The
Hood
River
Glacier.
It's a Cold Day When , We Get Left.
VOL. 7.
HOOD RIVER, OREGON, FRIDAY. JANUARY 17, 18.
NO. 34.
3(ood Iftver Slacier.
PUBLISHED EVBBY FRIDAY BY
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EVENTS OF THE DAY
EPITOME OF THE TELEGRAPHIC
NEWS OF THE WORLD.
An Interesting Collection of Item From
the Two Hemisphere Presented In m
;, Condensed Form A Large Amount
''of Information In a Small Space.
Reoent census figures show that in
. ten years Massachusetts has lost in
population.
A severe shook of earthquake was
recently felt in New Westminster and
most portions of the Fraser valley. '
The Amerioan bark Arcturus parted
her cable and went to pieces on the
rooks at Santa Rosalia, Cal. . One man
was drowned.
Fire1 in the Chicago Forge & Bolt
Company plant did $75,000 damage.
The plant is owned by the American
Bridge Company.
The secretary of the interior has ap
proved the selection of 1,300,000 acres
of land in the Bismarok, N. D. , distriot,
and 686,000 acres in Montana made by
v the Northern Paoiflo.
' The members of the Venezuela com
mission met in Washington : and re
ceived their commissions from Seoetary
Olney, and were administered the oath .
of offloe,'.and elected their offloers.
' The Cheyenne north-bound passenger
train was wrecked at , Chugwater,
Wyo., by running into a bunch of cat
tle in a out . Fireman Parker was
killed and Engineer O'Neill hurt
Four ooaohes werd derailed. "
The National Association of Manu
facturers of the United States will
shortly hold their annual meeting in
Chioago. Particular attention will be
given to the Nicaragua oanal, the con
vention favoring the government own
ership of the great waterway.
The reoent 'massacre' at Ormah is
stated to have been terrible. Official
dispatches Admit 900 . Christians Were
killed, but acoording to private ao
oounts about 2,000 Christians were
killed.' A massaore is said to have oc
curred at Birejik, an important town
on the Euphrates. - This outrage is be
lieved to have been oommited by Kurds
and Hamedios in the colony. The am
bassadors have received word that the
bloodshed there was xeoeptionally seri
ous. A large meeting of the Allegheny
County Bar Association was recently
held in Philadelphia to deoide the ques
tion whether women should be ad
mitted to praotioe. - The women were
victorious by a vote of more than 10 to
1, consequently they will be accorded
the same privileges as their male col
leagues.' The 'question was decided
after a lively disoussion of a resolution,
whioh called on the judges to prohibit
women from becoming membera of the
bar in Allegheny oounty. - -
Another ' uprising J has occurred in
Fpromsa; . . .
At a hotel fire in Altoona, Pa., three
people were killed by a falling wall. ,
Meetings are being held in Chioago
to devise means to aid the suffering
Armenians. .''..'.,: ,
In a railroad wreck in South' Africa
twenty-eight persons were killed and
twenty-three seriously injured.
Nearly 1,000 chests of tea of the
cargo of the . big tramp steamer
Afrida were" damaged on the voyage
from Yokohama to San Francisco, and
gome of the stuff will be a total loss.'
An oten switch, caused by the care
lessness of a . conductor resulted in a
collision - of a freight and passenger
train near i Chihoothe.O. . Six people
were killed and many more were in
jured;- - :
A Chicasro. Milwaukee & St Paul
rain crashed into a funeral procession
at Plina street, Chioago, injuring five
persons.. One of the oarriage drivers
was thrown fifty feet, but none of the
injured will die.
Monsismore Satolli, apostolic dele
gate to the United States, has been
raised to the rank of cardinal of the
church. The ceremony, which took
Jaoe at the venerable cathedral in Eal
timore, consisted in conferring the red
berretta, significant of the high station.
Two children, aged 7 and 8 years,
were oaptured by- the police in San
Franoisoo, in the act of robbing a
store. They had been assisted by
larger boys in securing an entrance,
and confessed, to having had previously
entered another store in the same man
ner. ' "
At Albany., N. Y,, the climax of one
of the most dramatic and sensational
oriminal incidents of the state's history
was made publio when, just forty
eight hours prior to the execution of
the death sentence of Bartholomew
Shea, another man confessed to the
murder, and Shea stepped from beneath
the shadow of death thrown by the
eleotrio chair. Preparations for the
execution had been made, the state eleo
trioian was already upon the . ground.
The whole Cuban island outside of
the city of Havana is now in the hands
of the insurgents. ' They have not an
nihilated the Spanish forces, 'nor have
they routed the whole army . in any
single pitched battle; yet the situation
is practically in their hands, and so
completely have they outgeneraled the
Spanish that, to all appearances, Mar
tinez Campos' army might as well be
in Spain for any oheok it has upon the
movements of Gomez's army,
A speoial from Washington says: A
more important issue than that over the
Venezuela boundary may be raised be
tween the United States ana Great
Britain if reoent reports from Nica
ragua shall be confirmed by later de
velopments. ' The substance of these
reports, sustained by important evi
dence, is that British interests are
reaching out for the oontrol of the
Nicaragua canal, and that the govern
ment is being urged to annul the char
ter to the existing corporation. , ;
Secretary Carlisle has made publio a
circular on the subject of the new bond
issue. The loan will be a "popular"
one, and the circular, which is dated
January 6, gives notice that the gov
ernment will sell $100,000,000 80-year
4 per cent Coupon or registered bonds,
dated February 1; 1895, for whioh pur
chasers will be required to pay in gold
coin or gold certificates. . . This will be
the first issue by .the present adminis
tration of such a large amunt of bonds
at one time. The ciroluar also contains
an intimation of a possible further
issue of bonds . should the . issue
or sale of an additional or different
f ornvfof bond for the maintenance of
the gold reserve be , authorized by law
before February 5. - '
Disastrous prairie fires in Western
Kansas, have caused . great loss of life
and property.
An explosion . of ; natural gas in a
Chioago tenement house wrecked - a
building and injured three people. ' .
The gross earnings of the Northern
Paoiflo for six months ended December
31, were $11,588,148 an inorease of
$1,625,533.
A board of naval officers has been ap
pointed by the navy department for in
vestigating the condition of the nine
monitors lying at the League island
yard, Philadelphia.
" Disorders have ooourred in the East
End of London growing out of the fact
that the German and Dutch sailors
about the docks were hissed. The
windows of the shops kept by German
Jews were broken, and several German
olubs were closed.
The London Times in an editorial,
reminds the United States that
whether we have troubles in Europe
and Africa or not, we will not yield on
the Venezuela question. We have in
sulted nobody, but if we are compelled
to fight we shall be" ready to defend
what is worth fighting for.
Stephen V. Emmons, a prominent
gold miner of New York, has addressed
an open letter to President Cleveland,
setting forth a unique plan for main
taining the treasury reserve. , His
suggestion is that if ' the seoretary of
the treasury will put himself in com
munication with the owners of gold
mines throughout the country, he can
cause the entire product of the, United
States to be at the. disposal of the gov
ernment in exohange for silver coin.
He promises the oo-operation of all his
interests.
At the request of Senators Mitchell
and MoBride the seoretary of the in
terior has direoted a special agent of
the department to proceed to Oregon
immediately, to make such investiga
tions as can be made at this 'season of
the year in relation to the alleged ap
propriation and , occupation of . lands
within the Bull Run reservation (irom
which Portland reoeives its water sup
ply), the pasturing of cattle and sheep
thereon, and the destruction of timber
by forest fires and trespassers. This
agent is direoted. by the seoretary to
oonfer with the chairman and other
officers of the Portland Water Company
and their attorneys, to co-operate with
them in every way.
The rebel ohieftan, : Gungunhana,
who has been making war on the Por
tuguese in Mozambique, South Afrioa,
has been captured, and the rebellion
will be terminated. ; , : .
Judge Morrow, of Sari Franoisoo,
gave judgment in the sum of $800 to a
passenger who was refased acoommo
dation on the steamer Willamette
Valley for the reason that he had a
scalper s tioket.
OREGON'S POPULATION
RAPID INCREASE NOTED SINCE
, THE YEAR 1890.
Interesting;, and Spicy News Notes From
Our Sister States Notable Increase
in Agricultural Products Mining and
Dairying Oregon.
There are five stamp mills now in
Jackson oounty.
The Columbia river is how lower
than it has been for many years.
Of forty-three vessels examined by
the health officers at Astoria, during
the last quarter, no contagious diseases
were found. . ".:
The total sales of land through the
office of the board of school land com
missioners during' 1895 was 71,923
acres at the value of $92,956.
A cargo of . lumber is strewn along
Elk Beaoh for miles, whioh is supposed
to have been floated off the decks of
lumber schooners during the late storm.
Sturgeon fishing has become quite an
industry around The Dalles. Several
large catches are reported in that dis
trict, a ' reoent one !' weighing 425
pounds. i
The Southern Miners'. Association
has formed a permanent organization
at Grant's Pass. ' About 200 miners
were present and genuine enthusiasm
prevailed.
Wheat is now moving out of Pendle
ton about as rapidly as the railroad oan
handle it The movement was started
by a reoent.' bulge when 400,000 bush
els were sold at 40 cents net.
The Polk oounty census returns show
2,440 legal voters. . The entire popula
tion is 9,193. Over 2,000,000 pounds
of hops were' raised; 795,951 bushels
of wheat, and 530,507 bushels of oats.
The Coos Bay Creamery Associa
tion paid in aotual cash to its milk re
ducers during 1895, $13,600. Notwith
standing the low price of butter this
season, the year was fully as good as
in 1894. J : ," , '" , '
Work on the construction of the
freezing and packing houses, at Goble,
is progressing as rapidly as possible.
The machinery will arrive this month
and the establishment will be ready for
operation by May.
Mrs. . Warren, the first white 'child
born in Oregon, and one of the sur
vivors of the Whitman massaore, was
reoently married to William Cochran.
The couple have moved to San Jose,
Cal. The bride was 60 years old at the
time of her marriage.
The estimated amount of revenue to
be raised this year, $783,000, is based
upon the assumption that, if the ordin
ary "expenses of government are the
same as last year, $94,524, the excesses
will amount to $88,459,. which will
bring last year's figures. up to, in round
numbers, $783,000.' This would give
a rate of 5.4 mills.
The promoters of the Oregon sum
mer- school have formed a corporation
with a capital stook of $20,000, divided
into 2,0,000 shares. - The objeots of the
Association arc to advanoethe standard
and efficiency, of the teachers of the
various eduoational institutions of the
state of Oregon, It is intended to
maintain and conduct one or more
schools and to provide lectures and in
struction on pedagogics and the asso
ciated sciences.
Most of the shipments from Portland
to the Sandwioh islands up to this
time, have . been bran, feed, shorts,
middlings, etc.,-- and some lumber,
while fruit, bananas and oranges have
been brought back; The Oregon Rail
way & Navigation Company have ar
ranged that their ..outgoing steamers
Will oall at the islands, and if sufficient
trade they will call on their way baok
here, , Feed, fertilizer, lumber and
flou are , the products whioh. Oregon
intends to ship to that point '
" The total population ; of Oregon is
about 878,000, a gain of more than
100 per cent over 1885, and of 18 per
cent over 1890, Between 1880 and
1890 the state inoreased at the rate of
79.63 per cent. Inorease has been
more rapid, ' therefore, between 1885
and 1895, than between 1880 and 1890.
On the other hand, the rate of inorease
was greater between 1885 and 1890
than between 1890 and 1895. It will
never be as' , large again, beoause &a
greater . immigration - will- bear a
smaller proportion to the whole. ' Ore
gon gained 94.65 per - cent between
1850 and 1860 because the original
population was so small that the im
migration of that era exceeded it The
gain of 18 per cent between 1890 and
1895 is just about such as shown by
states whioh are growing, but not re
ceiving Considerable immigration,
New York gained 18 per cent between
1880 and 1890.
' . Washington.
A new logging camp has been estab
lished at Sunnyside, on Lake What
com. .
,The large log jam in the Coweeman in
Cowlitz county, was broken with dyna
mite. .- '. ; -.- -'
Adams county claims not to have had
a sheriff's sale advertised for two
months. , .
Waitsburg is discussing the matter
of putting in a pumping system during
the dry season. y
E. P. Brinnon, a pioneer of Jefferson
oounty, is dead. The town of Brinnon
was named after him.
Snohomish expeots to add an import
ant industry this year to' her resources,
namely: a beet sugar faotory.
The teaohers of Walla Walla oounty
have decided to have a permanent or
ganization, to hold a monthly meeting
at Walla Walla, Waitsburg. Presoott
and Dixie.
The new fish oannery at Richardson
will be completed during the coming
Maroh. Its oapaoity will be 60,000
oases and will ; employ not less than
twenty people. , .'
The Watcom board of tracte has ap
pointed a committee to look up a site
for the Lynden creamery on Belling
ham bay, where good shipping facili
ties can be had.
The merchants and ship owners of
San FranoiBco and. Puget sound con
template a telegraph line from Tatoosh
island to Gray's Harbor. This stretch
of country is totally nnoovered. ".'
The executive committee of the
Northwest Mining Association have
decided to call a convention on Febru
ary 22, at Spokane. Invitations will
be extended to the state Officials of
Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Mon
tana. - ;,v
The Everett school board has deter
mined to bond the outstanding indebt
edness of the district, and then to put
expenses on a cash basis. . .The board
is not inclined to issue any more war
rants. The problem it has to solve is
to run the school without giong in
debt '
The leading educators of this state
are to hold , an important meeting in
Spokane, next summer to organize a
society and take action for a unifica
tion of the publio school system of
Washington, including the state uni
versity, agricultural college and state
normal sohools. " -
As a result of the prospecting done
by a diamond drill on the coal proper
ties of the Everett and . Monte Cristo
Company, about three and i one-half
miles southeast of Granite "Falls, a
tributary to the town of Everett, it has
been decided to develope ' the property
by sinking a shaft. ; ;
The salmon pack statistics for the
Columbia river for 1895 show: Spring ;
pack Chinook salmon, 437,810 cases;
bluebacks, ' and steelheads, 52,566
oases. Total value, $2,711,853.75;:
amount paid for fish, $1,776,547. '
Allowing one-half the catch to the
Washington fishermen makes the
amount received by the fishermen of
Washington for spring salmon deliver
ed to canneries $888,278. 50. Fall paok
92,86 -cases of silvers! des, 81,500
oases of Chinook, 3, 500 cases of steel
head; total, 187,086 oases, valued at
$456,50960. '..
. Idaho. .''.
A new lumbering enterprise has just
been started at South B6ise. The mill
cost $40,000 and will cut about 4,000,
000 feet this year. The maximum ca
pacity is 40,000 feet per day. ? ;
A coal mine has been located about
twenty-five miles from Idaho Falls.
It is a superior quality of coal, and oan
be delivered at that place for $3.50
per ton, one-half of the prioe of soft
coal at the present time. It is a very
light coal, free from iron and with
great heat. A road is to be constructed
to the mine. , '
A oompahy has been organized whioh
has seonred deeds to ' gravel bars and
water rights about the Horseshoe Bend
to Salmon river. It is the object of
the company to construct a large cut'
through the neck of the bend which
will be 18,000 feet long, and by this
means drain 9,000 feet of the present
river channel. , . ... V-.-'"--
A Chicago capitalist Is about' to
launch on the Snake river a veritable
floating mining oamp. On the- boat
there is a good sized boarding and
lodging house to acommodate 150
miners an immense stationary .engine
and boilers together with dredgers and
pumps of all sizes. - This mechanical
boat battery will move up and down
Snake river : working the banks,, for
gold., ;- '' v . .r; .,:
The 'report of Wells, Fargo & Com
pany gives the total mineral production
of Idaho, in 1895, at $7,853,820, an
inorease of $511,900 over last year.
Of this production the gold was $2,521,
000; silver $2,807,450; lead, $2,026,
680. The difference between Wells-
Fargo's total and the assay office esti
mate is ' largely accounted for by the
different value per ounce of silver, the
mint using the coinage value and
Wells-Fargo the commercial price.
The difference, 62 cent, ' amounts to
$2,600,000. ' '. ' ;';'"y.; ; ;
' '. .-Montana. , . ; .
A new hotel is to be built early in
the spring at the Old Hunter's Hot
Springs resort. . .
The Odd Fellows at Belt have let a
contract .for a new building The
lower floor is to be used as a public
hall. ;.; '; '.'' .
A stucco oompany has been incor
porated with a capital stock of $15,000.
It is to work the gypsum fields at
Kibbey.
PRESIDENT'S LETTER
CLEVELAND WRITES TO SENA-
TOR CAFFERY.
No Agreement With a Syndicate, and
Neither Banker Nor Financier In
cited to Washington to Arrange for
the Disposition of Bonds.
Washington, Jan. 11. The debate
on the Elkins resolution in the senate
last Friday, when the administration
was accused by several senators of
having entered into an agreement with
the syndioate to float the expected issue
of bonds, is the subject of a letter writ
ten Sunday, January 5, by President
Cleveland to Senator Caffery. The
knowledge that suoh a letter had been
addressed to Mr. Caffery was obtained
tonight, and the letter was made publio
by the latter. It is in the handwriting
of the president, and covers six pages
of olosely written paper. It is as fol
lows: : ' ' ; ,'':'
"I have read today in the Congres
sional Reoord the debate in the senate
Friday, concerning the financial situa
tion and the bond issues. ' I am amazed
at the intolerance that leads even ex
cited partisanship to adopt as a basis of
attack the unfounded accusations and
assertions of a maliciously mendacious
and sensational newspaper.
"No banker or financier, nor any
other human being, haB been invited to
visit Washington for the purpose of ar
ranging in any way or manner for the
disposition of bonds to meet the present
or future needs of the gold reserve.
No arrangement of any kind has been
made for the disposition of such bonds
to any syndicate, or through the agency
of any syndioate. No assurance of such
a disposal of bonds has been directly or
indirectly given to any person. In
point of fact, a decided leaning toward
a popular loan and advertising for
bids has been plainly exhibited on the
part of the administration at all times
when the subject was under disoussion.
"Those charged with the responsi.
bility of maintaining our gold reserve,,
so far as legislation renders it possible,
have anxiously conferred with eaoh
other, and, as occasion permitted, .with
those having knowledge of ; financial
and of the monetary conditions as to
the best and most favorable means of
selling bonds for gold.
-. "The usual importance of a suooess
ful result if the attempt is again made
ought to be apparent to every American
citizen who bestows upon . the subject a
moment's patriotic thought.
The secretary of the treasury from
the first moment that another sale of
bonds seemed to be approaching desired
to offer them if issued to the people by
a publio , advertisement if they could
thus be successfully disposed of. After
full consideration he came to the con
clusion to which I fully agree that the
amount of gold in the reserve being
now $20,000,000 more than it was in
February last, when a sale of bonds
was made to a syndioate, and other
conditions differing from those then
existing, : justify . us in offering the
bonds now about to be for sale by popu
lar subscription. : .;
"This Is the entire matter, and all
those particulars could have been easily
obtained by any member of the senate
by simple inquiry. -
"If Mr. Morgan, or any one else,
reasoning from his own standpoint, .
brought himself to the belief that the
government would be constrained to
sell bonds again to a syndicate, I sup
pose he would have a perfect right, if
he ohose, to take such steps as seemed
to him prudent to' put himself in con
dition to negotiate.
I expect , an issue of bonds will be
advertised for sale tomorrow, and bids
to be invited, not only for those allowed
by law, but for such other and differ
ent bonds as congress may authorize
during the pendency of the advertise
ment f "- ';-: '' " . ? .
"Not having had an opportunity to
oonfer with you in person since the
present session of oongress, and notic
ing your participation in the debate of
last Friday, I have though it not amiss
to put you in possession of the facts
and of the : information herein con
tained..? '---"--- -'-
; Six Hundred People Killed.
. Teheran, , Persia, Jan. 1 1. Two
earthquakes occurred in the district of
Knalkaly. , The first ooourred the
night of January 2. ' The large village
of Janjabad was destroyed and several
others partially , destroyed. Three
hundred persons were killed.' , The sec
ond shock occurred January 5, and
was very severe. It was felt over an
area of ten miles. The town of Goi
was destroyed and thousands of houses
demolished. In addition great damage
was done many villages. The loss of
life was very great There were 600
persons killed in Goi alone, and a large
number of cattle and sheep perished.
, Italian Victory in Abyssinia. ,
Rome, Jan. 11. News is reoeived
that the Italians in Abyssinia have de
feated ' Emperor Menelik's forces at
Makelth, the engagement taking plaoe
January 7. The Shoans lost heavily,
while the Italians had only three of
the native troops killed and a few
wounded. ,':
THE : NEW TARIFF;
What the Great Dailies Are Saying A
About the New Emergency Bill.
New York Times. :
This is a "general tariff bill."
Those who said in the majority report
of the ways and means . committee and '
on the floor of the house that it is not
suoh a bill knew that they were guilty
of deliberate .misrepresentation. The
bill changes every duty in the present
tariff, except those relating to sugar,
and it also takes wool and lumber from
the free list. Why should any one
deny that suoh a measure is "a general
tariff bill?" And so the programme is
laid out to take wool from the free
list now, imposing theMcKinley duties
on the carpet . makers' raw material
and 60 percent of the MoKinley du
ties on clothing wool, with a corre
sponding inorease for woolens, and to
enlarge all the other rates by 15 per
cent; "in 1897-98" toenaot the entire .
McKinley tariff, or something, worse; :
to subject all business interests to
tariff agitation ' during this 'session of
con cress, dnrintr the nnlitinal nnmnnicrn .
of next year, and (if the Republicans '
snail win at - the polls in 1896) during
the two years thereafter. How do
business men like this prospect? . '
Our Progress Is Threatened.
Philadelphia Times.)
The many and various arguments
against an inorease of the tariff are
reinforced by the latest treasury state
ment, which shows the revenues for
the past six months to have been
$8,000,000 greater than in the corre
sponding period of 1894 and the ex
penditures $4,000,000 less. While re
fined mineral oils and their produots
represent nearly a fourth of this value,
the inorease in the exports of iron and
steel, machinery, leather and manufao-
tures, china and glass, ohemioals, silk '
fabrics, and several other items, is
even more remarkable, showing conclu
sively the influence of lower duties, ''
especially on raw materials, in enabl
ing American manufacturers to enter
the markets of the world. This most ,
valuable progress the tariff proposed
by the house of representatives would
abruptly destroy.
Only Temporary Expedient..
Philadelphia North American.
The president cannot shape the
polioy of the Republican party. He
asks for help, and he must expect help
as Republicans may see fit to prescribe
it. He will probably accept uoh help
as is foreshadowed by the house. Hav
ing led the country into embarrass
ments, the Democrats cannot exneot to
be permitted to devise the means of
getting back to firm ground. They
had that privilege last year, antl utterly
failed to raise to the level of the oc-' '
oasion. None of the measures offered'
are the embodiment of the polioy of thei
Republioan party. They are provided
for the emergenoy, are merely tem
porary expedients to tide over a diffl-
oulty that only a powerful remedy oan
remove.
A Very Big Job. ' ' '
. Utiea Observer. , . - ' - ,
The ways and means committee of
the house of representatives have under,-.
taken a very large job in trying to
palm off a measure for protection as a
measure that complies with President
Cleveland's request. There has been
no greater fraud attempted on the
American people. It is peculiarly
reprehensible because it is taking ad
vantage of a publio crisis to impose an '
unjust, iniquitous and repudiated . ,
policy of taxation upon the American
people.
Not a Party Measure.: -'. . ..-j;
Pittsburg DIspstch. ,
The tariff bill, while passed by a
party vote, is not a party measure. No,.
protectionist would acoept, as a tariff .
settlement, the preservation of the in-'
congruities of the Wilson aot with a
15 per cent raise. It ought to be recog
nized by the Democrats that the ac
ceptance of the Wilson schedules, as a -basis
for an increase of revenue; is just
what it claims to be, , a temporary
measure to provide revenue enough to
stop the swelling of the publio debt v
The Syndicate Condemned."
" Cincinnati Enquirer J v . . ..'.-j :
If the managers of the majority in
the house were in real earnest abont
this business of finance, why did they
not proceed to investigate the much
condemned transaction under whioh a v
syndioate made an enormous and un v
natural profit out of the taxpayers of '
the United States?
An Unfair Assumption.
New York World . ' "
It is currently said - that the senate '
will not pass this bill of relief. The "
assumption is unfair, v There- is no
warrant for saying that the senate will J
refuse to pass an aot so obviously. ''
neoessary for the relief of the treasury
under oonditons suoh as those that now
exist. - .
Why Democrats Oppose. 1
Philadelphia Inquirer. - - '
The Democrats attaok this bill be- -cause
it is a step away from the Wilson-
Cleveland abomination. These Demo-,
orats declare that we. do not need
money. That is funny. Great public
enterprises are still held up. The,.
Philadelphia mint, for instance, lan
guiahes. , -. '
v - v