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About The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 15, 1906)
f J f I f, ) V 1 IbaiU Ml Absolutely Puro A GRAPE CREAM OF TARTAR BAKING POWDER It makes the most delicious and healthful hot breads, biscuit and cake FREE FROM ALUM, LIME OR PHOSPIIATIC ACID 'Alum taking powders are tinhealthful. Dd not use tHM foil raising food under any circumstances. So detrimental are alum taking powders considered, that in most foreign countries their sale is prohibited. In many States in this country the law com pels alum powders to foe branded to show that they contain this dangerous acid, while in the District of Columbia, Congress has prohibited the sale of all food that contains alum. Alum baking powders are sold to consumers at from 10 cents a pound to 25 ounces for 25 cents, or 25 cents a pound, and when not branded jnay generally be distinguished by. theis price. FRUIT GROWERS FORM SOCIETY (Continued from page 1.) - Ono thing our grower inimt benr iu mind in that the marketing of the Hood lilvor tipple crop In a dlil'erent proportion today from what it watt ten yearn ago. Today we have an ar ticle that liana Htnnding with the trade namely, our Nowtowus aud Hpitzeubergn. It halt a oertaiu fixed vulue on the market, and our system of bitNiuoHH tihould be wick that our fruit ahould lie sold liuirely on ltd own meritB. ita value koulu be deter mined only by the law of nupiily and demand and we uholud co-operate, so that we will uevei be lit the nierny of the joggling of buyorg ond couimitwioii mou. Thin la the age of speoiullBin ; that being the ease, let ua concentrate our irorU to throe or rour or ttie new va rietlea of aiiplea that we can raitie, aud let ua co-operate in the marketing of the name, no ua to uvold competition among oursolvoa. In annwer to a quentiou from Lenllo JUutler why he did not mention Wine napn, Mr. Franz naid that thin variety of apple in Hood liiver valley usually grew one-third four tier, one-third four and a half tier aud one-third live tier, and for that reanou it waa dilll cult to uet a good price for them In aunwur to another quontion aa to what he thought wan the bent noil to produce a hiuh color in Spitzeubergx, Mr. Frauz ntated that experience had shown that noil where oak treun had grown aud a location that iiad southern exposure aud plenty of nun Unlit had been found to bo bent. "I'runlug" waa the toplo selected for 1). 11. Hears, aud he advised grow ing a full tree with an many inside limba an possible, thereby causing the trees to bear full and heavy ana keep ing out the nuulight. Hi Is, he thought, produced a fur better com meroial tree than any other way. F. W. Angus talked on "Ubserva Hons of Our l'uok and Uuggeatioun, Mr. Angus told how the present method of packing apples could be improved on, although ho naid that the Hood Kiver pack was the bent that had boeu put iu use. He advocated more caro iu packing apples iu the future. Appoliuatiou was J. T. Fortoi's tbomo, aud results of experiments he said were to I lie uiroct tnut poll i in .a tiou was necessary to all fruit trees, although the pomologioid department of the Government held to tho con trary. Jto told what he thought were the best trees for this purpose for Newtosvus and Bpitzeuliergs, but stat od tlia' there was a great deal to lie learned ou the subject aud that he was still experimenting. O. 11. Hproat vudorsud the co-ope rative plan tor marketing fruit estab lished note aud urged the organ iza tion of unions as the beat plau to se cure this result. That any kind of au organization was better than trying to market the lruit individually. Kay lirock explained the method of manufacturing pure culture cider as carrieii on iu (ieriimuy with the list1 of yeast taken from the fermentation of grapes iiod for making wine. Home of the cider thus made was ou exhibition aud was pronounced very good I'V thosu who tated it. In his talk about diseases of trees U. li. Castuer explained the nature of Muthragnose, and said that the most effooiivo remedy that had boen found for it was the Bordeaux mixture. Mr. Castoer exhibited a piece of a limb atl'ectod with autliragiiose which In used In demonstrating his talk aud showed how tho disease manifested itself by Uuully encircling a limb aud destroying it. J. 1 Carter told all about the dead ly effect of fungus, saying that it was more dangerous than Sun Jose Scale or anlhragnoso and more dilllcult to oonteud with, lie stated that the lior doaux mixture was the best prevent ative of the disease and also the best remedy for it. The last topic on the program was "Thinning." 1!. i Tucker was asked to speak ou this subject aud made one of the most iuterest.ug talks of the meeting. Mr. Tucker gave a descrip tion of how he had sc out his or chard, saying that it was a small one and that he had planted nix rows of, strawberries between the trees which had netted him tW au acre for the first three years, when they bad been removed. At the end of that time he cut back the side limbs and main branches and kept cutting them back until the tree had plenty of wood many of bis trees measuring 21 inches iu circumference and some of them 24. lie believed, he said, in bulldln up a stout tree so that when it came into its full bearing maturity it would lie able to support the fruit without the aid of props. That be had never had to use a prop under his trees aud didn't expect to. As a renult the trees had not borne as many apples rs trees iu other orchards, but the fruit was large and of the finest quail' ty, aud that when they were seven years old they would be paying ten por cent on the investment. Mr. Tucker propnesled that If growers would properly care tor their fruit and raise only the lines t that in the not very distant future their laud would be worth 1,000 an acre. During the course of the meeting E. 11. Hhepard road a paper on "The Uodlin Moth." We have received many requests to print this article for the future reference of those in teronted iu apple growing. It is as follows: THE CODLIN MOTH. Introduction. 1 wish to nay, gentlemen, that I do not claim this to be an entirely orlg iual talk, but on the other baud it is more a collaboration principally from Simpson, MilaiHter, Uordloy aud Hail. In nearly every Instance their words best express the idea. Furthermore, I wish to state that 1 do not consider myself well enough informed toadvine you, nor d 1 wish to pursuade you to adopt any of tnese methods. 1 am simply going to tell you, as I remem her them, the opinions, observations and conclusions of intelligent work ers ou the oodlln moth that you may have an opportunity to discuss and consider them. If I have erred In any particular or omitted any import aut feature, there are many ex peri euced growers present who are better posted than 1 aud with better mem ories, and i beg of them tooorreot me lest harm be done. Again, I wish to preface my remark by saying 1 do not propose to give you iuformaton founded solely ou my own exnerlonce. 1 nave read every thing obtainable on the subject aud have been iu attendance at all our horticultural meetings for the last three years. In evideuce of the value of what 1 have learned I wish simply to ntate that of the ilftiK) trees on my place, but 100 are bearing. Iu ltXKi 1 had JIH.60 worth of good apples; in 1 : k i-l , :iH(i; in 1905, aud of the iW boxes this year there were only l'J boxes less than four tier aud no five tier aud only 5's per cent loss from all causes. : Stages. The life of the codlin moth is divid ed Into four distinct stages the egg, the worm, the pupa and the moth. The codlin moth passes the winter in the larvae stage, found in silken co coons on the bark of trees and iu var ions places. If you have au apple house iu which there were wormy up pies, do not fail to spiay it. In spring hibernation these larvae change to pupao, from which the moth emerges about blossoming time; Simpson says about a week alter the apple tree blossoms. The moth with wings ex tended Is about tliree fourths of au inch across, of a grayish brown color similar to the bark of the tree. The moth lays her eggs iu about four days after she emerges, and, by the way, she lays 00 of them. The eggs of the llrst brood are generally conceded by the best authorities to be laid ou the leaves, while most of the eggs of the second brood are laid on the apples, ltie egg Is nearly white, about the size of a pin head. In about teu days the egg hatches into the worm, which neeks a place to en ter the apple. The worm or larvae is about one-sixteenth to oue-twentieth of au inch long when hatched, aud this is the fellow we are after. The worm feeds ou the apple about twenty days, aud when he emerges, usually from the side, he seeks a place to spin the cocoon, frequently the bark of the tree or some dark plaoe. The larvae or worms change into pupae in about six days, aud iu about twenty days emerge again as moths to lay the eggs lor tue seooud brood. For a more thorough knowledge aloug this line I refer you to Farmers, Bulletin No. 171, which can be secured of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, free of cbaige; "The Codlin Moth" by O. B. Bimpson, Di vision of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Washington, P.O., which can be secured for M cents, or the lliennlal Report of our Htate Board of Hoi tinuiture, if v hicb the Hon. K. L: Smith is piesideot, aud of whom a copy can be obtained by asking for it. And, by the way, nearly every subject discussed here today is ably treated in this report, and if you have it not, lot me suggest that it is your outy to yourself as well as your neighbor to get it and study it. The duration of each stage of the codlin moth in as follows: Philander. Simpton Days, max. min. a v. average Winter larvae, Spring larvae, Mot 30 10 18 ao 21)5 29 4 10 20 7 10 57 5 11 20 ;22 .D8 240 21 th. 2 Incuba. of egg, 8 Worm in apple, 12 Worm in cocoon until pupation, Pupae, Total life of sum- . mer insect, , A complete metamorphosis, that is from moth back to mth ngain.ls from 60 to 57 days, a great many claiming 50 days aveiage in suUanor. So about 50 days after the first moths appeur watch out for the seooud and get you,r spraying done in time for the worms, which will begin to chew in from. 10 to 16 days. Material. I think all those present who used Swift's arsenate of lead last year feel sufficiently satisfied to be juntiiled in using it again. The fruit growers of Pajaro Valley, under direction of the experiment station of California.spent $:IT),000 to find a better spray than Paris Green and one that would not turn their foliage. Although they tried every known spray they found that Swift's arsenate of lead gave the best satisfaction. Colorado also bad good success. In fact 1 have yet to bear of a grower who used it that is dissatisfied. If there is any one op posed to it let him speak out aud give bis objections when 1 have finished. Hood liiver used about one-half pound of arsenate of lead for each tree for the season. .Swift's direc tions are for the first spray, two aud one-half to three pounds for DO gal lons ; for the seaond, two to two aud one-half pounds, for the third one aud oue-half to two pounds, and the fol lowing nprays one to one and oue-half pounds for 50 gallons ol water. Mow I am up against the real thing, when and bow to spray. As Prof. . D. Ball of the experiment station, Lo gan, Utah, nan npent seven years on this work, I. m going to toll what you he said, because he has giten the Lest talk, backed up by statistics, that 1 have ever heard. First let me tell you be selected tho wormiest orchard in Utah, aud made his comparisons on the same variety, with about the same number of apples on , tree, because comparisons n ust be made under sim ilar conditions. Prof. Ball said substantially as fol lows : In Utah unsprayed orchards have averaged a worm to each apple. Many problems remain to be solved before we can say with certainty just what la the best method of controliug the codlin moth under the varied con ditions in which it is fouud. The Utah itatiou coucerued itself with three questions: f lrst, what is the relative value of early and late sprays? Second, what is the relative of each of these early sprays? - Third, how long does the value of the early nprays last, or in other words, do the early sprays kill any worms In the seooud brood? In order to get these exact results every apple that set on a tree was oouuted and examined. la this ex periment this waa done on Ol tiees av eraging 1)000 apples eaob. For this work it was also necessary to separate the damage of the lint brood of wormn from the second, which was done by oouuting every wormy apple on the trees just before the seooud brood began Its work. Three early sprays were tested by varying the order of the sprays in six different ways an the following remarks will show. The' first npray was applied just before the blossoms had fallen, aud the seooud ten days later aud the third tlfteeu days after that. Results of the First Brood. Trees that had only the third spray were as wormy as the unspiayed trees. Trees that had only the second spray had 15 wormy applet, or 7!) per oent woims killed. Trees that had only the first spray bad 8 wormy apples, or 89 por ceut of worms killed. Trees that had the first two . sprays had 1 wormy apples, or 94 per ceut of worms i.m... i '1 1 : . i. . I. . i i iilltHi, Areea witir tutee vpiHyn ijhu only 3 wormy apples, or 90 per ceut of woims killed. These results are bet ter shown in the following table: Times Wormy Worms Per sprayed, apples. killed. cent. . 000 72 0 0 001 . 010 15 - 67 79 100 8 W - - 80 1110 4 08 U ill 3 09 -.90 From these results we see that the third spray alone was of little' value. The second spray alone k tiled almost 1-5 of the worms. The first spray alone killed l a or the worms. Hoth are val liable, the first is double the value of the second when applied alone, but the lirst aud second when both are an plied killed 17-18 of the worms, or t) per oent of the first brood. When three sprays were applied a slightly belter result was obtained. Where the Worms Were kilted. Examination showed where the seo oud spray was applied, -of' 15 wormy' apples only o weie wormy- in the ca lyx ; where the lirst spray was applied. of the eight wormy apples only one was wormy in the calyx; where the first aud second sprays were applied, of the wormy apples only 3-5 ot and apple was wormy in, tha calyx. Con sequently it is seen that by these ear- sprays the calyx worms are practi cally exterminated and that but few worms escape, aud these go into the side. ' . . Results in Second Brood. Times Wormy Worms Per sprayed, apples. killed. ceut 000 210 0 0 001 - 0 l"0 " 010 120 ' 90 41 100 78 138 04 110 ' 48 108 . .. 78 ' IU 8 108 78 From these results we see that the third early spray was of no value iu the second brood ; the second ' one alone killed nearly half the worms; the first one alone killed one-third ore than the second alone, and the first two together killed 3-4 of the worms iu the second brood. Hard to Believe. It is hard to believe that a spray properly put ou at the tight time in Nay. in Utah, oould kill over naif the worms entering the apples in Au gust and September, or that the iwo early sprays applied properly at the right time before June loth, in Utah, oould kill ever 3-1 of those same worms,. The results were no unifoim for tw6 eonseciitive yearn that there could be no question about their ac curacy. , My further investigation aud explanation makea the matter clear. The pulsion pat in the calyx cap in the early sprays' remain to re. You can see this and convince yourself by examination with a microscope and this is responsible for the greater part of the results. Taking the actual, figures there was an average of 101 calyx wormy aiples on the unsprnyod trees from the sec ond brood; 41 where the seooud spray only was applied; 8 where the first spray only was applied, and only 3 where Vha first two sprays were ap plied. -From these tigures you nee that the; poison in the calyx cup, where the first and second ear.'y sprays wore applied, killed 98 of the 101 worms of the second brood entering tho'calyx from August 1st in Utah until ' picking time. Besides killing 07 per cent of all the worms of the second brood entering the calyx, the early nprays killed 700 out of 1115 worms that went in on the sidos, or 01 per cent of the worms of the seo oud brood entering the side. These statements have all been glvea in act ual number of worms found, which is the only trite, way to compare results. Translating them into per dent means that the second year these two early sprays gave 98 per oent of sound ap ples, f. Method Used. 'The essential feature of the work was forcing the email drops of pois oned liquid between the stamens way down into' the bottom of the calyx cup. To do this it is necessary to have 85 to 100 pounds pressure and the spray must be thrown In fine drops that do not bleak into a mist within six feet of the nozzle. Then by using a platform, so the operator is on a level with the top ot the tree, an extension pole with a nozzle set at an angle of 30 degreee, each part of the tree can be sprayed 'so the liquid will be forced stiaight into the calyx cup. . Iu conclusion Prof. Ball said be was not offering a method for spraying in humid regions, as be was not fa miliar with them; that he wan not ad vocating Paris greeu as better than auy other poison and .that - it is not better, but he used it because he Could see it better and in an arid region it is safe. Neither did he ad vocate two sprayings or any ether number; but what ; he did advocate wan that the early . nprays be applied according to the method he gave, and if it whs doue he believed be would be able to get on with a less number of late sprays aud under favorable conditions possibly without any late sprays for tho second brood. In Conclusion First Brood. The first two sprays a e the most important, aud if applied properly at the right time kill by far the greater number of worms. Ball applies the lirst spray just after the blossjms have fallen, but iu Hood Kiver we applied lust year just before ail the blossoms bad fallen. It remains to be deter mined which time is preferable. It Is possible tha'4 by applying just be fore may m restitute a third early spray,' which was customary here last year, but which Ball stated was of little value in the arid region when the that spray was applied just after the biniisoms bad fallen. While we are not sure that two early npraya are Biillloli nt with us, actual work ban proven that three early sprays get re sults. The second early sp ay should follow the first within ten days, and the third, if applied witbln thiiteen days after the second. These early sprays are applied iu advuuee ot the iirst brood of worms, because tbey have to be applied when the calyx is open. .,. Second Brood, The proper time, to spray for the second brood, which by the way is large in Hood Kiver, would naturally be in about 50 days after the entrance of the lirst worms, but it la not best to figure by days, an the, temperature varies the cycle periods. The better way is to determine by brooding cages or oonnting the worms 'under the band . If you use the brooding cage take a fruit jar, put in some cocoons, cover the top with mosquito netting ad n place out of doors. When the moth appears in the jar, your spray ing should be done in about a week, aud surely within 13 days. Let me caution yon to be sure you get early cocoons. If you determine by count ing the wormn under the bands, spray In i3 days after you observe the great est number. The second spray for the seooud brood should follow in 13 days, and Ball says in Utah the third spray for the second brood should fol low in 13 days again. 1 sm rather of the opinion that two sprays would be sulflcient for the second brood, for the reason that the maximum period of the life of the mot and incubation of the egr combined is 28 days, which exceeds the minimum period ot 10 days by 18 dayn; therefore, if we get the first npray for the second brood on at the proper time and follow with another in 13 days we have kept the apples continually coated for 20 days, which will kill maximum stragglers, as they are but 18 days behind the first worms of the second brood. Let os look into this by actual dates. r ull blossoming time is about May 10th. In about 10 days, just before all the blossoms have fallen or. about May 20th. we annlv the first snrav The majority of worms enter in about lo days atter blossoms have fallen. wblob would be about June 5th. The first spray for the second brood, which by this plan ould be your fourth spray, probably would be in advance ot 50 days from June 5th, which means with us about July 25th, fol lowed with another spray iu 13 days, which would go on about August 8th and keep the apples ' covered until about August 22nd. I want to tell you about actual work by Chris Detbman and compare it with the above, lie sprayed last year just before ell the blossoms fell ; the second time 10 days later and the third time two weeks af ;er that. Theu he waited 40 days aud sprayed the fourth time and in two weeks sprayed again, ana ne nad a Hue, clean crop of apples. Now, assuming that spray ing just before blossoms fell with him was the same date as we assume iu our calculations May 20th. His tec ond spray would be June 1st; bis third June 14tb, and 10 days later for the fourth spray would be July 21th, and bis 5th spray August 8th. You i tbey both agree. Now if there is a third brood the time to spray for it would be deter mined by jars or bands, or calculat ing approximately by dates, would be about 50 days from the first spraying for the second brood, which we put about July tb; this would mean about September 10th to 15th, which would be your 0th spraying. I am in olined to believe it advisable, because we all remember great damage iu the early part of September. In spraying for the first brood do not use a mist nozzle, but oue that throws a fine stream, as the object is to force the poison way down into the calyx, and a flue stream and force is necessary to put it there. In spray ing for later broods use a mist nozzle, as the object is to coat the apple. A X nozzle is best at all times. Be oareful iu spraying not to get too much drip in spraylns for second brood, as drops in forming are apt to pun tne poison together, leaving the surface of the apple bare in spots, but be sure your apples are coated. Don't neglect to band your trees and examine the bauds eaoh week aud kill the worms, and the nearer the color of the bark the band is the bet ter. Every moth killed means the saving of 25 apples from being wormy or stung aud that means, a quarter ot a box more clean apples at 2 per box. worth 50 cents. At a cost of 3 1 killed under the bands an average of 4 worms on 100 trees, which meant the destruction of 10,000 eggs, the sav ing of 10,000 apples from being wormy or stung, or 100 boxes at 12 per box, and that meant to me 1200 in ooiu. Lastly, it is not the number of times you sprBy that does the work, but HOW and WHiiN. In another column will be fouud an article supplementary to this paper entitled "Thinning" which will also be found interesting.. 1 LiiOO-IK window and come into our store. See the finest line of sundries ever shown in the city and at the most attrac tive prices. Bath brushes, rubber, sponges, buth sprays, all kinds of brushes, anything in toilet articles and rubber goods. ' Prescriptions our Specialty lams'- Pharmacy CHARLES HALL, Proprietor, FRUIT TREE: w Ibt of Yellow Newtowna, Spitzenberg, Baldwin, Mam moth Black Twig, Jonathan, Home Beauty, Lawver, etc iso larjre line 01 rrenerai nursery siock. i?ena ior cam nir and price list. Breeders of Shorthorn Cattle and Berk- lure Hogs; all stock registered. PACIFIC NURSERY CO. TANGENT i t i i i OREGON J. E, NICHOLS UNDERTAKER and FUNERAL DIRECTOR I lioM license from the State Board.of Oregon and Wsshlncton.Tmd am quslified to snip Domes lo any point, rronipt service eiuier any or niglit. Hearse furnished on all occasions railor Thone Main 1143 Residence l'lione Main Wi Schiffler Beildiiig, Hood Kiver, Oregon 0 Thf HnfiH Dirpf Rotrprv nnv-A) 1 1 A St 1 T til cnasea zuu barrels ot our (ioiaen Crown Flour Oct. 1,1905. They have just placed another order with us for 100 barrels more. At Mr. Williams' Bakery can be found s the best bread in the dty, and it is made from our Golden Crown flour. The bread speaks for itself.; Our White Riyer and Golden Crown flour ' can be found for sale at all the leading gro- cers. Try a sack. Once used, always used For Sale By STRANAHAN & SHEETS 3 Hood River, Oregon oc DC 3C 3Q f w J, F. S. STANLEY. Pren. E. L. SMITH, Vioe-Prea. E. 0. BLANCHAR Cashier V. O. Bbock, Asst. Cashier Tle First National Bank OF HOOD RIVER Capital and Surplus, $30,000.00 We offer you the facilities of a well managed and a well equipped bank. The interests of patrons receive our careful attention. Our Motto: "A SQUARE DEAL FOR ALL." W Buy Your Fruit Boxes " AT THE Hood River Box factory and Patronize Home Industry. Best Quality . Lowest Price Home Made Phone Main 71 St they're first in quality v j- f-y at Your. Store A LETTER I wish to say to all our old friends and custom ers who for so many years came to our shop for their meats, that it is useless for me to introduce Wood Bros., our successsors, as their 18 years in the butcher business in Wasco county has made them so widely known that jii introduction is un necessary. Being honest, capable business men, they have the means and ability to rwn a business as it should be run, and in a way that will be a credit to our city. I expect to stay with the new firm for awhile, and will be glad to see you all at the old stand. 1 will guarantee that you will get just as much meat for your money, just as courteous treatment and just as prompt service as can be had in the city. . We will have a full line of everything good to eatfortheSpringtra.de. Respectfully yours, E. S. MAYES. New Location. We are now located in the Smith. Building, in the room formerly occupied by J. E. Hand, where we will be pleased to see all of our old customers as well as new ones. This large and well-lighted store has been fitted up with the best and most complete stock of Staple and Fancy Groceries, Hour and Feed ever displayed in the City. Fresh Vegetables received daily. Call and inspect our stock. SPOT CASH GROCERY . WOOD & SMITH BROS., Proprietors.