The Columbia register., April 20, 1906, MAGAZINE SECTION, Image 12

; votPVj PIwinflGniesU and lan MjUng. v A 7
! clv U,,0TT M,TCHflL w.vX
On loofctn at the accompanying
rlrtures nouKl not think that those
rre pictures of a "College Field
Iay." tut such it the case.
Lt year the School of Agriculture
of the "ntversitr of Minnesota varied
a little from the usual field (lay pro
gram, and added two new features to
th regular field day sjvrts.
The first was a hitching up contest
O. K. Lathrop. of the Senior Claw,
took second prue, with a score of SI
per ceut.. and
V. 1. ivterson. of the Junior Class,
third prize, with a score of SO per
cent.
The rest of the contestants of course
got no prize, but they got something
much more valuable. They found that
they could plow, and plow right This
in which both girls and boys took part; j conviction will remain with them al-
THE WINNER Of 5eCONDPCIZC AND HIS TEAM.
THE FIELD Of BATTLE
tht other Lfr feature was a plowing
contest in tlch only boys partici
pated. Plowing Is not altogether a
bad sport either, no matter in what
light you look upon It. This was il
lustrated ty th participants who
proved to the spectator that in ordr
to be a good plowman, on must be
somewhat of a civil engineer, as well
as an excellent horseman.
Plowing as commonly don Is often
considered as drudgery, and so It is
for the thoughtless, careless plowman,
who has no other object in view than
that of making the field look black.
But there Is no other farm operation
which requires mors knowledge to un
derstand or more skill to do well, than
does the simple art of p'.owine. The
contestants had in Kind making a
Ftraieht furrow of even d";.:h and
width, turning it squarely ovc-r so as
to cover all stubtte and !.. Each
one took pains to fart !n squarely and
evenly and to drive straight out at
the ends so as not to kav the least
curve. There was no time to dream
or gaze about to gee w hat some one else
was doing. All the plowman's skill
and ability were taxed to the utmost.
ways, and they will V bttr farmers
and better oltlzens for oaring entered
the plowing contest.
To many of the onlookers the con
test was a revelation. Farmers and
farmers' ions, who hav plowed for
days and months, never before saw
such plowing, and many went bom de
termined to plow as they saw It done.
It has been decided to make this a
permanent feature of the annual field
day.
The greensward Is th canvas vpon
which all architectural and landscape
effects ar produced. A lawn may
vary in extent from a few square feet
at the Fide steps leading to the brown
stone front of the city dwelling to the
broad acres of extensive parks. It
matters little whether the extent of a
lawn be great or small, Its Inherent
qualities are the eame, and its Intrin
sic worth 13 determined by its charac
ter and the manner in which it is
kept. Green gras is not only of great
economic value, but it is also of great
aesthetic value. The herbage of the
field Is the primary dependence of all
animal life, and it Is the green color,
the sweet fragrance, and th soothing j
lcner&l ftreatly modified because) of
building operations or necessary grad
ing. The soil with which on has to
deal, therefor. U seldom a normal toll
of th locality. In general. It Is a
portion of the surfac soil mixed with
more or less of the subsoil which has
come from excavation. In making th
foundations or a bouse,
Th Ideal soil for grasses best suit
ed for lawn making is one which is
moderately moist and contains a con
siderable percentage of clay a soil
which is somewhat retentive of mois
ture, but never becomes excessively
wet, and Is Inclined to be heavy and
compact rather than light, loose, and
sandy. A strong clay loam or a sandy
loam, underlaid by a clay subsoil. Is
undoubtedly the nearest approach to
an Ideal soil for a lawn; It, therefor,
should be the alra In establishing a
lawn to approach as near as Is possible
to one or the other of these types of
soil. In many localities It will, how
ever, be very difficult to produce by
any artificial means at one's command
a soil which will approach In texture
either of th types recommended. Our
efforts, nevertheless, should be direct
ed to attaining as closely as possible
these Ideals.
Preparations for the Lawn.
Since the lawn Is Intended to I
a permanent feature of the decoration
of a place. Its endurance or span ot
life Is of utmost Importance, la gen
eral, grass srt!s aro small and th
surface seed bed for the reception of
these seeds need not be more than 1
Inch In depth; but since the grasses.
as they become established, send out
long, lateral feeding roots. It Is nec
essary that tho area containing the
available food for these plants should
be amplified. This object can only be
attained by deep cultivation and
thorough preparation of at least 8 to
10 Inches of the surface soil. Th soil
to this depth should bo made rich and
should b put Into an Ideal condition
for tho development of plant roots.
Tho mechanical operations of pre
paring the soil can be carried on by
tho use of the modern plow If the
area Is large enough, or by spading
if the area Is small. The seed bed
should be thoroughly and frequently
stirred, so as to grind the soil par
ticles together as much as possible
for the purpose of reducing them to
a uniformly fine condition and to lib
erate plant food. Cultivation should
also have for Its object the destruction
of weeds which may Interfere with the
establishment of the lawn or which
may be detrimental to It after It Is
once established. After the soil has
been thoroughly plowed or spaded It
should be carefully fined by harrowing
or raking, after which It should be
thoroughly compacted by th us of
a lawn or field roller and the surface
again loosened by th us of a steel-
pounds of fine-ground boo, together
with 300 to MX) pounds ot a high-trad
fertilizer upon each acre. The fertil
izer may contain 3 per cent nitrogen.
6 to 8 per cent phosphoric add, and
about 8 per rent potash.
After the lawn has been established
and it has gon Into "winter quarters,"
It Is well to give the young grass a
mulch of well -decomposed stable man
ure, which shall not be heavy enough
to disfigure or mar the lawo, but
should be so fine and well decompwed
that It will be carried beneath the
surface ot the grass by the rains and
snows of the winter, leaving very lit
tle rough or unsightly matter to I
raked off In the spring. If this Is not
desirable, after th greensward has
passed through th first winter it
should be treated to a top-dressing of
fine-ground bone at th rate ot 1.000
pounds to the acre.
The Kind of Grass.
Kentucky blue grass Is undoubtedly
tho great lawn maker for all that sec
tion ot tho Atlautlc coast region north
of Washington. l C, and for the Al
legheny region as far south as north
ern Georgia. Dlue grass thrives best
In a comparatively retentive, strong
soil where there Is an abundanco but
not an excessive amount of moisture-.
Fpon soils of a lighter character In
this region. In localities where preci
pitation Is greater, such grasses as red
top. Rhode Island bent grass, creeping
bent grass, and white clover are more
to be relied upon for lawn making
than blue grass. Red top, Rhode Is
land bent grass, and creeping bent
grass all have the same ability to
make a compact and dej sward, as
In the rase of blue grass. In fact,
under certain conditions redtop and
the bent grasses are able to make a
softer, although not a more permanent,
turf than does the blue grass. rpon
the light soils found lu the States
touth of the latitude of Washington,
D. C, white rlover forms an Important
Nature In lawn mixtures.
In general, because of the varied
conditions of shade an, I moisture ex
isting upon a lawn as the result of
triti. shrubs, and architectural ob
jects, mixtures are more desirable
than pure grasses. The different de
grees of shade and moisture maintain
ed In the soil which result from the
presence of trees, shrubs, and build-lni-s
afford a variety of conditions un
der which a single species would not
produce a uniform lawn.
Copyrighted, by Prria ncriDSMOif a Co.
ON IAKGE ESTATES THE AUTOMOBILE UWNMOWfR IS A PICTUBUQUE AOJM NCT.
A BIT OF LAWN AT THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION.
He must set his plow perfectly in the
first place. Next, he must be kind to
and gain the confidence of his team,
for no man can do good plowing with
out the confidence and co-operation of
his team.
A half day was Eet aside for the
contest, and all three classes, that is,
the Freshmen, Junior and Senior
classes, competed for the prizes. These
were, a eulky plow for first prize, a
hand plow for second prize and ten
dollars in cash for the tblrd prize.
These prizes were furnished by one
of the leading plow concerns of the
United States gratuitously.
In scoring, expert plowmen who
have been with the University Farm
for years, acted as judges. A standard
of excellence was established. Twelve
points were given on the "dead fur
row;" fifteen points en fi'ralghtness
of furrows; eight points on in's and
out's at ends; fifteen points on depth
and width of furrows; ten points on
evenness of top of land; thirty points
on the covering of weeds, and ten
points on the finish. Time was not
taken into consideration in scoring.
Each contestant was given a strong
farm team and a plow. He had to ad
Just the plow, device and whiffle tree
to suit the condition of the land. He
was allowed to mark out his land in
any manner he eaw fit. The "land"
was to be twenty feet wide and three
hundred Ut leng.
Henry Jehwon, of New Richmond,
Minn., a ember of the Freshman
Class, took first plze. His ecore was
fl per eemt perfect.
effect of na'.ure which come from well-
kept greenswards that make them so
congenial to man. Grass is nature's
balm and healing for all erosive scars.
Nature abhors rough edes and brok
en places, and immediately proceeds to
cover such ugly spots with green
grass. Man likes to get his feet upon
the soil, but better still upon th
soft, yielding greensward. Rich rugs
and carpets do not give the elastic
spring that the well-made and well
kept greensward yields. So says L. C.
Corbett, one of the horticulturists of
the Department of Agriculture, in
"Farmers' Bulletin No. 284" JuBt about
to be printed by Uncle Sam. Since
this pamphlet Is free as well as in
teresting and Instructive, why not
eend for a copy to your member of
Congress or your Senator. If his Bun
ply runs out, Secretary "Wilson will
send you a copy.
In general, Mr. Corbett sayg, further,
a lawn should be beautiful and It
should be useful. Its beauty depends
upon the contour f the land, the col
or the texture of the grass, and the
uniformity of the turf. The use f
the lawn Is to provide a suitable set
ting for architectural adornment and
landscape planting.
The Soil.
The ideal noil for a lawn (s avail
able in but few cases where It Is de
sirable to establish a greensward. Or
dinarily the lawn in which a man is
most Interested Is that Immediately
surrounding his abiding place. The
eoll of this immediate locality is, in
toothed rake or a fine harrow.
After the seed bed has been thor
oughly and carefully prepared and
the gra.13 seed scattered In appropriate
quantities, according to the kind used,
the surface should be given a careful
raking or rolling If the area is dry.
If showers have been frequent, rak
ing after the seed has been sown will
suffice until after the grass has reach
ed a height sufflcent to be clipped by
a lawn mower. Prior to clipping the
grass with a lawn mower, If the
ground was not rolled after seeding, a
heavy lawn roller should be passed ov
er the surface in order to make It ai
smooth as possible. After the gra.us
has an opportunity to become erect
it should then be clipped with a mow
er. What fertilizers?
Sine the lawn is a permanent fea
ture, It Is hardly possible to make the
soil for the reception of the lawn too
rich. Stable manure which has been
thoroughly composted and rotted and
which Is ag free as possible from de
trimental weed seeds Is undoubtedly
th best material to use in producing
During that wonderful and mysteri
ous period, popularly spoken ot as
"before the lev age," lu other terms,
the preslacUl period, nature rxpremvl
herself with a lavish atxuulon of
which we can form but a faint Idea.
The primeval rivers wer mighty tor
rents. Instrument of stupendous met a
morphlo energy. In their ora of
erosion and dissolving. taM Quantities
ot gold were freed from confining em
bedment and deposited along their
channels. Through untold ages, per
haps, this work ot uncovering and
depositing Nature's prehistoric gold
mining and storing continued, or
until that particular formative cycle
was completed. Then the earth passed
Into the travail throes of more ener
getic formation, as expressed In vol
canic and glacial action. Fierce vol
canoes sent forth their nioltm streams.
filling up ravines and gorges, creating
new elevations and depressions, and
burying deep under layers of volcanic
debris, tho old river bods, the evicted
waters of which lalorlously wrought
out new channels for themselves. Fol
low lug this storm time came a season
of comparative quiet In which the
newly located streams were permit
ted to take up sgaln with diminished
force the old work of tearing down.
llssolvlng and dropping the freed gold
along their channels. la some lu
stances old !ods wer crossed ami
broken Into by the new streams and
additional deposits mingled with tlnlr
uncovered treasures. At lu-it cam the
lent; winter of glacial action, from
which the earth emerged transformed,
with little of the primeval surface left
save the giant redwood forest region
Such, briefly summarlred. Is th geo
logic record, ss read by modern acl
entUts, of th change that Immedi
ately preceded our o n period. TM
Klbly. certain giant treve of the fall
fornla redwood parks which have
swayed In the 1'aclne Ocean winds for
thousands of years at least their own
ancestors might have observed from
their undisturbed abode the stupen
dous disuses In prngrrts at their very
doorway. Had thry th gift of speech
ther could revf.il, as no other living
thing could e. the state svrets ef
Nature. Including that ef the buried
rivers.
PAINT WITHOUT OIL
Kewarkeble THarevery That Cle !
U tost ( t'tial veat j -sWe I'er Ceat,
rr TrUI Pftrkk? i ni( Hook Tlllf
All AU. I'klaKMd Tnt-MfcUa
Mailed fr la .ryaa to ha Hillaa.
A. 1- Kira, rtwnlMnt maautacisrar (
AiUiua, NY, bu diai-avr4 piuma of mk
lug a nvw km J t( paiai without (! aaa vlml.
IU ralU II I'owiliiwiul. Il cvrava lu yna a dry
i.wlr and all that la raqulrvd Ucoltlwalar
loNMkva palul wailiar nrtxil, Sia pruof an.
aatluiaMa oil paint. Fur suae f arpuaa l
la nuuh Ix-tlrr llian fill paint, auj It India
lnatl lo rvary prv party vwaar. It adnata
la any autfava, WihhI, aluna er brick, ipiaaiU
and ! Ilka ell palot Jrl Coata only ena
lotirih aa mui h.
Wiiia to Mr. A. L. Rica. ManuTr. WW Hrth
hi , A'tama, N Y., and lia will and yl a lra
ti il kaa lutfatltar With colt card and hi
valualla lKk on ttaintitur, all (rva. Ttila book
la natraaary lo all who naaualnt. It lata yna
Into Ilia aaxrrt uf altil making. ailoaaa iaka
iamU. I'U yu how lo il Ilia twal rvaulla
rotil alnt for Ulltaranl Imrpoaaa, and ahowa
yM how yoM can aava and niaka a good aany
dollar Villa today and Ilia hook. Iiaa trial
of i-aint. !., will Ca acet you without auy
toal ty latum mail.
Villi
Cm Bin Ufl tiyivct
, Lotat Heeey
Vr K
,Bia.liit
tin Inrrana
raaralataraa4lalkaaaUilaa) r
Wit Uk to aa4 wa im aaa baa aaaal
electric "uu
electrTcm,:.
w Sura thaa a a.im.-a ana a auartar af tana ara
la m and aanral ku4il iaoaaaail ranaara aaf
that Ibay ara lawalawul ikaf aac taaaa
Ta;'llaaa yaa Bv-ra atnaay. ata tl,lnM
Warl-aaa4sfMtraalurilialkaa aay aikt
awl iWI iM.u.tauaa Tkar'ra Maaa ).
Uf arary Im tkay ara Ika ba (" aalt4 a
tha buk. ( iby aut your aviaay barb
Hat bay ImI in wtt-am aiUI y raa4 aar
bu,4k aiar aaraytn auny dnliara aa4U'lCraa
t-LlOTIUO WlsXCt. CO
a SOS Quaeay, Ilia.
While no reliable method can at
present be Riven for the detection of
the presence of added vegetable colors
In general It Is necessary that special
tests must In made for special vege
table colors. Th" bulletin Klvea quite
a number of simple methods for detec
tion of artificial coloring matter which
may be had on application at the De
partment of Agriculture.
Sheep act as beasts ef burden In
many of the ranges ef the Himalaya
Mountains. Each animal Is capable of
carrying from seventeen to twenty
five pounds, and lives entirely en way
side herbage.
DR. COFFEE'S OO -PAGE
OEYE BOOK FREE
M k allk4 tluilac l- 1 k
61 W0. C0( fit. 04 .fratarf (Wf . Pat KalaM. U.
45c" DISH PAN SAVED
Sr' - J'Jih'tl'n Hi'W,n.
a Btatk, I,'! m1 llnuMlth I!
ffit! ,fy Urn ihi bat a lltli
In uir mnt. b4llaa, aH,
Ki. U.J r.n,nir m ka,
ailnni. aod ea.4hr man.tt luf 1 4
t. loarnl luaul (, laataal
u, Ua...u all Uia. tnm Iba
VM of I UN l I 1 la. In
tfiarnatar iimii b' unh .t NitttilM,tr laati
w iii.. .1., t.t ai J.k.'a II Mwia ata
a4 , U". l U .,ii.l lvnt.ar. iM
K. N. COKNKAI.' Jk to ,
I'ayt. Mlr blrt.
I Nit Siltf
..w lo aala-! a ! faraar. No. t
l.raOar Hlaal SMroaoa rtwla . frl-bt
i.ai.l uihartlia Wrlla. Haaa Warai'l
k Vaal's Oa.,744 Taaaaia SM , Ohlaaa.
----
-.- ' X . J. -1- t-
mumui
till
PAGE-WIRE
Maile by the basic ojien-liearth pnsess in our Steel Mills, Moncnsen, Penn
sylvania. Has double the tensile strength of toumiou fence wire, the springi
ness of a high grade Mnug wire, ami in used n!y in the manufacture of
IWe Fences and coiled springs. Ask f.r "A Trip Through Our Mills." It
tells how Tuge-Wirc is made; how it differs from common fence wire and
why it is stronger and tx-tter. Scut frco by re turn mail. Write for tt to-day,
Pago Wovon Wire Fonco Co., Dox025, Adrian, 'Mich.
Dacvttllag by Gnu Light.
An Interesting trial made In Eng
land on a farm near I'.lKgleswade,
shows that fields can be so Illuminated
by acetylene gas that harvesting may
be easily carried on at night. In this
test two mowers, each cutting a six
foot swath, were employed and a
Held of 15 acres was mowed In three
hours and 35 minutes. A gasoline trac
tion engine furnished the power.
Romulus Wan Perplexed.
Old Romulus took nick one day, and
In a little while it looked as If his end
was near. Tho minister was sent for,
and came promptly a stout man, done
up In one of those religious waistcoats
without any buttons down the front
or any opening at the neck.
The minister said to Uncle Romu
lus: "'Is your mind at ease, brother?'"
"'Yes sab,' answered the old man.
"'Are you sure there' nothing
troubling you?" the minister went en.
hi i
7 .
t
't '
' to"
A LARCiE LAWN IS CASILY CLIPPED BY HOR5EPOWER.
the desired fertility of the soil. Forty
to sixty loads of well-decompoBed sta
ble manure are not too much to use
upon an aero of land designed for the
greensward. Where such stable man
ure Is not available the next beat plan
to follow Is that of plowing under
green crops, such a clovers, cow
peas, soy beans, and similar plants.
The land should then receive an ap
plication of about 1,000 pounds of
lime to the acre, and at tho time of
preparing the wed bed 600 to 1,000
'If there Is, speak up. Don't be afraid.
I am here to help and comfort you.'
" 'Dey Is one ling, jesaona, san,- nam
Romulus, 'Dat 'plexes me.'
'What Is It my brother?' tae Min
ister murmured.
'Ah kalnt o' dn life o me make vwl
nah,' said the old man, how j& gits
yo'sef Inter dat dero vest,"
There are four prosperous Americas
Mormon settlements la the Mexican
state ot Chihuahua.
. ' t 1 1aa.inaaw " - -- ...Mnu.ii.n.u. ' I- , I
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1 - lJU-jfttXW,ii:
' ?rrr T,:.:.:, -? ; ? waxr rana.
11 IUIagazlne for the Wlllllona
Industrial, Agricultural, Commercial Development!
and Homemaking
The Heat IU) Cent MukhzIiic lit America
T)n yna want to Improve your clrcniriHtanreH? Do you want to know short the nppor
tMnlticaawitltlntf hoiieat entcrprlwj unit nmliltii.ti Do you wnnt hints on thn linprnvampnr
of home mirroumlinKif Do you want delightful, rnlrrtiilnlnif. Indlriu-livr, iM iiiiiffullv illiml
tratcd reading for tha baiaa circle? All llivsn mui more you will find In "OwoKTUNliV
OUK OFFHR
Fill In the coupon tx-low, cut out this entire advrrtlKtrnent and land to uh with" HO it mm;
,t one year's tubacriptlon. If aflrr you huve read tliu fint niimher you can conaclnntioiiHlVi
iy that "OH'oiiTUNri v" in not worth vi-nts u month to you, write us to itoo it and tvei
will return your money by fint mail.
OI'I'OKTUNITY MJULISMIiKS Datr
270 Dearborn St., Chlcaga
Kndoned find 60 cents for one year's milihciipnun ta "OiToKiuNiry" benlnnuia with'
the current number.
Nama
PontOfflce
R. Route or Street 4
For sale by All Newidealers. Stale
,1