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About The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 7, 1896)
ood. Jiver Slacier. FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, IS90.k It is well known that there W wide diversity lu both theory and practice among the strawberry growers of the valley. With the object in view of at taining more uniformity along the best lines, the Glaciek requests each straw berry grower who ships from this point to send to this office a written commu nication detailing the methods he lias adopted for producing the berries. Fol lowing is a partial list of topics that might be touched upon: Selection and preparation of ground; time for plant ing; selection of plants; distance apart each way; method of setting; cultiva tion, first year and succeeding years; time and methods of Irrigation; how should runners be removed? and how many crops are profitable from the same plants? Give full explanations and reakmst for your methods. We urge a prompt reply from all and prom: ise that when they are received and published, a valuable fund of Informa tion will be preseuted to our readers. ' The last June election cost Multno mah county $9,000, and the taxpayers are considering It an expensive luxury that should be-, done away with An amendment to the constitution chang ing the date to November was voted on by the people of the state about a dozen years ago, but was defeated for the reason it was thought it would give more room for fraud in Portland, where corruption of voters and fraud ulent elections are hinted at even now adays. The official ballot under the Australian law Is lengthy enough now. When the voting machine is adopted it will be time enough change the date of our elections and hold them all on one day. ' Flattering Prospects. ' Mr. Amos UnderwoQd of Under wood's Landing was in town yesterday morning. He reports that Jeff Locke returned from the McCoy creek mines Wednesday, bringing back Mr. Under wood's horses, which had taken the party consisting of Bert Latfgille, Jeff Locke, Bruce Locke and Sterling Dark out to the mines last week. Jeff Locke was detained by heavy rains in the mountains and had to lay over two days. He says the miners are at work getting out lumber by splitting cedar jogs ana planing tnem tor emiee uoxes and tiunies. J. A. Lutiuille has Leen at work on his claim for a couple of montiis, getting ready tor active work when the high water in the creek goes down. In building his flume, Mr. Langille found i t necessary to dig away a small point of bluff. The dirt that was removed in lowering this point he fiut into his cluices and was two days n washing it and cleaning up, and he panned out seven dollars of nice coarse gold, the same us the samples that were brought in by ' the prospectors wno-uisuivcreu - tue - diggings. - viu miners in the party laughed at Lan gille for washing out the. dirt from this point and said that no one but a tenderfoot would think of it. But Jim Is working his claim for all there is in it, and if the dirt tin among the crass roots at the top of the bluff will pay $3.50 a day, what will his work be worth when he gets to panning out from bed rock at the bottom of the gulch? The miners have been pros pecting the creek above and have found good prospects for seven or tight miles alove where the Mazama company have located. Sheepmen Arrested. . Sheriff Driver and Deputy United States Marshal Humphrey arrested Messrs. Phil Biogan, James Stewart, Frank Gable, A. Roberta and D. H. Roberts, at The Dalles and took them to Portland Monday, They were arrested as the owners of bands of sheep which are being pastured on the Cas cade mountains, and, it is ' alleged, within the limits of the forest reserves. As they are all responsible men, they were allowed to depart, on giving Imnds in $300 each for their appearance to answer to the charge. In the case of the Tygh Valley Land & Livestock Co., against whom complaint of tres pass is made aud an injunction asked, an appearance for J. II. Shearer was made by attorney, and the matter set for hearing on Friday. The men ar rested are much incensed, and claim that Portland capitalists are endeavor ing to ruin them. If they cannot pas ture their sheep on public lands tney Bay they will have to go out of the sheep business. Deputy United States' Marshal Humphrey left for Cloud Cap Inn, with a number of warrants for the arrest of persons Ji'ho, it is claimed, .are trespassing on public lands with bands of sheep in that vicinity, and who, ft is claimed, have in some cases set out fires. It" is evident that the depart ment at Washington is in earnest in regard to protecting the reserves. The fact that the forestry commission, which lias been inspecting other forest reserves, is to be here in a short time to look over the Cascade reserve, may have something to do with the matter. I Old "Black." The Mountaineer tells the follow ing about the old black government' horse at the- Cascade Locks: It was old Black's duty to pull away the load ed boxes of earth from the derricks, and after being hitched upin the morning at his post of duty, he needed no fur ther attention until noon. As soon as the load was ready he would start at first slowly, then as an impetus was. needed to run the cars along beyond his beat, he would start on the trot?, slack up at the proper time, turn around with an eye on the dump, then' start back at the right moment for the return trip. Keeping this up with the regularity of clock work until the noon whistle, .which .welcome sound, he knew as well as any of the men. It was fun sometimes to watch a new stable boy attempt to ''gee-haw" old Black while son duty. No attention was paid whatever to the fresh com mands, hut it behooved the young commander to stand out of the beaten path, or else risk being run over. If the "lords of creation" had done as good work on the locks as this faithful old lioise the Portland boat would whistle at our wharves tonight. Cheap Living in Portland. It will soon be possible to live in Portland for little or nothing. We have long had a five-cent restaurant and a five-cent lodging house, and now comes a cut-rate barber shop. It has just been opened and the proprietor thinks he can make money by shaving for five cents and cutting hair for ten cents. The cost of living in Portland for one year has therefore been reduced to this basis these hard time: Two meals a day for' 365 days, $36.50; odg ing and bath, $18.25; one suit of clothes, $70; one hat, $1.50; two pairs of shoes, $4;- underclothing, $5; shave, once a week at 5 cents, ,for 52 weeks, $2.60; hair cut, once a month at 10 cents, $1.20 total, $76.55; daily average, not quite 21 cents.- One place in Jr'ortland gives a lunch consisting of good soup, a slice of roast, beans, bread and butter, vegetables and a glass of beer for five cents. Welooiiie. Belmont Notes. Mr. Newcomb is building a nice house, 24 x 80 feet, on the tract of land he purchased from 'Mr. G. A. Lindsav. This will make four new houses and oue. old one on the 75-acre tract former ly owned by J. r. Armor. Mr. New comb is au old apiarist and will bring 5U Uee ,Javes..jrim ins former home in Portland. Mr. M. P. Isenberg and sons have a nice lo'i of strawberry plants set aud contemplate setting several acres more. Ralph Savasre and Uncle John Smith went to Mosier last Saturday by horse car t. Mr. E. E.Savaire left Monday for the Willamette valley on a business trip ana will be gone about two weeks. Mr. Mitchell was much pleased with his trip to Sandy Flat and now is anx ious to go to Mt. Hood. Jekby. Wit and Wisdom. Some of the loudest advocates of pro tection to Home Industry are never en gaged in any industry at home. The hardest job with some editors these days is to take a. stand on the money question that will suit all of tneir advertisers. A oung lady is retorted to have a hen setting on a China egg, with - the hope of hatching out a Chinaman to wasn dishes tor ner. A colored missionary spent six months in Africa and did not hear a chickeu crow. This shows that even in "Darkest Africa" . the chickens know enough to keep quiet when a preacher, and a colored one at that is about. St. Louis Humorist. The Discovery Saved His Life. Mr. G. Cailloutte, druggist, Beavers ville, III., says: "To Dr. King's New Discovery 1 owe my life. Was taken with la grippe and tried all the physi cians for miles about, but of no avail and was given up and told I could not live. Having Dr. King's New Discovery in my store.I sent for a battle and begau its use, and from the first dose begun to gel better, and after using three bottles was up and about again. It is worth its weightin gokLr We won't keep store or house without- it." Get a free trial at the Hood River Pharmacy. : A Hopeful Disposition. C. A. Stewart, an old resident of the Cascade Locks', was in the city today. Mr. Stewart was at the Cascades when the first shovel full of dirt was lifted from the canal; has watched the oper ations tyom the beginning to the pres ent thrie, and says if the Great Ruler permits him to live fifteen or twenty years longer, he expects yet to see boats pass through the ennui. Times Mountaiueer. A DmhI Shot. ' -K . Dr. Wakelee Having experimented with your squirrel poison, I desire to add my testimonial to the thousands of others you have no doubt received. I was greatly bothered by digger squir rels. They ate up my green peas, dug my early potatoes .and threatened starvation to myself and family if something was not done for them be fore my sweet corn was fit to pull. Seeing the advertisement of yoursquir rel poison In the Glacier (which, by the way, is the best advertising me dium in Hood River better than cir culars), I procured a can and applied it according to directions. ; Result, at least one dead squirrel, six dead chick ens and the family cat. I can there fore recommend your medicine as being a dead shot. The Ed. Mr. C. A. Bell yesterday leased the Mount Hood hotel for one year to R.S. Reeves, late of the Perkins house res taurant, Portland. M. V. Rand's Hale's Early peaches are the finest flavored aud best we think we ever tasted. The Rod and Gun club has learned of some-grouse shooting on the East tSldd.'-'If they hear of an v further dep redations, the proper officers will be called upon to prosecute. The Rural Northwest is a capital paper, containing the gist of all bulle tins and horticultural addresses. Those of our fruit growers who take it are the best informed on all horticultural mat ters. ' While other rpflmw h limit na ro complaining of a poor yield of wheat, KliekitRt vnllev will Iihvp mi pnnrmnnu yield this year, especially from fall sown grain. One field of John Ed- riino-s u.'ltlrli who tlirnulfil ' luuf. wuilr J averaged 38 bimhels to the acre. It 1h i rn niirl ul tli.tt- tm nviiui u-i 1 1 riiuin nt Kft 1'... ... b....v uiv j... a.., .rjsn txv cents per bushel. Goldendale Sentinel; February 0, 1888, the Oregon board of school hind commissioners loaned from the "Irreducible school fund" $2500 to Alex McKenna of, Grant county. Not long ago $1053.33 unpaid interest had accumulated, the interest and taxes being in default from almost the beginning" The unpaid tax amounted to $153 93. The presei t board of commissioners foreclosed the mwigage at a cost of $227, making the whole debt, due the school fund $3934. 26 and sold the property mortgaged for $700, making a loss of over $3200 to the school fund in this one transaction. Ji otes and Xews. Independence hop growers have de cided to pay 25 cents u box for picking. Albert Tozier has been appointed health officer of the city of Portland by Mayor Pen noyer. Benjamin C. Duniway, husband of Mrs. Abigail Scott Duniway, died at Portland, August 4th, aged 67 years, i The Moro Observer says all the or chards beyond Free Bridge to The Dalles have suffered more or less from grasshoppers, aud some are wholly de stroyed. Governor A. J. Smith of the soldiers' home at Leavenworth, Kansas, has is sued a notice that the institution is overcrowded, and that it would be a physical impossibility to receive more veterans for some time. The governor says the membership is close to 3,000, and that a dozen to 20 applicants are turned away daily. The California socialist labor conven tion adopted a platform protesting against the free coinage of silver on the ground that such action would be class legislation, Inasmuch as it is alleged it would benefit the debtor class at the expeuse of capitalists. The platform declares that free silver would not ben efit laboring men, as wage earners, it is said, are not as a rule debtors. Grasshoppers have eaten every blos som ana leaf ott the flowers growing on the graves In the Masonic cemetery. The only green thing left is a weeping willow at the grave of Mr. and Mrs. Cbas. Miller's baby. This Mrv Miller saved by building over it a wooden frame, which he covered fornti9 ground up with close wire screening. Fossil Journal. v - A good comparison of the extent of the fruit industry in the state ot Oregon can be made with that of Vacaville. The total output of the whole state will not exceed 200 carloads, while Va caville will send out about four times that, including dried fruit. - In the way of bragging a little we might ad that in 1894 over 2600 cars of green fruit, or thirteen times Oregon's crop, was grown in this township alone..? Vacaville (Cal.) Reporter. . . ... .'" It is a ivell known fact, disputed by none, that the price of wheat in this country is governed by the Liverpool price, notwithstanding we export only a small portion of our wheat compared with the amount we consume at home. In brief, the home price is always set by the export or world's price. Now, why can't we pass a law giving our farmers double the world's price as the price to be paid them for their wheat? Why.longer permit England to dictate the price of American wheat? The dastard who thinks the United States alone cannot double the price of its wheat, Independent of all other na tions, is lacking in courage and patriot4 ism. Fossil Journal. 1 List of Letters ' Remaining in the Hood River post , office uncalled fur Aug. 1, 1890: Allen, Thos ,. Jones, R Alkeril, Henry ' Limatiuen, John Arnups.S (Indian) Lemison, D C Bover, DeWitt C Mulligan, Chas D Creighton, Arthur McDonald, A . Clark, Mrs Thos Newcomb, Bert Copper, R D ... Ostierne, Wallace Collins, Nelson Richmond, C C Dallas.Mrs M (Ind) Smith, Mrs S W D'Arey, J F Slingleton, Mrs Fiber, Jacob Thomas, Roy E Garietz, Claude Taylor, Mrs'W H Johnson, Albert ' Wadson, Jas L. E. MORSE, P. M. FRUIT GROWING Is what this valley was made for, and the growing of fruit trees and plants Is what I am here for. The best varieties of Hood Kiver grown trees, and the largest stock of small fruits, etc., in the country, can be found at the COLUMBIA NURSERY H. C. Bateham, Prop'r. Contract Wanted. I am prepared to take a contract for catting cordwood, grubbing land, or uny kind of a job requiring labor. Call at Chinese wash house, Hood River. J. KING. NEW YORK WORLD. Thrice- a-week Edition. Eighteen pages a week, 156 papers a year. Is larger than any weekly or semi-weekly paper published and is the only Important demo cratic "weekly" published in New York city.' Three times as large as the leading republican weekly of New York city. It will be of espe cial advantage to you during the presidential campaign, as It Is published every other day, except Sunda-, and has all the freshness and timeliness of a daily. It combines all the news with a long list of interesting depart ments, unique features, cartoons and graphic Illustrations, the latter being a specialty. All these improvements have been made without any Increase In the cost, which remains atone dollar per year. We otter this unequaled newspaper and the Glacier together one year for (B.lo cash. INTERNA TIONAL XDICTIONAR Y A Grand Educator, Successor of the " Unabridged." Standard of the U. 8. Gov't Print ing Office, the U.S. Supreme Court and of nearly all the Schoolbooks. Warmly com mended by every State Superinten dent of Schools, and other Educa tors almost with out number. A College President write t "For " easts with which the eye finds the " word sought, for accuracy of defini tion, for effective methods in lndi " eating pronunciation, for terse yet " comprehensive statements of facts, " and for practical use as a working "dictionary, 'Webster's International' " excels any other single volume." The One Great Standard Authority. Hon, P, J. Brewer, Justice of the TT.. S. Supreme Court.wrltes : " The International Dictinnary Is the perfection of dictionaries. I commend it to all as the one great stand ard authority," I3F""A saving of three cents per day for a year win provide more tnan enough money to purchase a copy of the International. Can you afford to be without It? G. & C. XERRIAXC CO., Publishers, Sprlngtield, Mass., U.S. A. toSpnd to thft publishers for free Tinmntilct. - lo not Duy cneap reprints oi ancient editions. Cure for Headache. As a remedy for all forms of headache Electric Bitters has proved to be the very best. It effects a permanent cure, and the most dreaded habitual sick headaches yield to. Its influence. We urge all who are afflicted to procure a bottle and give t his remedy a fair trial. In cases of habitual constipation, Elec tric. Bitters cures by giving che needed tone to the bowels, and few cases long resist the use of this medicine. Try it once. Fifty cents and $1 a bottle. For sale at the 'flood River Pharmacy. . -NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Land Office at Vancouver. Wash., Aug. 1, 18M. Notice is hereby given that the foliow- ing-namea settler nas niea nonce ot ins inlentionto make final proof in support of his claim, and that said proof will be made before the Register and Receiver U". 8. Land OfI)ce at Vancouver, Wash., on Sept. 10, 1896, viz: ) WALTER J. BATES, H. E. No. 8218, for the northeast) ' section 15, township 3 north, range 11 east, W. M. He names the following witnesses to prove his continuous residence upon and cultiva tion of, said land, viz: Lyman E. Lindsav. Henry Johnston. Will- lam B. Jones and Jacob E. Jacobson, all of White Salmon, Klickitat county, wash. . a7sll GEO. H. STEVENSON, Register. $16 a Month Will buy a house and two lots in Hood River. Also, organ for sale cheap, and household furniture., . 8. R. HUSBANDS. Lateral Ditch Co. Notice is hereby given -that the 'annual meeting of stockholders of the Lateral Bitch Company for the election of officers is called for Saturday, August 8, 1898, at 1 p. m. By or der of the president. J. T. NEFF, Secretary. Hood River, July 27, 1896. Fruit Farm for Sale. 1 will sell my place, 2 miles from the town of Hood River, near a graded school, contain ing 40 acres, good house and barn, strong spring, wind mill, V acres in -orchard, acre in strawberries, all fenced, for S1600. nl FRED HOWE, Hood River. AUBURN, SMITH & CO., is , Wholesale dealers In . .. Fruits and Produce, 134-133 Front St., Portland, Or. Consignments and correspondence solicited. Ju5 Irrigating Notice. f --.- ' Owing to the limited amount of water that can be furnished for Irrigation, the Hood River Spring Water Co. has adopted the iouowing regulations: Parties living south of Oak street will lrrl gate from 5 to 9 o'clock, p. m., and those liv ing nortn oi same street, rrom u to V a.-m, In irrigating, the regulation half-Inch nozzle must be used, and the water applied in the form of spray or sprinkle and in no other manner. All water for irrigating must be applied and paid for before using. Any violation of these rules will subject the parties so oftending to forfeiture of the privi lege oi irrigation. HOOD RIVER SPRING WATER CO, Jul tf Paper Hanging. E. L. Rood, who has had 8 years' experience In the businessof paintingand paper hanging, is now prepared to do this kind of work for citizens of Hood River. He can -furnish- the paper and put It on your walls at Portland prices. . . - - . . .:- , WM. T1LLETT, Proprietor. Grower and dealer In choice Nursery stock. He has the only stock of the Yakima Apple, The best of red apples, and as long a keeper as the Yellow Newtown. I have aboul 20,000 apple trees of the best va rieties growing in my nursery. All standard varieties are grafted from the best stock In Hood River. . Jel5. NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Land Office at The Dalles, Oregon, July 1, 189B. Notice Is hereby given that the follow ing named settler has filed notice of his in tention to make final proof in support of his claim, and that said proof will be made before ReKlstel- and Receiver at The Dalies, Oregon, on September 5, 1896, viz: ROSANNAH McKAMEY, Hd. E. No. 4218, for the southeast 4 section 32, township 1 north range 10 east, W. M. He names the fallowing witnesses to prove his continuous residence upon and cultiva tion of, said land, viz: Mrs. Anna Kese, William Rodenhiser, Da vid R. Cooper and A. H. Tleman.all of Mount Hood, Oregon. - JAS. F. MOORE, i Jy24a20 , Register. NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Land Office at Vancouver, Wash., July 10, 1896. Notice Is hereby given that the following-named settler has filed notice of Ills in tention to make final proof In support of his claim, and that said proof will be made be- rore w. t. uunoar, commissioner u. s. uir cuit Court for District of Washington, at his office in Goldendale, Wash., on Sept. 5, 1890, viz: . . JOHN O. TUPPER, H. E. No. 7977, for the southwest V of north west Va. and west of southwest id section 17 and northwest ot northwest hi section 20, township 4 north, range 12 east, W. M.------.- He-names the following witnesses to Drove his continuous residence upon and cultivation of, said land, viz:, Henry Stacker, James Fitz, -Lewis C.Wright and John R, Hensell, all of Lyle P. O., Wash. un,u. i. aim v Jiiv huj , Jyl7a21 Register. ' NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Land Office at Vancouver, Wash., July 9, 1896. Notice is hereby given that the follow ing named settler has filed notice of his in tention to make final proof In support of his claim, and that said proof will be made before the Register and Receiver U. 8. Land Office, at Vancouver, Wash., on August 21, 189ii, viz: JOE WILLIAMS (Indian), H. E. No. 8227. for the southwest section 17, township 4 north, range 11 east. W. M. He names the following witnesses to prove his continuous residence upon and cultiva tion of, said land, viz: -..Timothy George, Johnnie Slowtie, Hen nix and George Gilmore, all of White Salmon, Wash. Also, Jl- CHARLIE QUAEMPTO (Indian), H. E. No. 8881, for the northwest section 12, township H north, range 10 east, W. M. f He names the following witnesses lo prove his continuous residence upon and cultivation of, said land, viz: Johnnie Slowtie, Cox, James Butler and Joe Williams, all of White Salmon, Wash. And TIMOTHY GEORGE (Indian),' H. E.'No. 8053. for the south y .southeast y. section 34, township 4 north, range 10 east,and lots 1 and 2, section 3, township 3 north, range 10 east, W. M. He names the following witnesses to prove his continuous residei.eo upon and cultiva tion of, said land, viz: . Joe Williams, Charlie KunkI, Johnnie Slow tie and Jacob Hunt, all of White Salmon Wash. GEO. H. STEVENSON, jyl7au21 . Register. THE OLD J. H. FERGUSON, American Watchmaker, proprietor, is still doing business stolid. Watchescleaned, 50 cents; main springs, 50 cents, AU work warranted, of Watches and Jewelry for sale at bottom prices. Fruit & Produce Commission IVIerchants HELENA, Consignments solicited. Returns promptly made. We can refer to the Hood River r run growers- union, lor wnose strawberries we netted last season the highest average price they obtained In any market, and also to maay individual shippers in Hood River, Mosier and The Dalles, who ship to us euch season. ,- GEO. P. CROWELL, Successor to E. L. Smith Oldest Established House In the valley .J .' DEALER IN ' 33x37" G-oods, Clot:b.Ixa.g:, and - ' :: , Flour, Feed, Etc., Etc. - k HOOD RIVER, - - - - OREGON WOLFARD & FERGUSON, ';;' ,': dealers in '"' ' "Sell only M.Q W0St Prices We invite trade of close buyers. WE WANT YOUR TRADE. UNDERTAKER AND EMBALMER orABufid.ng Wall Paper, Paints, Oils, etc., etc. Agent for the Bridal Veil Lumber Company. All the best variety of .Apples, including Yakima, Gano, Arkansas Block, etc., and all other kinds of nursery stock kept constantly on hand. Prices will be made satisfactory. Buy your trees at the home nursery and save expense and damasre. v We are here to stay. : H. C BATEHAM, Columbia Nursery. "WEST KEEP CONSTANTLY ON 'HAND Choice Fresh Meats, Hams, Bacon, Lard, ' .- y And All Kinds of Game. ,;Y ALSO, DEALERS IN ', FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. HOOD RIVER, - ,.- - - OREGON. MOUNTAIN STAGE AND LIVERY CO. - OF HOOD RIVER, OR., WILL CONDUCT GENERAL toil Comfortable conveyances to all parts of Hood River Valley and vicinity. Heavy dr ay ing and transferring done with care and promptness. Also, dealers in A G R I CULT URA L I MP LE M EN T S And Vehicles of All Kinds. Call andjsee our stock.and get prices; they are interesting. Frnit Rancli for Sale GMap. Situated i miles west of -the town of Hood River, on the Columbia. Free from late frosts, Full crop of all kinds of fruit now on ranch. Fine irrigating facilities and water for that purpose belonging to place. Call at Glacier office or at ranch. F. R. ABSTEN. ' Here's a Bargain. Forty-six and one-half acres, 35 acres in cul tivation, 10 acres being in orchard; 800 8-year-old and 700 a-year-old apple, trees; plenty of cherries, prunes, pears, peaches, and numer ous small fruits for family use. - Good farm' bui Idinzs, besides a good team and harness, worth J250. One light and 1 heavy wagon, 1 cow and farming iuipliments. The best buy In Hood River valley. Price SiXIO cash. Call on or address J. B, HUNT, Hood River Qr i RELIABLE at the old A fine line MONTANA; for CASH at in all kind Materials, NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Land Office at The Dalles, Oregon, July 7, 1890. Notice is hereby given that the follow--ing named settler has filed notice of bis In tention to make final proof in support of hlg claim, and that said proof will be made before Register and Receiver at The Dalles, Oregon, on August 18, 1898, viz: WILLIAM J. CAMPBELL, Hd. E. No. 3957, for the northwest southeast section 27, township 3 north, range 10 eat, He names the following witnesses to prove his continuous residence upon and cultiva tion of said land, viz: T. E. Wlckens, B, Warren, Fred Howe, and E. D. Calkins, all of Hood River. JylOauIl JAM. F. MOORE, Register. . Harness Repairing. t will be ready for repairing and filling har ness after January 1st. Farm products will be taken in trade. Leave harness for repair tngat Blowers' store Highest price paid fof Hides.- (d20J E. D. CALKINS. Hi E S -