the International character of the prob
lem and In the desire of reaching some
wise and practical solution of It.
The British government has published a
resume of the steps taken jointly by the
French ambassador ,ln London and the
special envoys b the United States, with
whom our ambassador In London actively
co-operated in the presentation of this
subject to her majesty's government. This
will be laid before congress. Our special
envoys have not made their final report,
as further negotiations between the rep
resentatives of this government and the
governments of other countries are pend-
, ms anu in uuiiLtHiipiuiiuu. .iney ubiicvo
' that the doubts which have been raised
in certain quarters respecting tne possi
bility of maintaining the stability of the
. parity between the metals and kindred
questions' may yet be solved by further
negotiations. ' '
Meanwhile, it gives me satisfaction to
state that the special envoys have al
ready" demonstrated their ability and flt
ness to deal with the subject( and It Is to
result in an International agreement
which will bring about recognition of
both gold and silver as money upon such
terms and with such safeguards as will
ecure the use of both metals upon a
basis which shall work no injuries to
ny class of citizens.
RECIPROCITY.
Negotiations Pending Willi Earo-
neaii and American Governments.
In order to execute s early as possible
"' the provisions of the third and fourth sec
tions of the revenue, act approved July
' U. 1897, I appointed the Hon. John A.
Kasson, of Iowa, a special commissioner
' plenipotentiary, to undertake the requi
site negotiations with foreign countries
desiring, to avail themselves of these pro
i yjsions. The negotiajions-are now proseed
' lrig with several governments, both Buro
j , pear and American.' It is believed that
ferred by that 'act; same grievances of
uur -own hhu ui uiuer uuuuuica 111 uui
: mutual trade relations may be either re
moved or lurgely alleviated, and that the
volume of our commercial exchanges may
, be enlarged with advantage to both con
tracting parties.
, 7 THE MERCHANT MARINE..,
1 Government Should Foster This
Lllilft-uiMliiliK Industry.
Most desirable froui every standpoint of
- national Interest and patriotism Is the
effort to extend our foreign commerce. To
this end our merchant marine should be
Improved and enlarged. We should do our
full share of' the carrying trade of the
world. We do not do-It now. We should
not be laggard any longer. The lnferl-
. ority of our merchant marine Is justly hu
miliating to the national pride. The gov
ernment, by every proper constitutional
means, should aid in making our ships
familiar visitors at every commercial port
,, of the world, thus opening i"up new ana
.J;' valuable markets to the surplus products
' Of the' farm and factory.
: ', SEALIXO QUESTION.
Negotiations In Progress for Preser-
vntl .... Af tlij. 1 1 .T-ll
The efforts which have been made dur
ing the two previous administrations by
my predecessors to secure better protec-
tion to the fur seals in the North Pa
cific ocean and Behring sea were renewed
at an early date bv this administration.
and have been pursued with earnestness.
Upon my invitation, the governments of
Russia and Japan sent delegates to Wash
ington, and an international conference
was held during the months of October
and November last, wherein it was unani
mously agreed that under the existing
regulations! this species of. useful animals
was threatened with extinction and that
' , an International agreement of ' all Inter-
' adequate protection.
The government of Great Britain did
not see proper to be represented at this
. ' SViishingtoh as. delegates the expert com-
, missioners' of Great Britain and Canada,
who had durlmt the oast two years visited
the Pribyloff islands, and who met in con
ference similar commissioners on the part
f theI7nlfed State. The result of this
portant facts connected with the condi
tion of the seal herd, heretofore In dis-
pute, which should place beyond contro
versy the duty of the governments con
cerned to adopt measures without delay
-, for the preservation and restoration of the
herds. Negotiations to this end are now
in progress, the result of which I hope
to be able to report to congress at an
(early day.
. Recent Events Strengthen the Presi
dent's Views..
,-. International arbitration 'cannot be
omitted from the list of subjects claiming
our consideration. . Events have recently
served to strengthen the general views on
this question expressed in my Inaugural
.' (ddress. .The best sentiment of the civil
ized world is moving toward the settle-
without resorting to the horrors of war.
- Treaties embodying these numane prin
ciples ,pn broad lines without In any, way
Imperiling our Interests or our honor shall
have my constant encouragement.
THE PARIS EXPOSITION.
'. ation by Congress.
. The acceptance by this government of
. tne inviiuiiuri UL me lepuuuu ui r ranee
. to Dartlcipate In the universal exposition
of 1900 at Paris was immediately followed
by the appointment of a special commls-
Intisi tn mnr9Mit th TTnlterl Ktntpa In
; "the proposed exposition with special ref
erence to the securing of space for an ad-
, equate exhibit on behalf of the United
States.'" ';' ' '
' The special commissioner delayed his
departure for Paris long enough to ascer-
f lailf me iiruuauie ueiimnu lur spucu uy
' American exhibitors. His inquiries der
veloped an almost unprecedented interest
In the proposed exposition, and .the Infor
mation .thus, secured enabled him to-lusti-
fy an application for a much larger al-
authorltles. The result was particularly
gramying in view i?l me lact inai mo
' United States was one of the last coun
tries to accept the Invitation of France.
The reception accorded our special com
missioner was most cardial, and he was
eiven every reasonable assurance that
the United States would receive a consid
eration commensurate with the propor-
.11UUS UI UUI CJII11U11. . .
asto the magnitude of the commit exDO-
. sition and the demand for space for Amen-
. 1411 ri ixiiiuilh Buuuiiea new HiKuiiieiiiH ur
a liberal and judicious appropriation by
congress to the end that an exhibit fairly
representative of the industries and re
sources of our country may be made In
an exposition which will illustrate the
world's progress during the 19th century.
The exposition is Intended to be the most
important and comprehensive of the long
which our own at Chicago was a brilliant
example, and it is desirable that the
hlbit of American genius and skill, and
' their unrivaled achievements in every
uif.ii.fi, mi muuoiii ,
, ': It '
THE .NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT.
Armor for New Warships and More
Drydocks Needed.
The present immediate effective force of
the navy consists of four battle-ships of
the first class: two of the second class
Md 48 other vessels, . ranging from
armored cruisers "to torpedo-boats. There
are under construction five battle-ships of
the first class, 16 torpedo-boats and one
submarine, boat. No provision has yet
been made for the armor of three of the
five battle-ships, as it has been impossible
to obtain it at the price fixed by congress.
It is of great importance that congress
provide this armor, as until then the
ships are of no fighting value. The pres
ent naval force, especially in view of Its
Increase by ships now under construc
tion, while not as large as that of a few
other powers, Is a formidable force; its
vessels are the very best of each type;
and with the increase that should be made
to It from time to time in the future and
careful attention to keeping it in a high
state of efficiency and repair, it is well
adapted to the necessities of the country.
The great Increase of the navy which
has taken place In recent years was justi
fied by the requirements of the naval de
fense and has received public approba
tion. The time has now arrived, how
ever, when this Increase to which the
country Is committed should for a time
take the form of increased facilities com
mensurate with the Increase of our naval
vessels, It Is an unfortunate fact that
there Is only one dock on the Pacific coast
capable of docking our largest ships, and
only one on the Atlantic coast,' and. the
latter has for the last six or seven months
been under repair and therefore incapablo
of use. Immediate steps should be
taken to provide three or four docks of
this capacity on the Atlantic coast, at
least one on the Pacific coast, and a float
ing dock on the Gulf. This Is the recom
mendation of a very competent board ap
pointed to investigate the subject.
There should also be ample provision
made for powder and projectiles and other
munitions of war and for an increased
number of officers and enlisted men. Some
additions are also necessary to our navy
yards for the repair and care of the larger
number of vessels. As there are now on
the stocks five battle-ships of the largest
class, which cannot be completed for a
year or two. I concur with the recom
mendation of the secretary of the navy
for an appropriation authorizing the con
struction of one battle-ship for the Pa
cific coast, where there is at present enly
one In commission and one under con
struction, while on the Atlantic there are
three In commission and four under con
struction, and also several torpedo-boats
authorized in connection with our general
system of.coast defense. '
NEEDS OF ALASKA.
Existing; Conditions Demand
Change 'in the Laws.
The territory' of Alaska requires the
prompt and arly attention of congress.
The conditions' now existing demand a
material change in the laws relating to
the territory. The great influx of popula
tion during the past summer and fall and
the prospect of a still larger immigra
tion in the spring will not permit us to
longer neglect the extension of civil au
thority within the territory or postpone
the establishment of a more .thorough
government. A general system of public
surveys has not yet been extended to
Alaska. -and all entries thus far made in
that district are upon special .surveys.
The act of congress extending fo Alaska
the mining laws of the United States con
tained the reservation that it should not
be construed tov put in force the general
land laws of the country.
By an act approved March 3, 1891, au
thority was given for entry of Sands for
townsite purposes, and also for the pur
chase of not exceeding 1-80 acres then or
thereafter occupied for purposes of
trad9 and manufacture. The pur
pose ' of congress, as thus v -far.
expressed, has been that only
such rights should apply to the territory
as should be specifically named. It will
be seen how much remains to be done for
that vast, remote, and yet promising por
tion of our country. !
Special authority was given to the pres
ident by the act approved July 24, 1897, to
divide that territory , into two , land dis
tricts, and to designate the boundaries
thereof, and to appoint registers and re
ceivers of said land offices, and the presi
dent was also authorized to appoint a
surveyor-general for the entire district.
Pursuant to this authority, a surveyor
general and receiver have been appoint
ed, with offices at Sitka. If In the ensu
ing year the conditions justify it, the addi
tional land district authorized by 'iaw
will be established with an office at some
point In the Yukon valley. No appropria
tion, however, was made for this pur
pose, and that is now necessary to be
done.
The Military Post.
I concur with the secretary of war in
his suggestions as to the necessity for a
military force In the territory of Alaska'
for the protection of persons and prop
erty. ' Already a sma'l force consisting
of 25 men and two officers, under com
mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Randall, of
the Eighth rinfantry. has been sent to
St Michaels to establish a military post.
As it is1 to the interest of the government
to encourage the development of the coun
try and . its duty to follow up its citizens
there with the benefits of legal machin
ery, I earnestly urge upon congress the
establishment of a system of government
of such flexibility as will enable It to ad
just itself in the future to the needs at
tendant upon a greater population. ,
Relief for Starving Klonilikers.
The startling though possibly . exag
gerated reports from the Yukon river
country of the probable shortage of food
for the large number of people who are
wintering there without the means of leav
ing the country, are confirmed in such
measure as to justify bringing the matter
to the attention of congress. Access to
that country this winter can be had only
by the passes from Jlyea and vicinity,
which is a most difficult and perhaps im-r
possible task. However, should these re
ports of the suffering of our fellow-citizens
be further verified, every effort at
any cost should be made to carry them
relief.
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
New Regulations for Five Civilized
Tribes Are Imperative. 4
For a number of years it has been ap
parent that the condition of the five civil
ized tribes in the Indian territory under
treaty provisions, with the United States,
with the right of self-government and
the exclusion of all white persons from
within their borders, have undergone so
complete a change as to render the contin
uance of the system thus Inaugurated
practically impossible. The total number
of the five civilized tribes, as shown by
the last census, is 45,484, and this number
has not materially increased, while the
white population is estimated at from
200,000 to 250,000, which, by permission of
the Indian government, has settled In the
territory. The present area of the Indian
territory Is 25,564,546 acres, much of which
Is very fertile land. The United States
citizens residing, in the territory, most of
whom have gone there by invitation or
with the consent of the tribal authorities,
have made permanent homes for them
selves. Numerous towns have been built,
in which from 1000 to 50OO white people
now reside. .
Valuable residence and business houses
have been erected In many of them and
large business enterprises are carried on
in which . vast sums of money are em
ployed, and yet these people, who have
Invested their capital In the development
of the productive resources of the coun
try, are without title to the land they oc
cupy and have no voice whatever in the
government of the nations or tribes.
Thousands of their children who were
born in the territory are of school age,
but the doors of the schools of the sec
tions are shut against them and what
education they get Is by private contribu
tion. No provision for the protection of
the life or property of these white citi
zens Is, made by the tribal governments
and courts. The secretary of the interior
reports that leading Indians have ab
sorbed great tracts of land to the exclu
sion of the common people, and govern
ment by an Indian aristocracy has been
practically established, to the detriment
of the people. It has been found impos
sible for the United States to keep its
citizens out of the territory, and the con
ditions contained In the treaties with the
nations have for the most part become
Impossible of execution. Friends of the
Indians have long believed that the best
Interests of the Indians of the five civil
ized tribes would be found in American
citizenship with all the rights and privi
leges which belong, to that condition.
. The Dawes Commission.':
By section 16 of the act of March '3,
1893, the president was authorized to ap
point three commissioners to enter into
negotiations with the Cherokee, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Muskogee (or Creek) and SetnU
nole nations, commonly known as the live
civilized tribes in the Indian territory.
Briefly, the purpose of the, negotiations
was the extinguishment of the tribal title
to any land within that territory,' now
held by any and all such nations or tribes,
either by cession of the same or some
part thereof to the United States, or: by
allotment or by division of the same-in
severalty among the Indians of such na
tions or tribes respectively as may be en
titled to the , same, or by such, other,
method as may be agreed upon hetween
the several nations and tribes aforesaid or
each of them with the United States',: with
a view to such an adjustment upon' jthe
basis of justice and equity as majv wtth"
the consent of the said nations of Indians
so far -as. may be ;neeessary,.irequisitevaMf
suitable, enable-the ultimate creatie'nof: a
state or states of the Union which shall
embrace the lands within said Indian ter
ritory. The commission met much.oppor,
sition from the beginning. : The Indians
were very slow to act; and those in.xon
trol manifested a decided disinclination
to meet with favor the propositions subr
mitted to them. More than three years
ago the commission affected an agreement
with the Choctaw nation alone. The
Chickasaws have refused to agree to its
terms, and, as they have a common, inter
est with the Choctaws in the lands of said
nations, ' the agreement w(th the latter
nation could not have been made with
out the consent of the former. April 23,
1897, the commission effected an agree
ment with both tribes the Choctaws and
Chickasaws. This agreement, it is under
stood, has been ratified by the constituted
authorities of the respective tribes or na
tions or parties thereto, and only requires
ratification by congress to make it bind
ing.' , . '
On" the 27th' of September,. 1897, an
agreement was effected with the Creek
nation, but it Is understood that the na
tional council refused to ratify the same.
Negotiations are yet to be had with the
Cherokees, the most populous of the five
civilized tribes, and with the Seminoles,
the smallest in point of numbers and ter
ritory. Tne provision of the Indian appropria
tion act approved June 10, U96, makes it
the duty of the commission to investigate
and determine the rights of applicants for
citizenship in the' five civilized tribes.
The commission is at present engaged .irj
this wbr among the tribes, and has made
arrangements for taking the census of
these people up to and including the 50th
of the present month, ..... -:
Should the agreement between the Choc?
taws and Chickasaws be ratified by con
gress and should the other tribes ; fail- to
make an agreement with the commission,
then bme legislation must be had by con
gress, which, while just and honorable to?
the Indiana, shall be equitable, to" the
white people who' have settled upon ; these
lands by Invitation of the tribal nations.
Hon. Henry L. Dawes, chairman j of ''the
commission, in a letter to the -secretary o
the interior under date of October 114,89
says; i ' ' '
"Individual ownership is not .In1 ther
(the .commission's)' opinion absolutely qfy
sentlal to any permanent improvement in'
conditlons. 'and the lack of It Is the ,roo,t
of nearly all the evils which havft so,-,
grievously afflicted these people. --Allow
ment by agreement is the only possible
method, 'Unless the United States coiiiitg;
are clothed with the authority to apportion
the lands among the citizen Indians for
whose use it was originally granted."
I concur with the secretary of the inV
terlor that there can be no cure for the
evils engendered by the perversion of these,
great trusts except by their resumption by.
the government which created them.
;. f QUARANTINE LAWS.
Appointment of 11 Bacteriological
Commission Also Recommended. ' .
The recent prevalence of the yellow fever
In a number of cities and towns through
out the South has resulted in much dis
turbance of commerce and demonstrated
the necessity of such. amendments to our
quarantine laws as will make the regula
tions of the national quarantine authori
ties paramount.
The secretary of the treasury, in that
portion of his report relating to the operail
tion of the marine hospital service, calls
attention to the defects in the present
quarantine laws, and recommends amend
ments thereto whiQh will give. the treasn
ury department the requisite authority to
prevent the invasion of epidemic diseases
from foreign countries and In times of
emergency, like that of the past summer,
w'lll add to the efficiency of, the sanitary
measures for the protection of the "people
and at the same time prevent unnecessary
restrictions of commerce. ; 1 concur In his
recommendation. ?
In further effect to. prevent Ihe Invasion
of the United States by yellow fever; the
importance of the discovery of 'the exat
cause of the" disease, 'which up to tWe
present time has been undetermined, hife
been obvious, and to this end a systematic
bacteriological investigation should ;
made. I therefore recommend that con
gress authorize the appointment of ji
commission by the president to consist at
four expert bacteriologists, to be selected
from the, medical corps of the marine ho 4
pital service, one- to be appointed fro
civil life, one from the medical corps, ox
the army and one from the havy. ,
THE BOND-AIDED ROADS.
To Protect the Government's Inters
! est in the Kansas Pacific. I V
The Union Pacific railway, main lineT
was sold under decree of the United,
states court lor the district, of Nebraska
on November 1 and 2, this year. Th
amount due the government consisted o$
the principal of the subsidy bonds. $27.
236,512, and the accrued interest -thereon
$31,211,711 75, making the total Indebtedness!
$58,448,223 75. - .
The bid at the sale covered the first!'
mortgage lien and the entire mortgage11
claim of the government (less interest).
The sale of the subsidized portion of the;
Kansas Pacific line, upon which the gov-tj
ernment holds a second-mortgage'- Hen,
has been postponed at the Instance of the
government to December 16, 1897. The
debt of this division of the Union Pa
cific railroad to the government, Novem
ber SL 1897, was the principal of the sub
sidy bonds, $6,303,000,' and the unpaid and
accrued interest, $6,626,690 33, making a
total Of $12,929,690 33. The saie of this road
was originally advertised for November
4. For the purpose of securing the most
public notice of the event, it was post
poned until December 16, and a second
advertisement of the sale was made. By
the decree of the court, the upset price
at the sale of the Kansas Pacific must
yield to the government the sum , of
$2,500,000 over all prior Hens and charges.
It no other or better bid Is made, this
am is all that the government will re
ceive on its claim of nearly $13,000,000.
The government has no Information as
to whether there will be other bidders or
another bid than the maximum amount
herein stated..- The question presented,
therefore, Is , whether the government
shall, under the authority given It by the
act. of March 23, 1894, purchase or redeem
the road in the event that a bid is not
made by private parties covering the en
tire government claim.
To enable the government to bid at the
sale will require a deposit of $900,000, as
follows: In the government cause, $500,000,
and in each of the first mortgage causes,
$200,000, and in- the latter, the deposit
must be in cash. Payments at the sale
are to be as follows: Upon acceptance
of the bid a sum which, with the amount
already deposited, shall equal 15 per cent
of the bid, the balance in installments
of 25 per cent, 30, 40 and 50 days after the
confirmation of the sale.
The lien on the Kansas rnclflc, prior
to that of the government on July 30,
1897, principal and interest, amounted to
$7,421,088 11. The government, therefore,
should it become the .highest bidder, will
have to pay the amount of the first-mort-tage
lien. I believe that under the act
of 1887 it has authority to. do this, and
In the absence of any action by con
gress -I, shall direct the secretary of tho
treasury to make the necessary deposit,
as required by the court's decree, to
qualify as a bidder and to bid at the sale
a sum which will at least equal the prin
cipal of the debt due to the government,
but suggest, in order to remove all, con
troversy, that an amendment to the law
be immediately passed explicitly giving
such powers and appropriating in general
terms whatever sum is sufficient therefor.
In so impbrtant a matter as the govern
ment 'becoming the probable owner of the
railroad property which it perfuree must
conduct and operate, I feel constrained
to lay before congress these facts for its
cpnsideratlon and taction before the con
summatio)of the sale. It Is clear to my
mind that the government should not
permit the property to be sold at a price
which will yield less than one-half the
principal of Its debt and less than one
fifth of Its debt, principal and Interest.
The government, rather than accept less
than its claim, should become a bidder
and thereby the owner of the property,
and I submit this to congress for action.
CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY.
Recommends That Congress Con
tlnne to Develop It.
The congressional library, provided for
by the act of congress approved April 17,
1896, has been completed and opened to
the public. It should be a matter of con
gratulation that through the foresight and
munificence of congress the nation pos
sesses this noble treasure-house of knowl
edge. . It Is earnestly to be hoped that,
having done so much toward the cause
of education, congress will continue to de
velop the' library in every phase of re
search, to the end that it may not only
be one of the most magnificent, but
among the richest and. most beautiful
libraries In the world.
THE CIVIL SERVICE.
Room for 'Farther Improvement,'
Which Will Be DIude. :
The Important branch of our. govern
ment known as the civil service, the prac
tical improvement of which has long been
a subject of earnest discussion, has of
late years received Increased legislative
and executive approval. During the past
few months, the service has been placed
on a still firmer basis of business meth
ods and personal merit. While the right
of our veteran soldiers to reinstatement
In. deserving, cases has been asserted, dis
missals for merely political reasons have
been carefully guarded against, the exam
inations -for admittance to the serv.ee
enlarged and at the same time rendered
less technical, and more practical, and a
distinct advance, has been made by giving
a hearing before dismissal upon all cas.es
where-incompetency is charged or. a de
mand is made for removal of officials in
any. of the departments. . .
This order has been madeito give the ac
cused his right , to. be heard wittout in
any way impairing the power of removal,"
which. should always be exercised In cases
of : Inefficiency or incompetency, and which
is one of the safeguards of the civil ser
vice reform system, preventing stagna
tion and: deadwood and keeping every
employe keenly alive to the fact that se
curity of tenure depends liot on' favor,
but on his own tested and carefully
watched record of service. Much, of
course still . remains to be accomplished
before the system can be made reasonably
perfect for bur needs. There are places
how In; the classified service which ought
to be exempted and others unclassified
may properly be included. I shall not hes
itate to exempt cases which I think have
been improperly included in the classified
serviceor Include those which, In my judg
ment, will best promote- the public ser
vice. The system has the approval of the
people and It will be my endeavor to up
hold and extend It.
VI am forced by the length of this mes
sage to omit many Important references
to affairs of the government with which
congress will have to deal at the present
session. , They are fully discussed in the
departmental reports, to all of which I
invite your earnest attention. '
' The estimates of the expenses of the
government by the several departments
should have your careful scrutiny. Whii'e
congress may find it an easy task to re
duce the expenses of the government. It
should not encourage their Increase.
These expenses will, in my judgment, ad
mit of a decrease in many branches of
the government without injury to the pub
lic service. It Is a commanding duty to
keep the appropriations within the re
ceipts 6f the government and thus prevent
a deficit; .. . WILLIAM McKINLEY.
Executive Mansion, Dec. 6, 1897. i '
. Prof, Walter T. Scheele, a scientist of
Rah way, N. J., lias sounded what he
claims 4s the death "Unell of the mos
quito, and It. is to be hoped for the
sake of a long suffering people that hl3.
claim Is correct. Living as he does In.
fJew Jersey, famed fn the funny paperi:
as the home of "the;, largest and mosb
warlike members of the mosquito tribe,
he, has had ample opportunity to study
the insects, and at the same, time p'en-i
fs of. Incentive, in the shape of attacks
from the pests, to work toward their
destruction, Jt Is well known that mos
quitoes breed on the surface of the wa
ter in swampy, places, and the profes
sor's Idea Is to kill the eggs while still
on the water and before they are hatch
ed. To do this he throws; into the wa
ter a small quaptity of permanganate
of, potash,' and when this dissolves It
instantly destroys the life In all the,
eggs lying on the doctored water. H
has made experiments In his laboratory
and found that with one small pinch
of permanganate he can kill all the
mosquitoes in a 1,000-gallon tank of
water.: On this basis, he says, two or
three ounces will .be sufficient to treat
a ten-acre area. If the professor knows
what he is talking : about, the exter
mination of the annoying Insects should
vot be a very difficult matter.
A model busband lets his wife have
her own way, even when he knows it
Is not good for her.
LOST IN A LIVE CRATER.
The Horrible Experience of Doctot
Guppy in Manna Loa.
Talk about solitary confineent behind
prison bars and its horrors! What of a
twenty-three days' solitary vigil on a
lonelymountain top, 13,000 feet above
sea level, with the yawning, seething
crater of one of the world's greatest
volcanoes at your feet?
That was the experience of Dr. H..p.'
Guppy, the noted English scientist, nd
if any living nian has formed an idea
of what the sulphurous hades of tne
orthodox looks like, feels like and is
like, jt should be this same Dr. Guppy,
for he spent twenty-three days right
down in the very crater of that famous
old belcher of lire, smoke and lava
Mauna Loa, Hawaii. '
He began the descent into the crater
on the n.iorning of Aug. 2. Everywhere
the lava crust cracks crisply underfoot,
and this very cracking seems to warn
one not to proceed farther. In many
places large lava bubbles blister the
surface, and to step on one of these and
have it break beneath the foot is
enough to unnerve the bravest men. is,
feel the crust suddenly , sink beneath
one in the bed of a crater is not one of
the most pleasing sensations in the
world.
Each day was one of peril; but aside
from the every-day experiences of life
in a crater, Doctor Guppy had wo ex
traordinary ' adventures, neither of
which he will soon forget. On Aug. 7
a section of rock 1,200 feet by? 300 feet
In area started from the cliff at the top
of the crater and came tumbling down.
It came with a crash which under or
dinary circumstances would have been
terrinc, but in the solitude and awe
some surroundings of Mauna Loa's
crater was something quite beyond de
scription. The resounds within the,
crater were as though all the pent-up
forces in the earth had found voice and
were calling back and forth for help.
The landslide continued for seven
hours, during which time Doctor Gup
py could do naught else but stand and
contemplate, the possibilities of what
would happen next. And the possibili
ties of events out of the ordinary hap
pening within a volcano's crater are al
most anything an imaginative , mind
can conceive. Great rocks fallng from
great heights would strike the floor of
the crater and rebound again and again
in their seeming desire to break
through to the regions below. If ever
a man had an opportunity to judge of
what the awful crisis of the last day
will be, Doctor Guppy experienced it
them.
The other occasion on which the
scientist had a chance to contemplate
the uncertainty of things In general and
craters In particular was the day he
was lost in the crater. This was short
ly after the landslide, and his nerves
had scarcely recovered their usual
composure. He had started early in
the morning to make an exploration of
an unvisited portion of the floor of the
crater. He had gone about three miles
from his camping place when the
steam and vapor began to settle thick
ly all 'over the crater. His landmarks
were, soon shut out from view and he
started to return to his little camp.
The vapor clouds settled In more and
more thickly until the mist became so
heavy he could not discern .objects
ahead of him. . . t
If ever he felt the want of compan'
ionship it was then. He had become
confijsed in his efforts to reach camp,
and until he could again see his land
marks could not for the life of him tell
which way to go, even if it were safe
to venture further. The most vivig im
agination could scarcely . conceive
.what a man's thoughts would be under
such circumstances.- .Alone and at a
spot where no man would venture to
rescue; surrounded with a vapor bear-
ing in It a .tinge of poison; the oppres
sive silence broken only by the escap
ing steam, generated not at the will of
man, but from the unsolved mysteries
of the very bowels of the earth, he
waited for six long hours.
VAt last the clouds began to lift and a
little later Doctor Guppy could get his
bearings and return to his headquar
ters. Science on Brains.
. The following extract is from Have
lock Ellis' book, "Man and Woman:"
"Again, until quite recent times it
has over and over again been emphat
ically stated by brain anatomists that
the frontal region is relatively larger in
men, the parietal in women. This con
clusion is now beginning to be regard
ed as the reverse of the truth, but we
have to recognize that it was Inevita
ble! It was firmly believed that the
frontal region is the seat of all the
highest and . most abstract intellecual
processes, and if on examining a dozen
or two brains an anatomist found him
self landed In the conclusion that the
frontal region is relatively larger In
women the probability is that he would
feel that he had reached a conclusion
that, was absurd. ( It may, indeed, be
said, that it is only since it has become
known that the frontal region of the
brain is of greater relative extent in
the ape than it is in man and has no
special connection with the higher in
tellectual processes that it has become
possible to recognize the fact that that
region is relatively more extensive in
women."
At the Side Door.
Smith Look at that grum policeman
over there on the corner! Did you ever
see him smile?
Brown No. They say he is very cau
tious and never does it when any one
is around.
' Literary Theories.
"Napoleon's autograph is about as
bad as Shakspeare's.".
"Yes; I'll wager that Bacon wrote
both of them." Detroit Free Press.
About the only difference between a
saloon and a cafe is the prices charged
for drinks. ;
A TEXAS HERMIT.
Th? Peculiar Life Led by Jacob Tom- "
linson.
Old Jacob Tomliuson, the hermit of
Mission Valley, Texas, is looking for a
wife. He has inserted the following In
several country newspapers: '
"Wanted To form the acquaintance,
of a young lady; object, matrimony. I
am 78 years of age and will give the
young lady who meets my approval
$5,000 casli on our wedding day. She
must be a brunette, handsome and not
over 19 years of age. All applications
must be accompanied by photograph.
Address Jacob Tomlinsoh, San An
tonio, Texas." .
Tomlinson is ft peculiar character.
He has one of the most beautiful homes
in Mission' Valley, a rich section of
country northwest of San Antonio. He
made his first appearance in Missouri
Valley fifty years ago and settled upon
160 acres of land. ; He built a comfort
able log cabin home and li ved all alone.
He had a number of single-handed en
counters with Indians, and the slaugh
ter which he invariably, made' on those
occasions gave him a reputation for
bravery in that neighborhood. He has
continued to live the life of a .recluse
ever since. . ' 'i'- ; .
TTp mnlcpa rtppnainnnl : visits to San
Antonio for his mail tind supplies, but
this is the farthest he- has been from
home since he, began h;is;he.rniit life, in
the early days he was a hunter and
trapper and made considerable money
out of the sale of furs and hides. When
the wild game became' scarce he de
voted himself to stock raising and agri
culture. He laid up money each ye:(,
and added to hls'landed possessions ut
til he now has a farm Of 6,000 acrei
one-nair or wnicn is unaer cmnvatios
Several years ago he built a net! ,
house. It is situated on a hill in thw
center of his tract of land and is unique
In construction and arrangement. It
is built with bamboo rods, intertwined
so as to make many kinds of pretty fig
ures. These .rods are nailed to the
framework of the house. The roof is
thatched" with reeds. It has seven '
large rooms, all handsomely furnished.
The floors are of hard wood, stain, d
and covered with furs and rugs of
great vale. ' ' "
One of the rooms is used as aJibrary,
and is filled with several hundred vol
umes of choice books and-the latest
magazines. "Uncle" Jacob ls!a great ;
reader and spends much of his time In
his library. He always has. performed '
all of his household duties,, even cook
ing his own meals. , There, are few
persons who ever crossed tire threshold
of his home. He keeps a numDer or
men employed on his farm, but they
occupy houses at tlie farther end of the
large tract of land and are never per
mitted to visit their employer's home.
"Uncle" Jacob uas never told the
secret of his early life. It is believed
that-he came from the New England
States. Chicago Chronicle. -; ' ; ,
Tn Mine Swindle. '
, Probably one. of the -greatest steals
on record In the mining history of the
Black. Hills is that ef the Harvey Peak
Tin Mining and 'Manufacturing Com
pany. For an investment oi some two
and one' half .millions of dollars which
were furnished by .English capitalists,
there remains to show for. the Invest
ment only some out-of-date machinery,
several large buildings and, sope land.
A few years ago tin bearing ore was
discovered near Harvey Peak, Some
of the most influential business men In
the hills, together with capitalists from
New York, plotted a scheme which was
worked, which sunii thousands of En
gllsh mbney and gave the Black Hilla
country a ten-years' setback. ' A large
mill was first built, . then filled with ex
pensive machinery for the purpose of '
mining tin. It was commonly said that
there was enough tin in the mine to
11 V 1 1 I. v1 11.11 1 I II. ' U W
one run was made by, the mill, when
it was closed down. Enough tin was
milled to rope In the buyers, and the
transaction was made. The mine has '
been shut down ever since. There was
an attempt made to .reorganize the com
pany and begin operations again, but
the general report is that the deal has
fallen through. . There was at; time
when Eastern capital was anxious to
make investments in Black Hills min
ing property, when almost any, amount
of money could be obtained, simply up
Dn.a fair representation of the resources
of the mine. Since this Harvey Peak
swindle, however, the Eastern men
have withdrawn their money, and as a
consequence many valuable claims'
have remained undeveloped. The Black
Hills is just emerging from the shame
of this deal. During the "past tew
months more Eastern capital' has come
this way and found investments than
for any like period for some time." Con- 1
fidence Is gradually being restored and
capital is once more turning toward
the hills. Minneapolis Times. ; 1
Important if True. -
"Yes," said the poet, "the greater a
man becomes, the more pleasure he de
rives from visits to the scenes oi; his
childhood." , ' '.'.'
"Humph!" retorted the cynic, "do you
know why? , He just wants to hear the
old folks around there say they always '
knew he had something more than com
mon stuff In him." . . . . ;
Her Hope.
"Dear me," exclaimed Maud, who had
been reading a fashion paper. : "Last
year's engagement ring has gone wholly,
out of style." ,
''What has taken Its place?" inquired
Mamie. '; " -'' ' '
"I don't know. . But I hope it's a bi
cycle." Washington Star. '
"Etymological.
"Baw jove, I have heard that you
said I was a monomaniac." ,
"Me? Never. A monomaniac Is a
man of one idea. If you are anything
you must be a nonomaniac." Indlanap
Ub Journal.