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About The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 16, 1905)
The Simple Life By CHARLES WAGNER Translated From lk franca, by Nary LvU Hende Copyright. 1901, by McCturt, Phillip U Co. r s cn.vrTF.n iv. BIMPtlCIT? Off SPEECH. FEKCJI Is tlie cliicf revelation of tho mind, the first visible form that It takes. As the thought, so tho speech. To better oue'i Ufo lii the way of simplicity one must set a watch ou bis lips and bis pen. Let tlie word be as genuine as the thought, as artless, as valid. Think Justly, speiik frankly. i All soclfil relations have their roots In mutual trust, and this trust Is mala tallied by each man's sincerity. Once sincerity dimlnlHbes, confidence 1m weakened, society suffers, apprehen. slon Is born. This Is true In tlie prov ince of both natural and spiritual Inter ests, With people whom we distrust ft Is as dllDeult to do business as to search for scientific truth, arrive at ' religious harmony or attain to Justice. When one must first question words and intentions and start from the pre mise that everything an Id and written fs meant to offer us Illusion In place of truth, life becomes strangely complicat ed. This la the case today. There Is to much craft, so much diplomacy, so much subtle legerdemain, that we all have no end of trouble to Inform our selves on the simplest subject and the one that most concerns us. Probably what I have Just said would suillce to show my thought, and each one's expa- he Is misleading himself. The capital on which he lives Is confidence, and nothing equals the confidence of the people unless It be their distrust when once they find themselves betrayed. They may follow for a time the ex ploiters of their artlessness, but then their friendly humor turns to bate. Doors which stood wide open offer an Impassable front of wood, and enrs once attentive are deaf. Aud the pity Is that they have closed not to the evil alone, but to the good. This Is the crime of those who distort and degrade speech: they shake confidence general-1 ly. We consider as a calamity the de basement of the currency, the lowering of Interest, the abolition of credit There Is a misfortune greater than these the loss of confidence, of that conditions; and quite us truly m.ijp.s language dopg not suffice the man of overwrought sensibilities when he tries to express what be feels. In private life, In public, In books, on the stage, calm und temperate speech has given place to excess. The means that novel ists and playwright employ to gitlvfr nlze the public mind und compel Its at tention are to be found again in their rudiments, In our most commonplace conversations, In our letter writing and, above all, In public speaking. Our performances In language compared to those of a man well balanced and se rene are what our handwriting Is com pared to that of our fathers. The fault Is laid to steel pens. If only the troth were acknowledged! Geese, then. could save us. Hut the evil goes deeper; It Is In ourselves. We write like men possessed. The pen of our ancestors was more restful, more sure. Here we face one of tho results of our modern life, so complicated and ho terribly ex haustlve of energy. It leaves us lmpa tient, breathless, In perpetual trepida tion. Our handwriting, like our speech, suffers thereby mid betrays w. Let us go back from the effect to the cause and understand well the warning It brings us. What good enn come from this habit of exaggerated speech? False Inter preters or our own Impressions, we cannot but warp tlie mlmls of our fel low men as well s our own. Between rlonee might bring to Its support an ample commentary with illustrations. But I am none the less moved to In sist on this point und to strengthen my position with examples. I Formerly the means of communlca tion between men were considerably restricted. It was natural to suppose that In perfecting and multiplying ave nues of information a better under standing would be brought about. Na- nous woum learn 10 love eaen otner as they became acquainted; citizens of one country would feel themselves bound In closer brotherhood as more light was thrown on what concerned their common life. When printing was invented the cry arose, "Flat lux!" and with better canst) when the habit of rending und the taste for newspapers increased. Why should not meu have reasoned thus: "Two lights illumine better than one, nd ninny better than two. The mora periodicals and books there mo the better we ahull know what happens, and those who wish to wrllo history after us will be right fortunate. 'JUelr hands will be full of documents." Nothing could have teemed more evident 1 Alas, tills reasoning was bused upon the nature and capacity of the Instru ments without Inking Into account the human element, ulvvays the most Im portant factor!. And what has really come about is this that cuvllers. ca lumniators and crooks, all gentlemen glib of tongue, who know better than nity ouo else how to turn voice and pen to account, have taken the utmost ad vantage of these extended meant for circulating thought, with the result that the men of our times have the greatest dlllleulty in the world to know tho truth about their own age and their own uft'airs. For every newspaper that fosters good feeliug and good under standing between nations by trying to rightly Inform Its neighbors and to study them without reservations, bow many spread defamation and distrust! What unnatural nnd dangerous cur rents of opinion set In motion! What falso alarms and malicious Interpreta tions of words nnd facts! And in do mestic affairs we are not much better informed than in foreign. At to com mercial, Industrial aud agricultural in terests, political parties and social tendencies or the personality of public men, it Is alike dltllcult to obtain a dls Interested opinion. The more newspa pers one reads the loss clearly he sees In these matters. There are daya when after having rend them all, and admit ting that he takes them at their word, tho reader finds himself obliged to draw this conclusion: Unquestionably noth ing but corruption cuu be found any longer; no men of integrity except a few Journalists. But the last part of the conclusion fulls In its turn. It ap pears that the chroniclers devour each other. The render has under his eyes a spectacle somewhat like the cartoon entitled "The Combat of the Serpents." After having gorged themselves with everything around them the reptilet fall upon each other, aud there remain upon the field of battle two tulls. And not the common people alone reel this embarrassment, but the culti vated also; almost everybody shares it. In politics, liuuiice, business, even in science, art, literature und religion, there Is everywhere disguise, trickery, wire pulling -one truth for the public, another for the initiated. The result it that everybody Is deceived. It la vain to be behind the scenes on one stage. A man cannot be there on them all, and tlie very people who deceive othert with tho most ability are in turn de ceived when they need to count upou the siucerlty of their neighbors. The result of such practices is the degradation of human speech. It is de graded mst In the eyes of those who manipulate it as a base Instrument Jo word is respected by sophists, casuists and qulbblers, men who are moved only by a rage for gaining their point or who assume that their inter ests are alone worth considering. Their penalty is to be forced to Judge others by tho rule thy fjllow them (selves say what proliu and not what U true. They can uo longer take any ono seriously- a sad state of mind for those who write or teach! How light ly must one hold his readers and hear ers to approach them In aucb an atti tude! To him who has preserved enough honesty nothing Is more repug aiant than the careless irony of an ac robat of the tongue pen who tries to dupe honest and ingenuous men. On one sldo openness, sincerity, the desire to be enlightened; on the other, chicanery making game of the public! But be knows not the liar, how fur moral credit which honest people give ; people who exaggerate, good under- one anotbaa and which makes speech circulate like an authentic currency. Away with counterfeiters, speculators, rotten financiers, for they bring under suspicion even the coin of the realm. Away with the makers of counterfeit speech, for because of them there it no longer confidence In any one or any thing, and what they say and write It not worth a continental. You tee bow urgent It Is that each should guard hit lips, chasten bis pen and aspffe to simplicity of speech. No more perversion of tense, circumlocu tion, reticence, tergiversation! These things serve only to complicate and be wilder. Be men. Bpeak the speech of honor, An hour of plain dealing does more for the salvation of the world than years of duplicity. A word now about a national bias to those who have a veneration for dic tion and style. Assuredly there can be no quurrel with the taste for grace and elegance of speech. I am of opin ion that one cannot say too well what he has to say. But It does not follow that the thlngt best said and best writ ten are most ttudled. Words should serve the fact and not tubstltute them selves for it and make it forgotten in its embellishment. The greatest things are those which gain the most by be ing said most simply, since thug they thow themselves for what they are. You do not throw over them the veil. however transparent of beautiful dis course, nor that shadow to fatal to truth called the writer's vanity. Noth ing to etrong, nothing to persuaalve, as simplicity! There are sacred emotions, cruel griefs, splendid heroisms, pas sionate enthusiasms, that a look, a movement, a cry, interprets better than beautifully rounded periods. The most precious possessions of the heart of humanity manifest themselves most simply. To be convincing a thing must be true, and -certain truths are more evident when they eomo In the speech of Ingenuousness, even weakness, than when they fall from Hps too well train ed or are proclaimed with trumpets. And these rules are good for each of us in hit everyday life. No ono can imagine whut profit would accrue to his moral life from the constant obser vation of this principle: Be sincere. moderate, simple In the expression of your feelings and opinions In prlvato and public alike; never pass beyond bounds, give out fuithfully what Is within you, and above all watch-that Is the main thing. For the danger in fine words Is that they live from a life of their own. They aro servants of distinction that have kept their titles, but no longer perform their functions, of which roy al courts offer us example. You speak well, write well, and all is said. How many people content themselves with speaking nnd believe that it exempts them from acting! And those who lis ten aro content with having heard them. So it sometimes happens that a life may In the end be made up of a few well turned speeches, a few fine books and a few groat plays. As for practic ing what it so magisterially set forth that it the last thing thought of. And If we pass from the world of talent to spheres which the mediocre exploit, there lu a pellmell of confusion we see those who think that we are in the world to talk and hear others talk the great and hopeless rout of bub blers, of everything that prates, bawls ond perorates and. after all. finds that there isn't talking enough. They all forget that those who make the least noise do the most work. An engine that expends ail Its steam in whistling nas nothing left with which to turn wheels. Then let us cultivate silence. AH that we can save In noise we iraln In power. These reflections lead us to consider similar subject, also very worthy of attention. I mean what has been call ed "the vice of the superlative." If we ttudy the inhabitants of a country we notice differences of temperament, of which the language shows signs. Here the people are calm and phleg matic. Their speech is Jejune, lucks color. Elsewhere temperaments are more evenly buhuiced. One finds pre cision, the word exactly fitted to the tiling. But further on-effect of the sun, the air, the wine perhaps-hot blood courses In the veins, tempers are excitable, language Is extravagant and the simplest things are said in the strongest terms. If the type of speech varies with cli mate, it differs also with epochs. Com pare the language, written or spoken, of our own timet with that of certain other periods of our hlBtory. I'nder the old regime people spoke differently than at the time of the Revolution, aud we have not the same language as the men of 1830, 1848 or the second empire. In general, lauguage is now charac terlied by greater simplicity. We no longer wear perukes, we no longer write in lace frills, but there Is one significant difference between us and almost all of our ancestors, and It is the source of our exaggerations our nervousness. I'pon overexcited nerv ous systems and heaven knows that to have nerves is no longer an aristo cratic privilege words do not produce the same Impression, as under normal titainllug ceases. Bullied tempers, vio lent and useless disputes, husty Judg incuts devoid of all moderation, the utmost extravagance in education aud social life these things ure the result of Intemperance of speech. May I be permitted in this appeal for simplicity of speech to frame a wish whose fullillment would have the hap piest results? I nsk for simplicity in literature, not only as one of the best remedies for the dejection of our souls -biases, jaded, weary of eccentricities -but also as a pledge and source of loclal union. I ask also for simplicity iu art. Our nrt and our literature are reserved for the privileged few of ed ucation and fortune. But do not mis understand me. I do not ask poets, novelists nnd painters to descend from the heights and walk along the moun tain sides, finding their satisfaction in mediocrity, but, on the contrary, to mount higher. The truly popular is not that which appeals to a cerluln class of society ordinarily called the common people; the truly popular Is what Is common to all classes and unites them. Tlie sources of inspiration from whicn perfect art springs ore In the depths of the human heart, In the eternal reali ties of life, before which nil men are equal. And the sources of a popular language must he found In the smull number of simple and vigorous forms which express elementary sensations und draw the master Hues of human destiny. In tlicin are truth, power, grandeur, immortality. Is there not enough In such nnt:eal to kindle the enthusiasm of joulli, which, sensible that tho sacred Maine of the beautiful Is burning within, feels pity, und to the disdainful adage, "Odi profanum vul gus," prefers tills more humane saying, "Mlsereor super turlmm." As for me, I have no artistic authority, but from out the multitude where I live I have tho right to raise my cry to those who have been given talents, and say to them: Labor for men whom the world forgets, make yourselves Intelligible to the humble, so shall you accomplish a work of emancipation and peace; so shall you open again the springs whence those masters drew, whose works have dolled the uges because they knew how to clothe genius In slm pllclty W CHAPTER V. MMI'LE DUTY. IIF.N we talk to children on subject that annoys them they call our attention to some pigeon on tho roof itlv nig ioou io us mue one or some coachman down lu the street who Is abusing his horse. Sometimes they even maliciously propose one of those alurming questions that put tho mind? of parents on the rack; all this, to di vert attention from the distressing topic. I fear that In the face of dutj wo are big children, and when that Is tho theme seek subterfuges to distract us. The first sophism consists In asking ourselves ir there Is such a thing as duty In the abstract, or if this word does not cover one of the numerous il lusions of oqr forefathers; for duty, In truth, supposes liberty, nnd tlie ques tion of liberty leads us Into metaphys ics. How cuu we talk of liberty so long as this grave problem of free will Is not solved? Theoretically there Is no objection to tills, mid If life were a theory and we were here to work out a complete system of the universe It would bo absurd to concern ourselves with duty until we had cln rifled the subject of liberty, determined its con ditions, fixed its limits. But life Is not a theory. In this ques tion of practical morality, as In the others, lifo has preceded hypothesis, aud there is no room to believe that she ever yields It place. This liberty relative, I admit, like everything we are acquainted with, for that mutter this duly whose existence we question Is none tlie loss the basis of all the Judgments we pass upon ourselves aud our fellow men. We hold each other to n certain extent responsible for.our deeds and exploits. The most ardent theorist, once out side of his theory, scruples not a whit to approve or disapprove tlie acts of others, to take measures against his enemies, to appeal to the generosity aud Justice of those he would dissuade rroui an unworthy step, line can no more rid himself of the notion of mor al obligation than of that of time or space, and as surely as we must re sign ourselves to walking before we know how to detlne this space through which we move and this tiino that measures our movements, so surely must we submit to moral obligation be fore having put our linger on Its deep hidden roots. Mom I law dominates mail whether he respects or defies It See how it Is In everyday life each ono Is ready to cast his stone at him who neglects n plain duty eveu If be allege that he has not" yet arrived at philosophic certitude. Everybody will say to him, and with excellent reason: "Sir, we are men before everything. First play your part, do your duty as citizen, father, son. After that you shall return to the course of your med itations," However, lot u be well understood. We should not wish to turn any one way from scrupulous research Into the foundation of morality. No thought which leads men to concern themselves once more with these grave questions could te useless or Indiffer ent We simply challenge the thinker to find way to wait till be has un earthed these foundations before be does an act of humanity, of honesty r dishonesty, of valor or cowardice. And most of all do we wish to formu late a reply for all the insincere who have never tried to philosophize and for ourselves when we would offer our state of philosophic doubt in Justifica tion of our practical omissions. From the simple fact that we are men, be fore all theorizing, positive or negative, about duty, we bttj the peremptory law to conduct ourselves like men. There is no getting out of It But be little knows the resources of the human heart who counts on the effect of such a reply. It matters uot that It Is itself unanswerable. It can not keep other questions from arising. The sum of our pretexts for evading duty is equal to the sum of the sands of the sea or the stars of heaven We take refuge, then, behind duty that is obscure, difficult, contradictory, And these are certainly words to call up painful memories. To be a man of duty and to question one's route, grope in the dark, feel oneself torn between the contrary solicitations of conflicting calls, or, again, to face a duty gigantic, overwhelming, beyond our strength what it harder! And such things hap pen. e would neither deny nor con test the tragedy in certain situations or the anguish of certain lives. And yet duty rarely has to make itself plain across such conflicting circumstances or to be struck out from the tortured mind like lightning from a storm cloud. Such formidable shocks are ex ceptional. Well for us If we stand stanch when they come! But if no one is astonished that oaks are uprooted by the whirlwind, that a wayfarer stumbles at night on an unknown road or that a soldier caught between two fires is vanquished, no more should he condemn without appeal those who have been worsted In almost superhu man moral conflicts. To succumb un der the force of numbers or obstacles has never been counted a disgrace. So my weapons are at the service of those who intrench themselves behind the Impregnable rampart of duty ill defined, complicated or contradictory. But it is not thot which occupies me today; it is of plnln-I had almost said easy duty that I wish to speak. We have yearly three or four high feast days and many ordinary ones. There are likewise some very great and dark combats to wage, but beside these Is the multitude of pluin and simple duties. Now, while in the great en counters our equipment is generally adequate, It is precisely in the little emergencies that we are found want ing. Ithout fear of being misled by a paradoxical form of thought, I af firm, then, that the essential thine is to fulfill our simple duties and exercise elementary Justice. In general, those who lose their souls do so not because they full to rise to difficult duty, but because they neglect to perform that which is simple. Let us illustrate this truth. He who tries to penetrate into the humble underworld of society Is not siow to discover great misery, physical and moral. And the closer he looks the greater number of unfortunates does he discover, till In the end this assembly of the wretched appears to turn like a great black world, in whose presence the indivlduul and his means of relief are reduced to helplessness. It Is true that he feels Impelled to run to the succor of these unfortunates, but at the same time he asks himself, "What Is the use?" The case is cer- tulnly heartrending. Some, in despair, end by doing nothing. They luck neither pity nor good Intention, but these bear no fruit. They are wrong. Often a man has not the means to do good on a large scale, but that is not a reason, for falling to do it at all. So many people absolve themselves from any action on the ground that there is too much to do! They should be re called to simple duty, and this duty in the case of which we speak is that each one, according to his resources, leisure and capacity, should create re lations for himself among the world's disinherited. There are people who bv the exercise of a little good will have succeeded In enrolling themselves among the followers of ministers and have Ingratiated themselves with princes. Why should you not succeed In forming relations with the poor. and lu making acquaintances among the workers who lack somewhat the ne cessities of life? When a few families ure known, with their histories, their antecedents and their difficulties, you may" be of the greatest use to them by acting the part of a brother with the moral and material aid that is yours to give. It is true you will have attiteked only one little corner, but you will have done what you could and perhaps have led another on to follow you. Instead of stopping at the knowledge that much wretched ness, hatred, disunion and vice exist lu society you will have introduced a little good among these evils. And by however slow degrees such kindness at yours is emulated the good will sensi bly Increase and the evil diminish. Even were you to remain alone in this undertaking you would have the as surance that In fulfilling the duty, plain as a child's, which offered itself you were doing the only reasonable thing. If you have felt it so, you hav found out one of the secrets of right living. In Its dreams man's ambition em braces vast limits, but It is rarely giv en us to achieve great things, and even then a quick and sure success alwayi rests on a groundwork of patient prep- ration. Fidelity In small things Is at the base of every great achievement We too often forget this, and yet nc truth needs more to be kept in mind, particularly in the troubled eras of his tory and In the crises of individual life In shipwreck a splintered beam, at oar, any scrap of wreckage, saves us Ou the tumbling waves of life, wher everything seems shattered to frag meats, let us not forget that a slnglt one of these poor bits may become out plank of safety. To despise the rein nants is demoralization. Announcement. I intend to retire from business, and wish to close out my stock of General Merchandise as soon as possible, for cash. I will buy no more goods, and wish to collect all accounts due as soon as possible. GEO. P. CROWELL. jw. hill & son DO ALL KINDS OF REPAIRING. Furniture and cabinet work made to order. Saw filing, Plating, Framing and Fancy Inlaid work done. We have on hand some im proved wmdi benches, sleds for the boys, etc. We are located at East Oak street. Call and see us. MILWAUKEE NURSERIES C. T. RAWS0N. I F. H. STANTON HOOD RIVER NURSERY. Stock Grown on Full Roots. We desire to let our friends and patrons know that for the fall planting we will have and can sup ply in any number Cherry, Pear,Apricot,Peach& Plum Trcei GRAPES, CURRANTS, BERRY PLANTS, Shade and Ornamental Trees. Also, all the standard varieties of apple trees. Can supply the trade with plenty of Newtown, Spitzen berg and Jonathan apple trees. RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Or. e Lnve&i.iu; Yellow Newton Pippin and tSiiluenlierir Aii.le Ticcs, also a funeral va riety ii Krult 1 nes lor mle tor the oomlng reason, and we are going to Bell thein at reasonable p ia:. Our 'iiei't. an- lust clans and True to Name. Ural e.1 on w hole roots, with scioni tare lully ttlortvd Horn some of the beat bear ing uici.atdK In Uoou Klver Valley. 6euU for prices to MILWAUKEE NURSERIES Milwaukee, Oregon F.E. 3TRANG N.B.HARVEY, local Ationt Proprietor . S. GOBSEY, Blacksmith and Wagon Maker liorse-Sliocing and Repair Work A SPECIALTY. HOOD RIVER HEIGHTS. CENTRAL MARKET MAYES BROS., Proprietors. Dealers in AH Kinds of Fresh, Cured r and Canned Meats. Headquarters for Vegetables and Fruits. E. R. Bradley PRINTING HIGH GRADE PAMPHLET AND COMMERCIAL WORK PKOMPTLY PERFORMED PKfKS ALWAYS BIUIT We are here to do your work today tomorrow and every other day, and our money (what little we have) ia spent in Hood River. We want your work and can do it neatly and A SATISFACTORILY . SNOW & UPSON For All Kinds of Grubbing Supplies, Wood Choppers and Loggers Tools A full line of stock always on hand. uoea your Horse interfere? Bring him in. No cure no pay HfSM fed v t ... . . - . Livery, Feed and Draying. Horws IxHight, sold or exchanged. Pleasure parties can secure flrst-elass rlga. Spe cial attention given to moving Furniture and Pianos. Ws do everything horses can do. HOOD RIVER, OREGON. CliicBKO Ipiiit t.nke, Denver, SaSp.m. fortland H. Worili, Omaha, Special I Krubks Ciiy, St. :16 a. n. I I.nui9,ChicaKoand 1-asL HuntiiiKton.i At'antio 'gait Lake, Denver, t:00a. m. Express 1 1. Worth, Omaha, 8:15 p.m. Kansax City, Bt. l onls.i hicairoaud Huntington, hast. , Walla Walla, LewiH. Ft. I Hill ton, Spokane, Wal- 7:lSa.m. Fast Mail lft,e, 1'ullman, 6;lfp. m. Minneapolis, Bt. via 1'aul. Duluih, Mil Spokane waukee, Chicago and fcast. 0. L. GILBERT, Proprietor. C. F. GILBERT, Manager. M ooa note HOOD RIVER, OREGON. Headquarters for Tourists & Commercial Travelers Regular Rates. 91.25 to $2.50 per day. Sbecial Rates by Week or Month. Stages leave dally for Cloud Cap Inn during July, August and September. 70 HOURS PORTLAND TO CHICAGO No Change of Cars. Lowest Ratei. Quickest Tims. OCEAN AND RIVER SCHEDULE JllOM l'OliTUNU, tint p.m. All tailing dates ui'ji ct to chauge for Ban Francisco fcail every 6 daj-a S. J. FRANK Dealer in 1 lamessocoaaaies All Repairing Promptly Attended to t-Mfr r nnrrn uwu k,vdk OREGON Dally Ex.Hmulay mho t. m. ratiirday 10.00 p. m. 6:4fa.m. Hon., Wed. aud in. ' Columbia Rlvw dlaamarft. To Antnrla and Way Landinga. 7:00 a.m. Tun., Thnr. ana but. TILTON BROS. MANUFACTURERS OF GALVANIZED IRON I.v. Rlparia 4 n a. m. Wlliamatla Rivar. Salem, Indepen dence, Corvallla ana way landings 6:00 p, nv 5:00 p. m. Kx. Buudar .1:80 p. m. Tue., Tb.u Yamhill Rim. Oregon City, Dayton aud way lauding. Snakt Rlotr. 4:90 p. m. Hon., Wed. and Fri. I.r.La wliton uu TIN AND GRAVEL CORNICES ROOFING NORTHWESTERN AGENTS FOR ROYAL WARM AIR (To heconilmiert.) That Tickling In lm Throat. One minute alter taking One Minute Cough Cure that tickling in the !lirHt Is gone. It acts in the throat not the stomach. Harmless gimd for children. Sold by G. E. Williams. FURNACES 105-107 North Fifth St. PORTLAND, OREGON. PSoe a Royal Furnace set up at Norton & Smith's Plumbing Shop. Daily except lilparia to Lewlaton ILll- baiurduy i i yrfcUjr. A. L. CRAIG, Ctueral I'aaaenser Agent. Portland, Of T. J. K I.N.N AlltD, Aitent, Hood RiTer. YEARS' 50 1 "1 r Trade Marks 1 t""l , c 1 r u n ' Cnpvnir.uT. Xt. r. "'"""in f.r ..pinion free whelher X tin trilyr..i,i(Hillai. Handbook on PalenU I'litTOta taken thr.,uilh Wunn 4 Ca recei ,-p-a.ti((, without charra, tn the rece,Ta Sciiific Mmrkm. A hanitimmolT llln.tratert weekly. Ijiraeat rtr ra m,..! ,,f any wientiBc Journal. Term. J , OlBoc. mrsu Waahliito" D. C. h:um tlrancb