im isi
Text of President's
iwal Address.
An-
POLICY I.N THE nilUPHXES
Ilehellloa Is Nearly Knded nl Make
lteuminriatlon fur Future Govern
ment All UovirniiKiili Arslfrlumlly
to tlx lulled Btates-Favors Gold.
To the Senate and House of Representa
tives: At the threshold of your deliberations
you are called to mourn with your coun
trymen the death of Vlee-Pru:dent llo
hart. who oassed from this life on the
morning of November 21 last. His great
soul now rests In eternal peace. His pri
vate life was pure and elevated, while his
public career was ever distinguished by
large capacity, stainless Integrity and ex
ulted motives. He has been removed from
the high oiriee which he honored and dig
nified, but his lofty character, hi devo
tion to duty, his honesty of purpose and
noble virtues remain with us as a price
less legacy and example.
COVUITIO OK TIIK t'Ot'WTKV.
Prosperity at Home and I'euce With
All Governments.
The 66th congress convenes In Its first
regular session with the country In a
condition of unusuul prosperity, of uni
versal good-will among the people at
home arid relations of peace and frie'.d
shlp with every government of the world.
Our foreign commerce has shown great
Increase In volume and value. The com
bined Imports and export for the year
are the largest ever shown by a single
year In all our history. Our exports for
1MW alone exceeded by more than H.OuU,
oou.ouu our Imports and exports combined
In 1870. The Imports per capita are 20 per
cent less than in 1S70, while the exports
per eapita are W per cent more than In
1K70, showing the enlarged capacity of the
United States to sallHfy the wants oi us
own Increasing population, as well as to
contribute to those of the peoples of other
nations. Exports of agricultural products
were STH4.7Tfl.142. Of manufactured prod
ucts we exported In value JM,51i2,Hti, be
ing larger than any previous year. It I
a noteworthy fact that the only years In
all our history when the products of our
manufactures sold abroad exceeded those
bought abroad were 18U8 and 1891).
FIXAXCB9 OK THE KATIO.
receipts and Disbursements for the
Last Fiscal Vrar.
Government receipts from all sources fur
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1810. includ
ing $I1,7SM,314 14, part payment of the Cen
tral Pacific Indebtedness, aggregated J10,
hS!,0O4 35. Of this sum, customs receipts
were IJU,12!i,4l 75, and those from Inter
nal revenue 1273,437,161 SI. Kor the fiscal
year the expenditures were 7O0,01i3,5G4 02,
leaving a deficit of 1S9,111,55 67.
The secretary of the treusury estimates
that the receipts for the current fiBcai
year will aggregate J640.a5S.112, and upon
the basis of present appropriations the ex
penditures will aggregate ).!I58,112, leav
ing $10,000,000. For tho fiscal year ended
June 30, INii'J, the Internal revenue receipts
were Increased about JlOO.OOO.OOO.
TIIK GOLDSTAMJAHD.
A Kitting- Time to Make Provision for
Its Contlnnanee.
I urgently recommend that, to support
the existing gold standard and to main
tain the parity In value of the coins of
the two metals (gold and sliver) and the
equal power of every dollar at all times
In the market and In the payment of
debts, the secretary of the treasury he
given additional power and charged with
the duty to sell United States bonds and
to employ uch other effective means as
may be necessary to these ends. The au
thority should Include the power to sell
bonds on long and short time, a condi
tions may require, and should provide
for a rate of interest lower than that
fixed by the act of January 14, 1875. While
there U now no commercial fright which
withdraws gold from the government,
but, on the contrary, such widespread
confidence that gold seeks the treasury,
demanding paper money In exchange, yet
the very situation points to the present as
the most fitting time to make adequate
provision to Insure the continuance of the
gold standard and of public confidence In
the ability and purpose of the govern
ment to meet all Its obligations In the
money which the civilized world recog
nizes as the best.
Ollt MEItt'HAXT MARINE.
Industrial Greatness Should He Sup
plemented by Sea Progress.
The value of an American merchant ma
rine to the extension of our commerc at
trade and the strengthening of our power
upon the sea invites the Immediate action
of congress. Our national development
will be one-sided and unsatisfactory so
long as the remarkable growth of our In
land Industries remains unaccompanied
by progress on the sea. There Is no lack
of constitutional authority for legislation
which shall give to the country maritime
strength commensurate with Its Indus
trial achievements and with its rank
among nations of the earth. The past
year has recorded exceptional activity in
our shipyards, and the promises of con
tinual prosperity In shipbuilding are abun
dant. Advanced legislation for the protec
tion of our seamen has been enacted. Our
coast trade, under regulations wisely
framed at the beginning of the govern
ment and since, shows results for the past
fiscal year unequaled In our records or
those of any other power. We shall fall
to realize our opportunities, however, If
we complacently regard oifly matters at
home and blind ourselves to the necessity
of securing our share in the valuable car
rying trade of the world.
Last year American vessels transported
a smaller share of our exports and Imports
than during any former year in all our
history, and the measure of our depend
ence upon foreign shipping was painfully
manifested to our people. Without any
choice of our own, but from necessity, the
departments of the government charged
with military and naval operations In the
Kast and In the West Indies had to ob
tain from foreign flags merchant vessels
essential for these operations.
mOBLBM OK THE TRUSTS.
Reed of Early Amendment of the Ex
1st In a; I .att.
Combinations of capital, organized Into
trusts to control the conditions of trade
among our citizens, to stifle competition,
limit production, and determine the prices
of products consumed by the people, are
provoking public discussion and should
early claim the attention of congress. The
Industrial commission created by the
act of congress of June 18,
has been engaged in extended hearings
. 'Zrr ns Ton. in rZ
stralnt of trade and competition. They
have not yet completed the investigation
of this sublect. and the conclusions and
recommendations at which they may ar- i consideration of the Spanish war, the re
rlve are undetermined. The subject is one j suits It wrought, and the conditions it im
glving rise to many divergent views as to posed for the future. I am gratified to
the nature and variety or cause and ex- announce that the treaty of peace has re
tent of the Injuries to the public which stored friendly relations between the two
may arise from large combinations eon- powers. Effect has been given to Its most
eantratlnar more or less numerous enter- I Important provisions. The evacuation of
prises and establishments, which previous
to the formation of the combination were
carried on separately. It is universally
conceded that combinations which engross
or control the market of any particular
kind of merchandise or commodity neces
sary to the general community by sup-
nrealnf natural and ordinary oompell-
Hon. whereby prices are unauiy ennancea
to the general consumer, are obnoxious
not only to the common law. but also to
the public welfare. There must be a rem
edy for the evils Involved In such organ
isations. If the present law can be ex
tended more certainly to control or check
these monopolies or trusts, It should be
done without delay. Whatever power the
congress possesses over tide most Import
ant subject should be promptly ascer
tained and asserted.
KOKKICN RELATIONS.
No Dispute of Krrlons Character With
Any Government.
A review of our relations with foreign
states Is presented, with such recom
.,...,i..ii.,t. ri am deemed aouroprlatc.
In my last annual message I adverted
to the claim of the Austro-Hungarian
government for Indemnity for tne aiiiing
of certain Austrian and Hungarian sub
jects by the authorities of the state of
Pennsylvania, at Lattlmer, while sup
pressing an unlawful tumult of miners,
September 10, 1107. In view of the verdict
of acquittal rendered by the court before
which the sheriff and hU deputies were
tried for murder, and following the estab
lished doctrine that the government may
not he held accountable for Injuries suf
fered by Individuals at the hands of the
public authorities while acting In the line
of duty In suppressing disturbances of the
public peace, thiB government, after duo
consideration of the claim advanced ny
the Austro-Hungnrlan government, was
constrained to decline liability to Indem
nify the sufferers.
It Is gratifying to be able to announce
that the Ite Iglan government has mitigated
the restrictions on the Importation of
cattle from the United States, to which I
referred In my last annual message.
K1CAIIAGIA CANAL.
Status of the Nea-otlatlona for !
Inter-Ocran Waterway.
The contract of the Maritime Canal
Company, of Nicaragua, was declared
forfeited by the Nicaragua government
on the 10th of October, on the ground of
nonfulfillment within the 10-year term
stipulated In the contract. The Maritime
Canal Company has lodged a protest
Hgalnst this action, alleging rights In the
premises which appear worthy of con
sideration. This government expect that
Nicaragua will afford the protostanti a
full and fair hearing upon the moiits of
the case.
The Nicaragua canal commission,
which has been engaged upon the work
of examination and survey of a ship canal
route across Nicaragua, having completed
Its labors and made Its report, was dis
solved on May 21, and on June 10 a
new commission, known as the Isthmian
canal commission, was organized under
the terms of the act approved March
3, 1899, for the purpose of examining the
American Isthmus with a view to deter
mining the most practicable and feasible
route for a hlp canal across that Isth
mus, with Its probable cost and other
enentlal details. This commission, un
der the presidency of Itear-Admlral John
(1. Walker, United States navy (retired),
entered promptly upon the work Intrusted
to It, and Is now carrying on examina
tions In Nicuragua along the route of the
Panama canal, and in Darlen from the
Atlantic In the neighborhood of the Artrlo
river to the hay of Panama, on the Pa
cific side. Good progress has been made,
but under the law a comprehensive and
complete Investigation is called for, which
will require much laboi and considerable
time for Its accomplishment. The work
will be prosecuted as expeditiously as
possible, and a report may be expected
at the earliest practicable date.
The great Importance of this work can
not be too often or too Btrongly pressed
: .u ... , ,h r., i mv
upon ".""" " ... ... '
message of a year ago I expressed my
views of the. neceslty or a canal wnicn
would link the two great oceans, to which
I again Invite your consideration. The
reasons then presented for early action
are even stronger now.
GREAT BRITAIN AM) CANADA.
Alaska Fonndnry Contention and
Othr I mettled Questions.
In my last annual message, I referred to
the pending negotiations with Great Hrit
ain In respect to the Dominion of Canada.
Hy means of an executive agreement, a
Joint high commission had 'been created
for the purpose of adjusting all unsettled
questions between the United States and
Canada, embracing 12 subjects, among
which were the questions of the fur seals,
the fisheries of the coast and contiguous
Inland waters, the Alaska boundary, the
transit of merchandise In bond, the alien
labor laws, mining rights, reciprocity In
trade, revision of the agreement resist
ing naval vessels In the Great Lakes, a
more complete marking of parts of the
boundary, provision for the conveyance of
criminals, and for wrecking and salvage.
Much progress had been made by the
commission toward the adjustment of
many of these questions, when It became
apparent that an Irreconcilable difference
of views was entertained respecting the
delimitation of the Alaska boundary. In
the failure of an agreement to the mean
ing of articles 111 and Iv of the treaty of
IMS between Russia and Great Britain,
which defined the boundary between Alas
ka and Canada, the American commission
ers proposed that the subject of the
boundary be laid aside, and that the re
maining questions of difference be pro
ceeded with, some of which were so far
advanced as to assure the probability of a
settlement. This being declined by the
British commissioners, an adjournment
wns taken until the boundary should be
adjusted by the two governments. The
subject has been receiving the careful at
tention which Its Importance demands,
with the result that a modus Vivendi for
provisional demarkatlons In the region
about the head of Lynn canal has been
agreed upon, and It Is hoped that the
negotiations now In progress between the
two governments will end In an agree
ment for the establishment and delimita
tion of a permanent boundary.
Attitude In Anitlo-Iloer War.
Apart from these questions growing out
of our relationship with our northern
neighbor, the most friendly disposition
and ready agreement have marked the
discussion of the numerous matters aris
ing in the vast and Intimate Intercourse
of the United States with Great Britain.
This government has maintained an atti
tude of neutrality In the unfortunate con
test between Great Britain and the Boer
states of Africa. We have remained
faithful to the precept of avoiding en
tangling alliances as to affairs not of our
own direct concern. Had circumstances
suggested that the parties to the quarrel
would have welcomed any kind expression
of the hope of the American people that
the war might be averted, good offices
would have been gladly tendered. The
United States representative at Pretoria
was early Instructed to see that all neutral
American Interests be respected by the
combatants. This has been an easy task,
In view of the positive declarations of
both British and Boer authorities that the
personal and property rights of our citi
zens should be observed.
Upon the withdrawal of the British
agent from Pretoria, the United Slates
consil was authorized, upon the request
of the British government, and with the
assent of the South African and Orange
Free State governments, to exercise the
customary good offices of a neutral for
the care of British Interests. In the dis
charge of this function I am happy to say
that abundant opportunity has been af
forded to show the Impartiality of this
government to both the combatants for
the fourth time in the present decade.
THE WEST INDIES.
PaelOcatlo- -nd Government of Cob.
Progress Made,
My annual message of last year was
necessarily devoted In great part to a
Puerto Rico having already been accom
plished on the ISth of October, 189S. noth
ing remained necessary there but to con
tinue the provisional military control of the
island until the congress should enact a
I suitable government for the ceded terri
tory. Of the character and scope of the
) measures to that end I (hall treat In an
nther nnrt of this message,
The withdrawal of the authority of Spain
from the Island of Cuba was effected by
the 1st of January, so that the full re-es-tabllshment
of peace found the relinquished
territory, held by us n trust lor the in
habitants, maintaining under the direction
of the executive such government and con
trol therein as should conserve public or
der, reBtore the productive conditions of
peace, long disturbed by the Instability and
disorder which prevailed for tho greater
part of the preceding three decades, and
build up that tranquil development of the
domestic state whereby alone can be re
alized the hlch iiuruoae. as proclaimed
In the Joint resolution odopted by the
congress on the lath of April, lS'.W, by which
tho United States disclaimed any disposi
tion or Intention to exercise sovereignly,
Jurisdiction or control over Cuba, except
for the pacltlcntlun thereof, and asserted
Its determination when that was accom
plished to leave the government and con
trol of the Island to Its people. The
pledgo contained In this resolution Is of
the highest honorable obligation and muat
be sacredly kept.
I believe that substantial progress has
been made In this direction. All the ad
ministrative measures adopted In Cuba
have aimed to tit It for a regenerated ex
istence by enforcing the supremacy of law
and Justice; by placing where It la practi
cable the machinery of administration In
the hand of the Inhajittants; by Institut
ing needed sanitary reforms, by spreading
education, by fostering Industry and trade,
by Inculcating publlo morality, and In
short taking every rational step to uld the
Cuban people to attain to that plane of
self-conscious respect and self-reliant
unity which fit an enlightened community
for self-government within its own spuem,
while enabling It to fulfill all outward
obligations.
Obligations (o Cuba Must tie Kept.
This nation has assumed before the
world a grave responsibility for the fu
ture good government of Cuba. We have
accented a trut. the fulfillment of which
calls for the sternest Integrity of purpose
and the exercise of the highest wisdom.
The new Cuba yet to arise fiom the ashes
of the past must needs be bound to us uy
ties of singular Intimacy and strengtn, u
Its enduring welfare Is to be assured.
Whether these ties shall be organla or con
ventional, the destinies of Cuba are In
some rightful lorm ana manner uio-
vocably linked with our own, but how ana
how far Is for the future to determine in
the ripeness of events. Whatever be the
outcome, we must see to It that free Cuba
h a reality, not a name: a perfeot entity,
not a hasty experiment bearing within
itaelf the elements of failure, Our mis.
slon, to accomplish which wo took
up the gage of battle, Is not
to be fulfilled by turning adrift any
loosely framed commonwealth to face the
vicissitude which too often attend weak
er states, whose natural wealth and abun
dant resources are offset by the Incongrui
ties of their political organization and the
recurring occasions for Internal rivalries to
sap their strength and dissipate their en
ergies. The greatest Diessing wnicn can
enm to Cuba Is Oie restoration of her ag
ricultural and industrial prosperity, which
will give employment to Idle men and
re-establish the pursuits of peace. This la
her chief and Immediate need. On tho
ith at luat Auaust alt order was made for
the taking of the census In the Island, to
be completed on the 30th of November.
THE PHILIPPIXB QIESTIOX.
Acquisition of the Islands The Flit,
plno Insurrection.
On the 10th of December. 1898, the treaty
of oeace between the United States and
Spain wa signed. It provided, among
other things, that 8palti should cede to
the United Slates the archipelago known
as the Philippine islands, that the United
States Bhould pay to Spain the turn or WK
ooo.ooo. and that the civil rights ana po.iu
I ' ,. , ,h. ,iva inhabitants of
the territories thus ceded to the United
States should be determined by the ion
gress. The treaty was ratified by the sen
ntn on the 6th of February, 189S, and by
the iravernment of Spain on the 19th cf
March following. The ratifications were
eichanned on the 11th of April, and the
treatv nublicly Droclalmed. On the 2d of
March, the congress voted the sum con
templated by the treaty, and the amount
was Dald over to the Spanish government
on the 1st of May. In this manner the
Philippines came to the United States. The
Islands were ceded by the government of
Snaln. which had been In undisputed pos
session of them for centuries. They were
accented not merely by our authorized
commissioners In Parte, under the direction
of the executive, but by the constitutional
and well-considered action of the repre
sentatlves of the people of the United
States In both houses of congress.
I had every reason to believe, and I still
believe, that this transfer of sovereignty
was In accordance with the wishes and
the aspirations of the great maBS of the
FIllDlno people. From the earliest momep
no opportunity was lost of assuring the
people of the islands of our ardent desire
for their welfare and of the Intention of
this government to do everything posslbl
to advance their Interests. In my order of
the lth of May, 1808, the commander of
the military expedition dispatched to in
Philippines was Instructed to declare that
we came not to make war on tne people
of the country, "nor upon any part or
faction among them, 'but to protect them
In their homes, In their employments and
In their personal and religious rights
That there should be no doubt as to th
paramount authority there, on the V"th
of August, It was directed that "there
must be no Joint occupation with the In
surgents"; that the United States must
preserve the peace and protect persons
ani proprty within the territory eecu
pied by 4helr 'military and naval forces
that the Insurgents and all others must
recognize the military occupation and au- j
thority of the United States. As early as I
December 4, before the cession and In an
ticipation of that event, the commander In
Manila was urged to restore peace and
tranquility, and to undertake the estab
lishment of a beneflcient government,
which should afford the fullest security
for life and property.
On the 21stof December, after the treaty
was signed, the commander of the forces
of occupation was Instructed "to announce
and proclaim. In the most public manner,
i that we come, not as Invaders and con
- querors, but as friends to protect the na
tives In their homes, In their employments
and In their personal and religious
rights." The same day, while ordering
General Otis to Bee that peace should be
preserved in Ho Ho, he was admonished
that: "It Is most Important that there
should be no conflict with the Insurgents."
On the first day of January, 1899, general
orders reiterated that the kindly Inten
tions of this government should In every
possible way, be communicated to the
Insurgents.
The Philippine Commission.
On the 21st of January, I announced my
Intention of dispatching to Manila a com
mission composed of three gentlemen of
the highest character and distinction,
thoroughly acquainted with the Orient,
who, In association with Admiral Dewey
and Major-General Otis, were instructed
to "facilitate the most humane and ef
fective ends and to secure, with the least
possible delay, the benefits of a wise and
generous protection of life and proeprty to
the inhabitants." These gentlemen were
I jLr. jhl-ou viouiu Dcnurman, presiaeni ot
Cornell university; tne Hon. Charles Den
by, for many years mlnls'er to China,
and Professor Dean C. Worcester, of the
university of Michigan, who had made
a most careful study of life In the Phil
ippines. While the treaty of peace was under
consideration In the senate, these comm.s
sloners set out on their mission of good
will and liberation. Their character was a
sufficient guaranty of the beneflcient pur
pose with which they went, even if they
had not borne the positive instructions of
this government which made their errand
pre-eminently one of peace and friendship.
But before their arrival In Manila, the
s'nMer ambition of a few leaders of the
Filipinos had created a situation full of
embarrassments for us and most grievouj
In Its consequences to themselves.
The clear and Impartial preliminary re
port of the corrailssioners. which I trans
mit herewith, gives so lucid and compre
hensive a history of the present Insurrec
tionary movement that the story neeTI
not be here repeated. It Is enough to say
that the claim of the rebel leader, that
he was promised Independence by any
officer of the United States In return for
his assistance has no foundation In fact,
and la categorically denied by th very
witnesses who tvir called to prove It.
The most the Insurgent leader hoped for
when he tame back to Manila was the
liberation of the Islands from the Spanish
control, which they had been laboring for
years, without success, to throw off.
Oull.reuk of the Insurrection.
The prompt accomplishment of this
work by the American army and navy
gave him other ideas and ambitions, and
liiKidlous suggestions from various quar
ters pervnrted the purposes and Intentions
with which he had taken up arms. No
sooner had our army captured Manila than
the Filipino forces began to assume an
ttltude of suspicion and hostility, wnicn
the utmost efforts of our officers aim
rnops were unable to disarm or modify.
Their kindness and forbearance was taken
n a proof of eown.rdlce. The aggression
of tho Filipinos contlnunlly Increased, un
til, Anally. Just before the tlmo set tor ins
senato of the United States to vote upon
the treaty, an attack, evidently prepares
In advance, was mnde all along tne
Amerienn lines, which resulted In a tcrrl-
ly destructive and sanguinary repuiso or
the Insurgents.
Ten days later an order of the Insurgent
government was Issued to Its adherents
who hnd remnlned In Manila, of which
General Otis lustlv observes that "for
barbarous Intent it Is unequaled In mod
ern times." Tt directs that at o'clock
on the night of the 14th of February, the
territorial militia shall come togetner in
the streets of San Pedro, armed with
their bolos. with guns and ammunition
where convenient: that Filipino families
only shall be .respected; that all other
Individuals, of whatever race they may
be. shall bo exterminated without any
compwslon, Rfter the extermination of
the army of occupation, and adds:
Brothers, we must avenge ourselves on
the Americans . and exterminate mem,
that we mnv take our revenge for the
Infamies and truarherlea which they hnve
committed upon us. Have no compassion
upon them; atta'k.wlth vigor.
A copy of this fell, by good fortune,
Into the hands of our offlceirs, and they
were able to take measures to control the
rising, which whs actually attempted on
the night of February 22, a week later
than was originally contemplated. A con
siderable number of armed Insurgents en-
tered the city by waterways and swamps.
nd. In concert with confederates instite,
attempted to destroy Manila by fire. Thev
wore kept In check during the night, and
the next day driven out of the city, with
heavy loss.
What the Commission Fonnd.
This wns the unhappy condition of af
fairs which confronted our commissioners
on their arrival in Manila. They had
come with the hope and Intention of ex
oneration with Admiral Dewey and Ma-
Jor-General Otis In establishing peace and
order In the archipelago, and the largest
measure of self-government compatible
with the true welfare of the people. What
they actually found can best be et forth
In their own words:
'Denlorable as war Is, the one In which
we are now engaged was unavoidable by
us. We were attacked by a bold, adven.
turous and enthusiastic army. No alter
native was left us, except Ignominious
retreat. It Is not to be conceived of that
any American would have sanctioned the
surrender of Mnnlla ta the Insurgents.
Our obligations to other nations and to
the friendly Filipinos and to ourselves Biid
our flag demanded that force should be
met with force. Whatever the future of
the Philippines may be. there Is no course
open to us now except the prosecution of
the war until the Insurgents are reduced
to submission. The commission Is of the
opinion that there has been no time since
the destruction of the Spanish squadron
by Admirnl Dewey when It was possible
to withdraw our farces from the Islands
either with honor to ourselves or with
safety to the Inhabitants."
The course thus clearly Indicated has
be.en unflinchingly pursued. The rebel
lion must be put down. Civil government
cannot be thoroughly established until
order Is restored. M'lth devotion nnd
gallantry worthy of Its most brilliant
history, the Birmy, ably and loyally as
siFted by the navy, has carried on this un
welcome but most righteous campaign
with richly deserved success. The noble
self -sacrifice with which our soldiers and
sailors, whose terms of service had ex
pired, refused to avail themselves of their
right to return hotte as long as they were
needed at the front, forms one of the
brightest pages in our annals. Although
their operations have been somewhat In
terrupted and checked by a ealny season
of unusual violence and duration, they
have gained ground Btendlly In every di
rection, and now look forward confidently
to a speedy completion of their task. ,
The unfavorable circumstances con
nected with an active campaign have not
been permitted to interfere with the
equally Important work of reconstruc
tion. Again I Invite your attention to the
report of the commissioners for the Inter
esting and encouraging details of the
work already accomplished In the es
tablishment of peace and order and the
Inauguration of self-governing municipal
life In many portion of the archipelago.
Civil Government la Negro.
A notable beginning has been made In
the establishment of a government In
the Island of Negros, which is deserving
of special consideration. This was the
first island to accept American sovereign
ty. Its people unreservedly proclaimed
allegiance to the United States, and
adopted a constitution looking to the es
tablishment of a popular government. It
was Impossible to guarantee to the peo
ple of Negros that the constitution so
adopted should be the ultimate form of
government. Such a question, under the
treaty with Spain and In accordance with
our own constitution and laws, came ex
clusively under the Jurisdiction of con
gress. The government actually set up
by the Inhabitants of Negros eventually
proved unsatisfactory to the natives them
selves. A new system was put Into force
by order of the major-general command
ing the department, of which the fol
lowing are the most Important elements:
It was ordered that the government of
the Island of Negros should consist of a
military governor, appointed by the
United States military governor of the
Philippines, and a civil governor and an
advisory council elected by the people. The
military governor wag authorized to ap
point secretaries of the treasury, Interior,
agriculture, public Instruction, an attorney-general
and an auditor. The seat of
government was fixed at Bacolor. The
military governor exercises the supreme
executive power. He is to see that the
laws are executed, appoint to offices and
fill all vacancies In office not otherwise
provided for, and may, with the approval
of the military governor of the Philip
pines, remove any officer from office. The
civil governor advises the military gov
ernor on all public and civil questions,
and presides over the advisory council.
He, m general, performs the duties which
are performed by secretaries of state In
our own system of government. The ad
visory council consists of eight members
elected by the people within territorial
limits, which are defined in the order of
the commanding generaj.
Agreement With Sultan of Sola.
The authorities of the Sulu islands have
accepted the succession of the United
States to the rights of Spain, and our flag
floats over that territory. On the 10th
of August, 1S99, Brigadier-General Bates,
United States volunteers, negotiated an
agreement with the sultan and his prin
cipal chiefs, which I transmit herewith.
Rebellion Nearly Ended.
I communicate these facts to the con
gress for Its Information and action.
Everything Indicates that with the speedy
suppression ot the Tagal rebellion, life In
the archipelago will soon assume its ordi
nary course under the protection of our
sovereignty, and the people of those fa
vored Islands will enjoy a prosperity and
a freedom which they have never before
known. Already hundreds of schools are
open and filled with children, n-eugious
freedom Is sacredly assured and enjoyed,
and the courts are dispensing Justice.
Business la beginning to circulate in Its
accustomed channels. Manila, whose In
habitants were fleeing to the country a
few months ago, Is now a populous and
thriving mart of commerce. The earnest
and unremitting endeavors of the com
mission and the admiral and major-general
commanding the department of the
Pacific, to assure the people of the benefi
cent Intentions of this government have
had their legitimate effect lr convincing
the great mass of them that peace and
safety and prosperity and stable govern
ment can only be found In a loyal accept,
anc of th authority oi tb United State.
The Dnly of Congress.
The future government ot the Philip
pines rests with the congress of the Unit
ed States. Few gTaver responsibilities
have ever been confided to us. If st
accept them In a spirit worthy of our race
and traditions, great opportunity comes
with them. The islands lie under the
shelter of our flag. They are ours by
every title of law and equity. They can
not be abandoned. If we desert them we
leave them nt once to anarchy and flnaJly
to barbarism. We fling them, a golden
apple of discord, among the rival powers,
no one of which would permit another to
seize them unquestioned. Their rich
plains and valleys would be the scene of
endleHB strife and bloodshed. The advent
of Dewey's fleet In Manila bay, Instead
of being, ns we hope, the dawn of a new
day of freedom and progress, would have
been the beginning ot an era of misery and
violence worse than any which tm dark
ened their unhappy past.
It dor not seem desirable that I should
recommend1 at this time a specific final
form of government for these Islands,
When peace shall be restored It will be the
duty of congress to construct a plan of
government which shall establish and
maintain freedom and order and peace In
the Philippines. The Insurrection Is still
existing, and when It terminates, further
Information will be required as to the
actual condition of affairs before Inaugu
rating a permanent scheme of civil gov
ernment. The full report of the commission, now
In preparation, will contain Information
and suggestions which will be of value to
congress, and which I will transmit as
soon as It Is completed. As long as the
Insurrection continues, the military arm
must necessarily be supreme.
I.AWI FOR ALASKA.
Necessity for Immediate Legislative
Action.
A necessity for Immediate legislative ao
tlon exists In the territory of Alaska
Substantially the only luw providing t
civil government for this territory la thl
act of May 17, 1884. This is meager In lti
provisions and Is fitted only for the ad
ministration of affairs In a country sparse
ly Inhabited by civilized people and unim
portant In trade and production, as was
Alaska at the time this act was passed.
The Increase In population by Immigra
tion during the past few years, consequenl
upon the discovery of gold, has "produced
such a condition as calls for more ample
facilities for local self-government and
more numerous conveniences of civil and
Judicial administration.
THB riURTO RICAX9.
Hardships Worked by the Lave at
Present In Force,
I recommend that legislation to the
same end be had with reference to Puerto !
Itlco. The time Is ripe for the adoption
of a temporary form of government for
this Island, and many suggestions made
with reference to Alaska are applicable
also to Puerto Rico. The system of civil
jurisprudence now udopted by the people
of this Island is described by competent
lawyers who are familiar with It, as
thoroughly modern and scientific, so far
as It relates to matters of Internal busi
ness, trado, production and social and
private rights In general. The cities of
tho Island are governed under charters
which probably require very little or no
change. So that with relation to matters
of local concern and private rights, It Is
not probable that much. If any, legislation
Is desirable; but with reforence to pub
lic administration and the relations of the
Islands to the federal government there
are many matters which are of pressing
urgency.
Her Prlnclpnl Mnrkels Closed.
It must be borne In mind that since the
cession Puerto Rico has been denied the
principal market Bhe had long en
Joyed, and our tariff, has been continued
against her products as when she wis un
der Spanish sovereignty. The marked of
Spain are closed to her products ex
cept upon terms to which the commerce
of all nations is subjected. Tho Island n'
Cuba, which used to buy her cuttle and
tobacco without customs duties, now Im
poses the same duties upon the.ie products
as from any other country entering her
ports. She has, therefore, lost her free in
tercourse with Spain and Cuba without
any compensating benefits In thU market.
Her coffee was little known and not In
use by our people, and theTeforo, there
was no demand here for this, one of her
chief product). The markets of the.Unlted
States should b opened up to her prod
ucts. Our plain duty Is to abolish all
customs tariffs between the United States
and Puerto Rico and give her product
free access to our markets.
As a result of the hurricane which
swept over Puerto Uleo on the 18th of
August, 1899, over 100.000 people were re
duced to absolute destitution, without
homes, and deprived of the necessaries of
life. To the appeal of the war department
the people of the United States made
prompt and generous response. In addi
tion to the private charity of our people,
the war department has expended for the
relief of the distressed t".92,342 63, which
does not Include the cost of transporta
tion. OTHKIl MATTERS DISCUSSED.
Mob Law Denounced Lynchluffs
Must Not lie Tolerated.
The love of law and sense of obedience
and submission to th lawfully consti
tuted tribunals are Imbedded In the
hearts of our people, and any viola
tion of these sentiments and disregard of
their obligations JuMy arouses publlo
condemnation. The guaranties of life, lib
erty and of civil rights should be faithfully
upheld; the right of trial by Jury re
spected and defended. The rule of the
courts should assure the public of the
prompt trial of those charged with crim
inal offense, and upon conviction the pun
ishment should be commensurate with
the enormity of the crime. Those who
In disregard of law and public peace,
unwilling to await the Judgment of court
and Jury, constitute themselves Judges
and executioners should not escape the
severest penalties of their crimes.
Extending; the Classified Service.
The executive order of May 6, 18, ex
tending the limits of the classified serv
ice, brought within tho operation of the
civil service law and rules nearly all of
the executive civil service not previously
classified. Some of the inclusions were
found wholly Illogical and unsulted to
the work of the several departments. The
application of the rules to many of the
places so Included was found to result
In friction and embarrassment. After long
and very thorough consideration, it be
came evident to the heads of the depart
ments responsible for their efficiency that
in order to remove these difficulties and
promote an efficient and harmonious ad
ministration, certain amendments were
necessary. These amendments were pro
mulgated by me In executive order dated
May 29, 1899.
Anntrersary of AVnsliInarton'a Death.
The 14th of December will be the one
hundredth anniversary of the death or
Washington. For a hundred years the re
public has had the priceless advantage
of the lofty standard of character and
conduct which he bequeathed to the
American people. It is an Inheritance
which time, instead of wasting, continu
ally Increases and enriches. We may
Justly hope that in the years to come the
benignant Influence of the father of hi
country may be even more potent for
good than In the century which Is draw
ing to a close. I have been glad to learn
that In many parts of the country tne
people will fittingly observe this historio
anniversary.
Presented to this congress are great op-
portunlties. With thera come great re-
sponsibllitles. The power confided to u
Increases tne weignt ot our oongauons to
the people, and we must be profoundly '
sensitive of them as we contemplate the
new and grave problem which confront
us. Aiming only at the public good, w
cannot err. A right Interpretation of th
people' will and of duty cannot fall to
insure wise measures wr tne weuars ol
the Islands which have come under the
authority of the United States, and lnurt
to the common Interest and lating honor
or our country. African financier and politician.
Never ha this nation had more abun- , it , . " . ,
dant cause than during th past year for ! During the early days of the Klmber
thankfulness to God for manifold bless- ley diggings It was the custom when a
lng- and mercle. for which w mak mner found a particularly fine gem to
rever.nt BUM.MgMa UKU I taTlti xbote about him to the ceremony
SHOPPING IN JAPAN.
ODD
CUSTOMS IN THE
DO'S EMPIRE.
MIKA-
K Btor la a Veritable Maze Tou
Must Ask for the Goods You Wish to
Inspect -It Costs More to Buy in
Large Quantities.
Japancgp are very fond of strolling
through thelp buitaara. You cuter at
one Uoor and leave by another. Goods
for sule aro displayed ou each sldu of
aisles that wind through the length of
the shop, rasalng up and down these
aisles they load you to the second, and
often third, story of the building, then
back again through different alslea,
causing you to travel the length of tho
establishment many times. Finally you
see the doorway a few feet distant, but
ven then you niust travel this maze
several times Its length to escape.
Usually shopping Is very restful In
Jupiiu. You sit around on the Boor, and
In some shops they bring you cups of
tea to sip and a 'hlbacbl" from which
to light your pipe.
Time Is of no consequence to the Ori
entals, nor are they enger to sell. Their
Ideas of trade aro very peculiar. You
are compelled to ask them whether you
cau see articles after their stating that
they have them In the s:ore. Ten pieces
of an article sometimes cost twelve
times the cost of one. They will not
sell 100 at a less rate, but Insist on your
paying extra because of the large Quan
tity desired. They frankly tell you
their price to Japanese customers and
then that foreigners have to pay about
50 to 100 per cent, more and laugh.
In the largest dry goods store In Toklo
fifty clerks are seen kneeling upon the
lloor of tho large building, but no ruer
chanillso Is visible. It Is kept in fire
proof (?) structures In the rear and car
ried to and fro for customers' Inspec
tion by numerous boys. It is very Inter
esting to watch proceedings In such a
store.
Nearly all Japanese stores are con
ducted In the same mnnuer, though
some shops have on display samples of
articles sold. If a foreign lady Is shop
ping a crowd of Japanese usually block
ados the store, anxious to see the
strange sight. Preparatory to the new
treaties going Into effect the govern
ment Issued an order for the natives to
abandon this obstructive habit.
Tho Japanese are great Imitators.
Almost every staple article has Its Imi
tation hero and Its label counterfeited.
A Philadelphia shoe-blacking has half
a donen Imitations. One maker Inserts
his mime, leaving North Front street,
Philadelphia, remaining, and the label
unchanged, except "superior quality"
Is "superior quarlty." Another Inserts
his name and Japanese town, but leaves
"133 and 140 North Front street," and
so on.
The Japanese make heroic efforts at
Kngllsh. While butchering It horribly
they do remarkably well, considering
everything. On the few English signs
of leading Arms ou Toklo's chief street
are seen: "Drucclst," for druggist;
"foreign gords," "caned goods, whole
sale and detail," "The shop of the artl
cles of the finery," "The carriage and
all of harness" and "A harness maker,"
"manufaktealary," "apothekaly," etc.
Toklo correspondence of the Baltimore
Sun.
SHE KEPT AN ARMY WAITING,
A cntcBKO iiiri Diu mis to luke a
Photogruph.
She was only a slip of a girl from
Chicago, but with the aid of her cum
era she kept au army waiting while
she took the picture of Its command
ing officer. It was the occasion of the
greatest review since the civil war.
The Incident occurred Aug. 9, 1808,
while 55,000 volunteers awaited along
the base of Snodgrass hill In Chlcka-
mauga National Park the signal to
march.
Back of the great flag, the emblem of
a united nation, planted on the side of
the hill where the reviewing stand was
located, there was a commotion. A
colored driver of an old carry-all was
endeavoring to force his way to a point
where his passengers, a handsome
couple of elderly people and a pretty
young girl, might have a more favor
able opportunity of viewing the march
ing thousands. The coveted position
had hardly been secured when Gen
eral Breckenrldge, the commanding of
fleer, and staff swept up from across
the field, where they had been "riding
the lines," Inspecting the troops.
The trumpeter was about to sound
the signal for the advance when the
young girl In the cairy-all leaped to the
ground and ran across the field to
where General Breckeniidge sat on his
handsome bay. She stopped when
about twenty feet from the general and
nolnted her camera at him. An aid
laughingly directed his superior's at
tentlon to the girl by the remark
"You are about to have your picture
taken, general."
General Breckenrldge turned and
saw his fair admirer. His hand was
raised and the trumpeter withheld the
signal for the advance. The general
rode forward a few paces and faced the
girl, who now appeared confused and
about to withdraw, the attention she
had attracted disconcerted her. She
was a brave little creature, however,
and, summoning her courage, she walt-
cd for the general to halt Her camera
ceased swaying and was aimed full at
the handsome Kentuckian. A click
was heard by those nearest the scene
and a sweet "Thank you" followed
from the young girl.
"I hope It will be a good picture."
was the kindly response of the general
as be raised his hat and returned to
his position.
The sharp notes of the "Forward:"
pealed from the trumpet and the van
of the troops began to move. The
young girl returned to her seat In the
carry-all. blushing but triumphant
CECIL RHODES' IDEA OF WORK.
His Reason for Declining a Drink In
Uls Early Days at Kimberley.
In connection with the foundation of
Cecil Rhodes' colossal wealth, there Is
a Btory toij by an 0id fellow miner,
. ,f intp'T - Cn'nnlnl Mlnlatpr nf
. n'ni8" iaie.y a i.o.ouiai Minister 01
Prance, which Illustrates at least one
trait In the character of the great South
of "wetting the stone." 1. drlnitlnf
champagne at the tinder's expense, with
the idea that it would bring good luck
lu the discovery of another treasure.
In the adjoining claim to that first
takeu up by Mr. Itundcs, lu the very
centre cf the ciater holding the precious
blue dirt, tills Invitation hud upon a
certain occasion gone forth, and the
men were going their way up to the
hotel when It was noticed that Hliodes
stood aloof.
"Hullo! Como on 'Uhodes!" shouted
the lucky Under of the gem. "Aren't
you coming up to 'wet the stone' for
luck?" To which, however, Cecil
Uhodes only shook his head.
"I say. come on; there's a good fel
low," persisted his neighbor.
"What aro you going to do? asked
Uhodes looking up.
"Wet the stone with champagne, of
course."
"Well." replied the future magnate,
decisively. "I did not come out here to
drink champagne, but to make money,"
and then went on wilh his work.
That Mr. Uhodes has succeeded In
that purpose, probably beyond all
flights of bis Imagination, Is now u
matter of history.
ft
km r
Lake Superior is the largest body of
fresh water In the world, covering
thirty-two thousaud square miles; tho
Caspian sea, not generally called a
lake, covers 100,381 square miles.
In tropical countries, quite a num
ber of plants are luminous. 1 lie mea
dow Illy, which grows lu abundance
in the marshes of Africa, Is one of the
most perfect type of vegetable phos
phorescent. In Brazil a kind of grass.
which the Inhabitants call khus-Kiius-
bines, gives forth a bright light, be
fore which horses and other grazlug
animals stop In surprise and fear.
A life buoy, provided with automatic
torches which are Ignited by tne con
tact of calcium phosphide with water,
was Invented a few years ago by Hear
Admiral Ulchborn. and Is now In use
on all of our naval vessels, as well as
on many foreign ships. It Is called the
Franklin life buoy. On a stormy night
in ISO" one of these buoys saved two
sailors of the Maine, but one of the
rescued men perished a year later at
the explosion in Havana harbor.
Many persons believe that birds, re
turning to their summer quarters, are
the same that were at the same spols
the year previous; but exact proof Is
rare. John u. urowsou ot uerman-
town, Pa., saw a robin struggle to get
free from some string In which It got
entangled, resulting lu a broken leg.
It was lame accordingly. Ihe lame
bird returned year after year to the
same spot. How they can retire hun
dreds of miles, and yet return to the
same spot, Is truly wonderful.
Tho Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospi
tal In New Y'ork possesses a novel sur
gical Instrument Intended to extract
particles of Iron and stet'l from the
eye. It consists of a powerful electro
magnet mounted on a stand runniug
on casters. W hen an operation Is to be
performed one end of the magnet Is
cautiously brought near the patient's
eye. If a piece of steel or Iron Is em
bedded in the eyeball, the patient ex
periences a sharp pain as the metallic
sliver forces Its way through the tis
sues and flies to the magnet. The In
jury to the eye Is said to be less than
that caused by using a knife.
When we read of the men who In
habited the caves of Europe at a time
when mammoths dwelt on that conti
nent we seem to have gone back to a
period so Immeasurably remote that
we can hardly picture In the mind s
eye the appearance which the repre
sentatives of our race then presented.
Yet, according to Prof. E. It. Tylor, the
natives of Tasmania "remained with
in the present century representatives
ot the immensely ancient Paleolithic
period." Recent studies of the relics
of the. Tasninulans, who became ex
tinct when brought Into touch with
modern civilized man, show that the
workmanship of their rude Implements
was below that exhibited by the "Drift
and Cave men" of Paleolithic times, i
... I
Breaking Glasses by Singing.
It has often been asserted that
glasses could be broken by singing.
The statement has as often been de
nied, nevertheless It Is true. More
over, the glass does not have to be of
tho finest Venetian kind.
An ordinary dinner table wine glass
was recently broken lu this way. Tho
man who did It had a deep, full voice.
He set the glass on the table, stood be
side It and ran up and down the scale
as though In search of a note. When
ha settled on one rather high the glass
shook visibly. The note was repeated,
sung as loudly as possible, and .finally
the glass shivered and crashed Into
bits. An ordinary voice could not ao.
complish this, for afterward an experi
menter tried to repeat the scene, with
out producing the slightest effect ou
a variety of glasses. However, it
would be a dangerous gift for general
nse. Imagine a banquet when an after-dinner
speaker. In his Impassioned
oratory chanced to strike the note dis
liked by the table glasses. What a
crash there would be! Chicago News.
American Hrldge Abroid..
The American bridge Is flinging Its
majestic spans and arches across the
rivers of many lands Egypt, Siberia,
Japan, China, Peru, and others and a
group of twenty-six skilled American
builders has departed for Uangoju,
British India, where an American com
pany has one of its constructions In
progress.
Merman Pig; Iron.
German production of pig Iron In the
first half of the current year w as 4,000,
000 tons, against 3,000,000 in the same
time In 1808.
Am rican Cow.
American farmers own cows to the
value of $300,239,003, a sum equal to
more than one half of the capital of all
the national banks In the United States.
An Irresiatlble Power.
No receptacle has ever been made
with sufficient strength to resist the
bursting power of frozen water.
0