postponed their work
for several days. In the nii'i'i;ti'c,
they will be busy on their raid e. Wc
certainly appreciate the woik Ih y
have already done.
i Paul Winans shipped a carload of
p'ling, the lirst of the week.
Julian P. Scolt was a Hood River
visitor last Wednesday.
Floyd Wilson spent a pleasant alter
noon, Saturday, at the Sheppard home
in Duke s valley.
W. R. Winans spent Saturday in
Hood River.
Mr. and Mrs. Hurry Emery had Sun
day dinner with Mr. and Mrs. G. M.
Wilson.
Paul Winans was very unfortunate
last week, while rutting wood. It
seems the ax slipped and cut his hand.
While his hand is not painful it intei
feres greatly with his work.
In spite of the showers Sunday many
people were along the river enjoying
the season of fishing. No one met with
very great success.
WHITE 3ALMON.
(Kroiu the Enterprise)
A daughter and granddaughter from
Portland spent last week at the home
of Mr. and Mrs. A. II. Jewctt.
Roy S. Neal returned last week from
the Warm Springs Indian reservation,
125 miles east of The Dalles, where he
went to obtain stiawberrv pickers
from among the Indians. He succeeded
in getting the ptomise of 40 Piutes,
who will be at The Dallea on the 19th
of this month, where Mr. Neal will
meet them.
William Perry, of White Salmon, and
Miss Constance Haynes were married
at Oregon City the first of last week
and arrived here Wednesday night,
where they were met at the depot by a
crowd of friends. They will reside on
Mr. Perry's place north of town. The
bride and groom are well known here
and have a large number of friends
who wish them success ana happiness.
J. C. Peterson, one of the directors of
the Trout Lake Creamery Association
was in town last week and took home
a cream ripener to he used in the
creamery at that place. This machine,
which cost $.'i00 or more, is used to
heat the cream to an even temperature
before churning, which results in a
more satisfactory grade of butter.
The Commercial club is backing the
Fourth of July celebration here this
year, and the demonstration is going
to be a "humdinger." At the club
meeting Monday night the event was
discussed thoroughly and the ball will
be started rolling the first of next
week. Every member present was
heartily in favor of the celebration and
every mother's son of them ia going to
do his level best to make the event the
grandest of its kind ever held in Klick
itat county.
J. C. Mclnnes has recovered from
the injury received in a runaway last
week. He was working on his place
near town and started to lead his horse
to water at noon. He had taken the
bridle off the animal, which was
hitched to the buggy, when the horse
became frightened and started to run.
Mr. Mclnnes endeavored to hold it
with the halter, but after running a
short distance was thrown violently to
the ground and his chest injured. The
horse rsn into Grange park, where the
buggy was demolished among the
trees.
H. F. Troh, Henry Hanson, wife and
child and W. F. Jebe. all of Glenwood,
were in White Salmon last week on
their way to Tie Dalles to take the
trian for New York City, from where
they will sail May 14 for Hamburg,
Germany. Mr. Troh left his native
country in 18.77, Mr. Jebe has not been
back for 30 years and Mr. Hanson last
visited the Fatherland 12 years ago.
Thty exiect to begone all summer.
Mr. Jebe settled in this locality 30
years ago, and Mr. Troh and his son-in-law,
Mr. Hanson, have also lived
here several years. They have been
hard working men, have accumulated
some of the world's goods and now in
tend to enjoy themselves among the
scenes and friends of childhood, 'lheir
many friends here wish them a pleas
ant time abroad and will be glad to
welcome them back to this side of the
pond.
.Sherman Williams Arsenate of Lead
$6.50 per 1(10 lbs. 1). McDonald. ml
- Notice
in the MHtter of llie Application of A. J
KrledUy et uv for 1 lie nrluMiill of lauds
fruiii the Hoo.l Kiver Irrigation District.
Notice Is lierel.y (jlven that A. J. Kreldley
am! wile Imve tlleil their petition with the
Honnlot Directors of the ll.sul Kiver Urina
tion District, aluiilm the ownership in them
of the Kit st hall ol Hi. Ksst Imlfnl the North,
west iiiiHl'terol I tie Southeast ilisrter of Sec
Hot. fifteen Township twn rJi North of
limine ten 1 10) Kast of the Willsmetle Men
iDan. except one II) sue therefrom tsken hy
the Kitrniers' lrriKMlinu ConipHiiv, ami pray
niK that the w hole til their lanit, VI.: That
portion lying-West amt Northerly of ihedltch
of i lie banners Irrigating Company ami t tie
Knsterly honmia y of the Hood Kiver Irriga
tion lnlrirt, be excluded from said District
anil that they he reiunded the moneys paid
on iissessiiMiiis tor waters not received or de
livered ou said land.
Said Application will he hesrd bv the Hoard
or Hi rectors of said District al its offlce therein
at Its next regular ineetitiK on June 3rd, lain,
st the hnorof 1 M and all persons who
may lie Interested in or who may be sttecled
by such exclusion may appear at such lime
and place and show cause In writing, II auv
they have, why such change as proponed in
snnl I'. tin, hi shall uot be made.
Dated and lirst published, this lMli day ut
May, im. '
K. W. KKI.I.V,
ni Secretary.
Notice ot Hearing on Final Account i
In the County Court of the state of Oregon tor !
HchhI Uiver County. j
In the Matter of the Kstate of (ieorglana
Small, also sometimes known as Ucorgia
tsniilh and Ueorgla A. Smith, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that the undersigned I
as Aiiiiiimsiraior oi tne f.staie ol lienrgiana
Smith, deceased, did on t lie 7th day of May,
duly Hie liia Final Account as such Ad
ministrator with the Clerk of the County
I'nurtot llond Kiver County, Oregon, and that
on the 7lli day ol My, 1!U , the Judge ol said
Court duly made and tlleil an Order nixing a
day for the hearing of nl.Jei tlons to such Final
Account, and the settlement tliereot, and til
ing the liith dy or June, I y 1 M, at lUo rloek A.
M , at llie County Courthouse in the Cltyoi
Hood Uiver, Hiaid Kiver County, Oregon, as
the time and place ol sucli hearing.
Now, llieielore.all person interested In said
estate are hereby untitled to appear nt said
lime an t place and show cause. If any they
have, why said t' inal Account should not be
allowed, and In all tilings approved and con.
firmed and ssld Administrator dlsclisrged
and said estate be declared settled and closed
The day of thetl rat publicat ion of tills not lev
will he May loth, I'.tl.l.
Dated .May loth, 1SH :t.
h.KA I.. HM1TU,
As Adtninlstrstor of the KsUte of
(Ieorglana (Smith, Deceased.
I.. A. A A. I". KKKD,
Attornevs
Hood Uiver, Oregon. ml5lli
Start trading at this store
where you are assured of
Quality Groceries
and the best of service. . ' .
SPECIAL THIS WEEK
Fresh, Crisp IfUPer
Ginger Snaps lUlLb.
C6c Star Grocery
"Good Things to Eat"
Perig'o (IX Son
Prepare for Spring Drives
and Horseback Hides
Hand Made Harness a Specialty
R. G. YOWELLL & CO.
Bell Building, Oak Street
May 28
TO
September 30
YOU CAN f.ET
LOW FARE
Round Trip Tickets
FROM A LI.
O.-W. R. & N. STATIONS
TO
PRINCIPAL CITIES IN THE EAST
VIA
Final Return Limit Oct. 31
Chicago ... $ 72M Denver $ 5MHI
New York. IWl.Mt Omaha MINI
Philadelphia.. KIS S lloilon 110 IM
St Paul M M Minneapolis . M M
Equally Low Round Trip Fares to practic
ally all other Points East
Let Me Help Outline
Your Trip
J. II. FREDRICY
Agent O-W. R. & N.
tlli
EXCURSIONS EAST
Daily, May 28 to September 30
RETURN LIMIT, OCTOBER 31
Choice of Routes and Stopovers in Both Directions
LOW ROUND
lljltimore
Boston
Buffalo
Chicago
Colorado Spring".
Denver
les Moines
Detroit
Ihiluth
Indianapolis
Kansas City
Train ncliediilfs ami other details will Iks furnished on reittest. T l!ajrt;ae
cliet ked and Hleepirn car accomodations arranged through to destination
a1'S2S:!L E-,A: C1BERT, Agcn,
Portland, Ore. White Salmon, Wash.
W. C. YVILKFS, Asst. Gen t Freight & Pass. At., Portland, Ore.
We are Now Taking Orders for
Apple, Peach and Pear Boxes
Would Advise Ordering at Once
Stanley-Smith Lumber Co.
Phone 124 Hood River, Oregon
) We Give
stamps
ELITE GROCERY
J. R. KINSEY, Proprietor
New Stock of Staple and Fancy Groceries
Green Vegetables, Flour and Feed
Delevery Hours-j West' 8 and 10 A' M- 4 p- M"
e y Ilours'l East, 9:30 A. M. and 3:30 P. M
t Bell Building
HOOD RIVER
J. M St'llMlil.TZKR
ABSTRACTS
Insurance Conveyancing
SURETY BONDS
"Accuracy"
Office in New Heilbronner Building
Phone 1271 HOOD RIVER, ORE.
WK IIAVK JUST RECEIVED A fRKSII SUPPLY OF
0
mil cut ui juud, murituc ui ruiuMi
AND ALL KINDS OF FERTILIZERS
COMIi T(! US DIRECT FOR
WOOD.FIBERED HOUSE PLASTER
CEMENT AND LIME
AS WE UNLOAD DIRECT FROM THE CARS fl
STRANAHAN & CLARK U
Hood River, Oregon Ji
3C
HOOD RIVER WHOLESALE NURSERIES
Sell Direct to Planters At Wholesale Prices
We have a line lot of Hood Hiver jrrown trees, ineliiditiK Biich
varieties an Yellow Newtown, Spit.enhurg, Ortley, Delicious,
Jonathan, Winter Itanana, etc., d'Anjou and Winter Nellis
Pears, Prunes, Peaches, Apricots and a generul line of Nursery
Stock, at greatly reduced prices. .v
Strawberry Plants
IV IN 1 1 RKSTKD WRITE
HOOD RIVER WHOLESALE NURSERIES, Hood River, Oregon
torage
We have storage space for all kinds
of goods in a concrete building
Our Tranfer Wagons Will Move
Anything
Complete Transfer Service
Transfer & Livery Co.
Phone 4111 '
LIMITED TRAINS EAST
via
Spokane, Portland & Seattle
Great Northern
Northern Pacific
Burlington Route
-TRIP FARES
.. 107.:.ll Milwaukee 8 72.50
1HI.0II Minneapolis 60.00
... H2.00 New York 10S.50
;j.."i0 Omaha 410.00
... .Vi.00 Philadelphia lOK.iit)
o.'i.OO Pittsburg VI. Mi
'".70 St. Louis 70.00
... SJt.oO St. Paul t.0.00
'0.00 Toronto 112.00
H'.OO Washington 107.50
BO.00 Winipeg (iO.OO
Green Trading
Phone 4451
I; i'il
ABSTRACT CO.
F. A. IllNllOP
ia Our Motto
3 C
'l OO per 1,000