MESSAGE IS BEADFM
Secate and Eoase Receive Ccca
ment In Usaal Forcu
RATE SUPER FISIQN THE THEME
BAIL wUI LUIIdlU.l lUb lUi-Uil.
UrgM Economy in Public Expendi
ture; Monro Doctrin Ra
duca Philippine Tariff,
Tha moat Important points brought out to
tht president's ineaesuj follow: -To
th Senate and House ot Representative:
Tha people of thla country continue to en
Joy great prosperity. Undoubtedly thara arlil
ba abb and flow In such prosperity, and thla
abb and Bow will ba felt mora or less by all I
members of tha community, both by tha de
ar rvtn( and tha undeserving. Against tha
wrath ot tha Lord lha wiaJotu ot man cannot
avail; In timea ot flood or draught human In
genutty can but partially repair tha dlsaa.
tar. A general fallura of cropa would hurt
art of ua.
Again. If tha tolly of man mart ;
tha general well-being, then thoaa who
ra I
; Of .
tnaocant ot tha folly mill hava to pay part
tha ptnalty lncurrad by those who ara guilty ;
or uia roily. A panic nrougni on oy in. .
paculatlva folly of part of tha buetneaa com- I
munity woiua nun ma wnoje Dusaneaa tvm-
munlty. But auch atoppaga of welfare, though
It might ba act ere. would not ba laat Ing. in
th long run tha ona vital factor In tha per
mat.enl proapertly of tha country to tha high
Individual character ot tha average American
worker, tha average American cltisen. no mat
ter whether hi work ba menial or manual,
whether ba ba farmer or wageworker, buei
Be man or profeaeional man.
In our Industrial and social atem th In
terval of all men ara au cloaely Intertwined
that In the tmmensa majority of rase a
raighl-draltng man who by hi efficiency.
by hi Ingenuity and Industry, benefits him
Belt must alao benefit other
vnrtn.tte tha
man of great
productive capacity who become
ng the labor of many other men I
rich by guiding
doea ao by enabling them to produce mora
than they could produca without hla guld-
aaica: and both ha and Ihey aravre In tha !
benefit, which cornea alao to tha public al I
large. Tha superficial fact that tha sharing i
may ba unequal must never blind ua to the
underlying fact that there I this charing, and
that tha benefit cornea In some degree to each
man concerned. Normally tha wageworker,
tha man of amall mean, and tha average con-1
aumer. aa well aa tha average producer, ara
all alike helped by making condltiona auch
that the man of exceptional bwaneaa ability
receive an exceptional reward for his ability
Something can be done by leglalatton to help ,
vna general prosperity; out no sucn neip 01 a i
permanently beneflrtal character can be given
A ik, I - v. - j i . - .... ih. .
reaulu oT T'poMcy 'w7. h 'sl InurV To' in. i
. t,... rTi i'j.. ..j i
, . - , : -J
pie who act decently; and this to only another ;
way or saying tnxt any benefit whlcn comes to i
tha less abl and less fortunate must of ne
cesslty come even mora to the more able and
more fortunate. If, therefore, the lea f or
tunate man la moved by envy of hla mre
fortunate brother to strike at tha conditions
under which they have both, though equally,
pnespered, th result will assuredly ba thai
while damage may come to the ona struck at.
It will visit with an even heavier load the ona
who strikes the blow. Taken aa a whole,
we must all go up or go down together.
The best possible regulation of ratea would,
of course, b that regulation secured by an
bontst agreement among the railroads them
selves to carry out the law. Such a general
agreement would, for Instance, at once put a
top to the efforts of any one big shipper or
big railroad to discriminate against or se
cure advantage over some rival; and such
agreements would make the railroads them
selves agents for enforcing the law. The
power vested In the Government to put a
atop to agreement to the detriment of th
public should. In my Judgment, ba accom
panied by power to permit, under specified
conditions and careful supervision, agree-
menis cieariy in tne interest or the public, peal. It Is not of the slightest consequencs
But, in my Judgment, the necessity for glv- t whether wa grant Ihe aid needed by Hanlo
Ing this further power Is by no meant at ' Domingo as an Incident to the wise develop
great as the necessity for giving tha Com- 'ment of tha Monro Doctrine, or because wa
mission or administrative body tha other ' regard the case of Santo Domingo aa stand
powers I hava enumerated above; and It ! n( wholly by Itself, and to be treated a
nay well be inadvisable to attempt to vest (u,-h, and not on g-nral principles or with
this particular power In th Commission or j any reference to the Monroe Doctrine. Th
other administrative body until it already important point I to give tha needed aid,
possesses and Is exercising what I regard as and the case Is certainly sufficiently peculiar
by far tne most important power of all th '
powers I recommend as indeed the vitally
Important power that to fix a given maxi
mum rate, which rate, after the lapse of a
reasonable time, goes Into full affect, sub
ject to review by the oourts.
Let me most earnestly say that threw recom
mendations are not made in any spirit if
hostility to the railroads. On ethical grounds, i
on grounds of right, auch hostility would be
Intolerable; and on grounds of mere National
aelf-lnterest we must remember that auch hoas
tllity would tell against the welfare not mere
ly of some few rich men. but of a multitude
of small Investors, a multitude of railway
amployta. wageworkers; and most severely
against the Interest of tha public aa a whole.
I believe that on the whole our railroads hava
done well and not III: but the railroad men
who wish to do well eaiould not be exposed to
competition with those who have no such de
sire, and the only way to secure thla end Is
to give to soma Government tribunal the
power to see that Justice Is done by the un
willing exactly as it is gladly dona by the
willing. Moreover, if some Government body
to given Increased power the effect will be to
furnish authoritative answer on behalf of the
railroad whenever irrational clamor against It
la raised, or whenever charges made against
it are disproved. I ask this legislation nut
only In the Interest of the public, but In the
interest of the honest railroad man and th
honest shipper alike, for It to they who ara
chiefly Jeoparded by the practlcea of their dis
honest competitors. This legislation should ba
enacted In a spirit aa remote as possible from
hysteria and rancor. If wa of the American
body I politic are true to the traditions w
have Inherited wa ahall always scorn any ef
fort to make us hate any man because be Is
rich. Just aa much as we should scorn any
effort to make us look down upon or treat
contemptuously any man because be lg poor.
Insurance.
The great Insurance companies afford strik
ing examples of corporation whose business
haa extended ao far beyond the Jurisdiction of
the states which created them aa to preclude
strict enforcement of supervision and regula
tion by the parent states. In my last an
nual message I recommended "that the Con
gress carefully consider wBether the power of
the bureau of cortxiratlona cannot constitu
tionally be extended to cover Interstate trans
actions In Insurance." Recent events have
acter of Insurance, for In the absence of
emphasized the Importance of an early and ex
haustive consideration of thla question, to
se whether It Is not possible to furnjsh bet
ter safeguards than the several atatea have
been able to furnish against corruntlon of
tha flagrant kind which has been exposed. It
haa been only too clearly shown that certain
of the men at th head of these large cor
porations take but amall note of tha ethical
distinction between honesty and dishonesty;
they draw the line only this aide of what may
be called law honeaty, the kind ot honesty
necessary In order to avoid falling Into the
clutches of the law. Of couraa the only com
plete remedy for this condition must be found
In an aroused public conscience, a higher sense
of ethical conduct In the community at large,
and especially among busmess men and In the
great profession of the law, and In the gnmhj
a m .nl.li .hint. MnH.mna all AilAiftnmmtm 1
whether In rich man or In poor man, whether
It Ultra tha shape of bribery or of blackmail.
But much can be done by legislation which Is
not only drastic but practical. There is need
of a far stricter and mora uniform regulation
of the vast Insurance Interest of this country.
The United States ahould In this reepect follow
the policy mf other nation by providing ade
quate national supervision of commercial In
terest! which ara clearly National ia char-
! acter. My prd-nr feav repeatedly tc
forties business ot thee com
apxsrtant part f our foreign cot-
During th administratis
Cleveland, Harris w and llo-
Ktnly th Stat lpertmnt exercised Ua la
fluenc. through dlplcaxallo cfcannele, to pre
vent unjust discrimination by foreign wun
rW aglnt American Inauranc cwmpanlea,
; The negotiation illustrated th propriety
of th Congress recognising th National char-
I FVurral trgualatlcn lha Stale Itepartment rould
I only glv expression to lha w tehee of th au-
thorltiee of tha Moral atatea, whoa saulcy
waa tneffrvttv through want of uniformity.
tuna? la Kipradltarra.
t earweelty recommend to tha Cngree
l.v- - . . . . - - . - . -
ir,,
plM m.r,y i c,, -,our attention la ona or
I two specific matter. All unnecessary f Acea
ahould ba abolished. Tha Commissioner of
lha General Land Office recommend tha
abolishment ot lha ofllra ot raralvar ot pub
lic moneys tor United Hat land afnee.
Thla will effect a saving ot about a quar
ter ot a million dollar a yar, Aa tha bul
nese of tba Nation grow II la lnvltabl
that thara ahould ba from lima lo lima a
legitimate Increase la tha aumbar of ofn
dale, and thla fart render It all lha mora
Important that when atnee bacomo uanecea
aary thay ahould ba abollahad. la tha pub
lic pristine alao a larca saving of public
money ran ba mad. Thara la a constantly
marine tendency to publish maaaaa of un
important Information. It U probably aol
unfair to aay that many tana of thouaanda
of volumea ara publtthad at which no human
bain ovar looke and for which thara la ao
Mat demand whatever.
Federal Ersvtloaa.
In my laat annual message 1 aald:
Tha power of lha Government to protect I
tha Integrity ot tha election of II OH ofn-
rai( . inherent and haa been recognlted j
.n.l arnrme.t bv reneatej deelaretlon at lha I
Supreme Court. Thara la no anamy of traa
government mora dangeroue and nona ao
insidious aa tha corruption of tha electorate.
on d,fenda or airuna corruption, and
il would aeem to follow that nona would
oppose vigorous measure to eradicate It. I
recommend tha enactment of a law directed
,aln bribery and corruption la Federal !
el,ctont Th. detail of auch a law may i
ba safely left to tha wlaa discretion ot th
Congress, but It ahould go aa far a under
th Constitution It I possible to go, and
ahould Include aevera penaltle against him
a ho give or receive a brlb Intended I
Influence hi act or opinion a an elector;
and provision for th publication not only
of tha eipendlturee for nomination and
election of all candidates, but alao of all
contrlbutlona received and eipendlture mad
P;tllcal committee.. '
i ae.ir to repeat tni recommendation, in
political campaign In a country at large
P"iui"u aa our n is inevnaoie mai
thero should ba much etpense of an entirely
leg':. mate kind. Thla. of couraa, mean thai
many contributions, and aoma of them ot
large an, must be made, and, as a matter
cf fart. In any big political contest such
cor.trltutlon are alaaya made to both sldea
It is ei.tlrely proper both to give
nd re-
eelva thm. unless there la an Improper mo-
tlve connected with elthee airt or receutlon.
If they ara extorted by any kind of pre. sure I
or nron.i.. .id or in,nii.,t rfir.ri or in.
direct. In tha way of favor or Immunity.
then the giving or receiving become not
only Improper but criminal It will un- '
. .. . I
4&lT to "T.l V ."'".'nlrh .hVll
,CB' snap an act wnun sna I
uaiu wnn reaeonaoie certainty against sucn i
mlscopduct; but If It I possible to secure I
hv i.w .... fui verifi..i nohli, rinn in
uctall of all the sum contributed to and
extended by the candidates or committees of I
any political parlies the reault rsnnat I
atlona to any political committee or for any
political purpose ahould be forbidden by
law, director should not b permitted to
use stockholders' money for auch purp"rs;
and. moreover, a prohibition of this kind
would be. as far aa It went, an effective
method of stopping the evils aimed at In I mission, composrd of an officer of Ih De
corrupt practices acts.. No only should both partment of Htate, the Department of Jus
th National and the several State I.egls- j lice, and of the Department of Commerce
latures forbid any officer of a corporation 'and Labor, has discharged tha duty Imposed
from using the money ot tha corporation in upon it. and ha submitted a report, whlcn
or about any election, but they should also
forb!d such use of money In connection with
any legislation save by tha employment of
counsel in public manner for distinctly legal
services.
Santo Domingo.
Santo Domingo. In her turn, has now made
an appeal to us to help her, and not only
every principle of wisdom but every generous
Instinct within us bids u reDond to tha ap-
to deserve to be Judged purely on Its ow n
merits. Tha condltiona In Santo Domingo
hava for a number of years grown from bad
to worse until a year ago all society waa on
the verge of dissolution. Fortunately, Just
at this time a ruler sprang up In Santo
Domingo, who, with his colleagues, saw tha
ix..r. Ihr.atmlne Ihelr rnumrv and an.
p,aied t0 the friendship of the only great
and powerful neighbor who possessed th
power, and as they hoped also the will to
help them. There wa Imminent danger of
foreign Intervention. The previous rulers of
Santo Domingo had recklessly Incurred
debts, and owing to her Internal disorders
she had ceased to be able to provide means
of paying the debts. The patience of hir
foreign creditors had become exhausted, and
at least two foreign nations were on the
point of Intervention, and were only pre
vented from Intervening by the unofficial as
surance ot this Government that It would
Itself strive to help Santo Domingo In her
hour of need. In the case of one of these
natlona, only the actual opening of negotia
tions to this end by our Government pre
vented the seizure of territory In Hanto Do-
kmlni
go by a European power. Of the debts
(Incurred soma wera Just
while some were
not of a character which really renders II
obligatory on, or proper for, Santo Domingo
to pay them In full. But she could not
pay any of them unless some stability waa
assured her government and people.
Accordingly the Executive Department of
our Government negotiated a treaty under
which we are to try to help the Dominican
people to straighten out their finances. This
treaty Is pending before the Senate. In the
meantime a temporary arrangement has
been made which will last until the Senate
has had time to take action upon the
treaty. Under thla arrangement the Domini
can Government haa appointed Americans to
all the Important positions In the customs
service, and they are seeing to the honest
collection of the revenues, turning over 43
per cent to the government for running ex
penses and putting the other 65 -per cent into
a safe depositary for equitable division In
case the treaty shall be ratified, among the
various creditors, whether European or
American.
The custom-houses offer well-nigh the only
sources of revenue In Santo Domingo, and
the different revolutions usually have as
their real aim the obtaining possession of
these custom-houses. The mere fact that
the collectors of customs are Americans,
that they are performing their duties with
efficiency and honesty, and that tha treaty
Is pending in the Senate, gives a certain
moral power to the government of Santo
Domingo which It haa not had before. This
haa completely discouraged all revolution
ary movement, while It haa already produced
sucn an increase In tha revenues that th
government Is actually getting more from
tha 45 per cent that the American collectors
turn over to It than It got formerly when
it took the entire revenue. It Is -enabling
the poor harassed people of Santo Domingo
once more to turn their attention to Industry
and to be free from the curse of Inter
minable revolutionary disturbance. It offers
to all bona fide creditors, American and
European, the only really good chance t
obtain that to which ther are lustlv a-ntltled.
while It In return gives to Santo Domingo
the only opportunity of defense against
ciaims wnich it ought not to pay, for now
if It meets the views of the Senate wa
shall ouraelvea thoroughly examine all these
claims, whether American or foreign, and
se that Bona that ara Improper ara paid.
Thara la. ot couraa. cppoallloa la tha traaty
trum dlahonaal cradltora, toralia and A mar-
iraa, and from lha profaaalonal ravolullon-
Uta of tha I. land Itaalf. Wa hava alraady ininiiiraiioa ia unuoubtadiy naanny aim naiur
raaaoa la ballava that aoma of tha rradllora -. a aunatdarabla priHtl.Mi la undawrabla
who do am dara aapoaa thalr claim to
honaai arrutlny ara aadvavorlng to allr up
aadtlloa la lha laland and opposition ta tha
traaty. In tha maanllma I hava atarrlaad
lha authority vtalrd la lua !' lha Joint raao
lutlon ot lha IVntraaa to pravant lha Intro
duction of arma into lha laland tor ravo
lulloaary purpoaaa
Arauy a ad Navy.
Wa cannot ro.nMr tha quadlon ot our fr-
aim policy wilh.Hil at tha aama lima traatlaf to anruanlsr In lha attorl lo aacura a propar
ot tha Army and tha Navy. Wa now hava a regulation of lha Immigration lo thaaa ahorra
vary amall Army Imlard, on wsll-nlgh In- artara from lha drlarmlnsd npoattion of lha
llnttaaimal whan romi-arad with lha army ot foialgn itaamshlp llnaa who hava no Inlarrat
any Mhar latga nation. Of couraa, tha Army whaiavar In tha maltar aava lo Incraaaa lha
wa do hava a.oulj ba na nearly -rfr t of lla tvtutna on th.ir capital by carrying niasara of
kind and for Ita alia aa la poaatbla. I do not Immlgranla hither In lha alraraga quartara ot
balieva that any army In tha world haa a their ahtva.
better average of anilated man or a better Tha quretlcna arlalng In connacllii with
typa ot junior ofricer: but tha Army ahould ba Cnlnena Immigration aland by Ihemaelvea. Tha
trained lo act elTe-tlvely In n maea.- I'rovue- condlltona In China ara aut-h that lha entire
Ion ahould ha made by ufllclenl apcrvprla- Chlnre rmlle claaa. that la, tha claM of
It-ma for maneuvera of a practical kind Chlneea la bore ra, ek tiled and unekllled. le
thal tha troopa may learn how to lake cara of gltimalrly coma under lha head of undealr
themarlveat under actual Bervloa rondlllont; able Immlgranla lo thla country, becauaa of
every march, for Inatam-a, being mia alth their numbera, tha low wagea for which they
tha eldier k-a.k-d eiactly aa ha would ba In wrk and their low ee.an.lard ot II vlna Not
an actlva cam-ann. Tha Urnerala and Col"- only I It to lha Interval of thla country to
nela would thereby hate opportunity of hand- keep them out, but lha Chlneao auth.wltle do
ling reglmrnte. brliaJea and dlvlalon and n deaire that ihey ahould ba a-lmllled. Al
lha ronimleaary and medical drpartmtnta preeent their entranta la prohibited by lawa
would ba Irated In lha Held, ITovlaton ahould amply adequate lo accomplish thla purpoea.
ba made for tba eierclee at h-asl of a brl- Theea laaa hava bean, ara being and will be,
gada and by preference of a division In march- thoroughly enforced. Tha violation of them
Ing and embarking al ma point on our are ao few In number aa to ba Infinlleeainal
rnaat and disembarking al aoma other point and tan ba entirely disregarded. Thara la no
and continuing It march. Tha number of aerloua proposal lo alter lha Immigration laat
poet n which the Army la kept In lima of aa regarda lha Chlnraa laborer, skilled or
Pi ahould -ba materially diminished and unskilled, and ihera la n.i escusa fur any
,h Pt hal ara left made correspondingly
larger. No Itval interest ahould ba allowed
' 'n1 ' y f aaaembllng the greater
part of lha tr.wr.ra which Would al Head form
our neia armiea in nation or ucn eiie aa
will (wrmlt Ih b-t training to he given to
the irkinnel of all grade, Including tha high
office.- and tff oRI.-era. To accomplish Ihia
end a must hava not company or regimental
garrinin. but brlasd and dlvlalon aarrlaute.
I Our Navy mflat, relatively la lha navlea of
Iln,r ,B,l,a alwaa be of greater ana lhan
r Arn1''- w' " "Isely cmtlnucd
for a number of yearn lo hulld Up our Nvy,
and II ha now reached a fairly high atandatd
of efflclrncy. Thla standard of efficiency must
not only be maintained, but Increased, It
doea not seem lo me necessary, however, that
tha Navy should al Iraet In Ih Immediate
future be Increased beyond Ih present num
ber of unltM hst le now rlrarly necessary
to to suhetltul efficient for Inefficient unit
a Ih latter become worn out or aa It be
comes apparent that Ihey are uarleaa, I'rob-
ably the reault would be attained by adding a
Ingle bsttle ehlp to our Navy each year, the
uprrarded or outworn Vrasela bring laid up
or broken up aa thry ara tau replared. Tha
four single turren monll r built Immediately
after tha rliev of the Rpanlsh war, for In
stance, are veewel which would be of but
little ua In th event of war. The monet
(rnl uivon thrm could have been more use
fully spent In other e Thus II would hava
been far better never In hava built a alnele
ofl " ,h monllora and In hava put Ha
money Into an ampla supply of reaerve guns.
H" ' smaller cruiser and guiitx-ata.
though Ihey srve a useful puri.tw ao far aa
' r" n,,"l "r international ponce wor.
-"" ' n irrnain oi our
" con',l,' with a aerloua foa. There la
ureent neeH ite i,mtrl.llt,e - I r ln,rrii. In
' -UMy Tn th.
.u.. . ,
Nalurallxatloa Ijiws.
Durlne lha n.i eear evi.lmra haa accu.
.mutated to confirm Ihe expressions con
lalned In my last two annual messages as
to the Importance of revising by appro
priate legislation our system of naturalising
allrna. I appointed last March a commis
sion lo make a careful examination of our
naturalisation laws, and In suggest appro
priate measures to avoid th notorious
abuse resulting from Ihe Improvident or
unlawful gran lng of rllltenshlp. This corn-
I will be transmitted to th Congress for Its
consideration, and, I hope, for Us favorable
r-tion.
Breaches of Trust la Tublle Hertlra.
There seems to be no statute of lha Cnlled
States w hich provides for Ih punishment of
a tnlted States Attorney or other officer of
...nriHiiiriii a I1U IIIIIUUOJF lr'r III
wrongfully do or wrongfully refrain from
doing any act when Ih consideration fm
such corrupt agreemrnl I other than onu
possessing money value. Tht ought to b
remedied by appropriate legislation. Legis
lation should also be enacted lo cover, ex
plicitly, unequivocally and beyond question,
breach of trust In the shape of prematurely
divulging official secrets by an officer or
employe of the t'nllril Stales, and to pro
vide a suitable penalty therefor. Such offi
cer or employe owes th duly lo th Cnltrd
States to guard carefully and not to divulge
or In any manner use prematurely Infor
mation which Is accessible to th officer or
employe by reason of hi official position.
Most breaches of public trust are already
covered by th law, and this one should be.
I'ubllc-Ijind Laws.
Once sgaln I call your attention to the
condition of the public-land lawa. itrcrnt
developments have given new urgency to the
nerd for such changes as will fit these laws
to actual present conditions. Th honest
disposal and right use of the remaining
public lands la of fundamental Importance.
The Iniquitous methods by which Ihe mo
nopolizing of the public Innds Is being
brought about under the present laws are
becoming more generally known, but th
existing laws do not furnish effective re me
dies. The recommendations of the I'ubllc
Lands Commission upon this subject are wise
and should be given effect.
The forest policy of the Administration ap
pears to enjoy the unbroken support of the
people. The great uwrs of timber are them
selves forwarding the movement for forest
preservation. All organized opposition to the
forest reserves In tie West ha disappeared.
Since the cotunlldatlon of all Government for
est work In th National Koresl Service ther
has been a rapid and notable gain In th use
fulness of the forest reserves to the people
snd In public appreciation ot their value. The
L.ii...i ....v. ithin nr .i ... '
r...rv.a should be transferred in lha phi.
of th Forest Service also.
Merchant Marine,
To the spread of our trade In peace and
the defense o, our n.a ... war . area, ana pros-
perous mercnsni marine i inuispensaDie. w
snouiu 1 "7"." .
our " '' . "Vr, his and Is situated, he passes from under
T. ' not but hi a rr.r federal control In such matter, a. this, and
ba"e "J 'un L L to Jl h.t Th. Hn "' th Congress prohibiting the sale
gret anduneaslnesa to us that the lines of. .,, , ,,. ,,, ,,.,. h.,e..m. ...h.
sZh AmeVr . ;houuf be chTcfly u'nd., foS' 'nP"-tlv.. I, Is gratifying to
.i.. eritrni It la not a ood thin thai nflt ,n" "" and municipalities of
ISmUuMiSSi the West which have most at . rake In the
have to send their goods and letters to South ot the Indian, are taking up thla
America via Burope If they wish security and aubject and are trying to supply, In a meas
dispatch. Even on the Pacific, where our ur ' abdication of Ita trusteeship
ships have held thalr own better than on the torcti upon the Federal Government. Nover
Atlantic, our merchant flag to now threatened theless, I would urgently press upon the at
through tha liberal aid bestowed by other tnfltlon of the Congress th question whether
governments on their own stesm lines. I aak m amendment of the Internal revenue
your earnest consideration of the report with Uws might not be of aid In prnsscutlng
which the Mercnani Marine om miration nas.
followed Ita long and careful Inquiry.
Pensions.
It is a matter of unmixed satisfaction ones
more to call attention to the excellent work of
the Penerlon Bureau; for th veterans of the
Civil War hava a greater claim upon ua than
any other class of our cttlzsns. To tbam,
first of alt among our people, honor la due.
Seven years ago my lamented predecessor.
President McKlnlev, stated that the time bad
. tha Nation in Mrs for lha aravaa
of the Confederate dead. I recommend that
the Congress take action toward thla end. The
r.t ... I. n l.l,. eh area nt lha a-ravaa nf
the Confeflerata dead who dld In Northern
prisons. ' ' '
Immigration.
The question of Immigration If of vital In-
tereM to this country. .In the year ending
June 80, 1905, there cam to tha United States
V.Wfl.OOO alien Immigrants, In other worda,
In the single year that has Just elapsed there
cam to this country a greater number of
people than cam here during the 100 years of
our Colonial lira wnicn intervened Detween tne
first landing at Jamestown and tha Declare-
Una of Indapandanra, It la claarly ahowa la
lha raort of tha CummlaalwnarUanaral ot
Imnilaralloa that whtla mut h of thla anurmoua
fiiun ona raaan or aootmr; moraovvr. a cm
aldt-rabla pniHHtt tf H. probably a vary
laria proHtion. Including moat of ha unda.
airabla vlaaa, doaa pot coma bvra ot Ita own
Inlllattva, but bacauaa of lha a.Uvlly of tha
tma of lha graat lranan-riatln ciiiHinl--a
Thaaa aaanla ara dlalrlbulad" IhrouahiNi Ku
rHa, ait by lha Rar of all klnda ut Induca
mrntai lhay whaadla and capita many Immi
grants, oMan aaaliual thalr brat intaraal, lo
coma har. Tha moat arrtoua obalarla wa haa
man feeling or effecting lo feel th allghteet
alarm on tha subject '
nul in lha effort lo carry out tha policy or
eluding Chinee Is borer e. Chlneaa coullra,
grave Injueaica and wrong hava been daa by
thla Nation to lha people of Chin, and ihera.
fore ultimately to thla Nation itself Chinese
students, business and pntfeaslonal men of all
klnde-m.t only merchants, but bankers, doo-
lor nusufn.i.r.r. r. iiis and
the Ilke-ehouM l ' nnuimiJ to coma here
and treated on precisely lha aama fooling that
wa Irral eludenia, businrsa men, travelera and
the Ilk of other i.il on. nor lawa and
Irrallea should ba framed, not aa to but
threw people In tha excepted rlaear. but to
ante thai wa will admit all Chinese, except
Chinese of the coolie class. Chinee skilled
or unskilled laborers. There would not be
lha least danger that any such provUelon wou.d
resuli m any relaxation uf the law about
laborera. Three will, under all conditions, be
kepi out absolutely. Hut II will ba mora eaeqr
In se that both luallce and rourteay are
hown, aa they might to he ehoern. lu other
nine
If the law or treaty la framed as
above eniggeatrd. Kxamlnattohe should be
completed al lha port uf departure from
China, for thla purpose Ihera ahould he pro
vided a mora adequate Coresular eervlce In
China than wa now have. Th apprnprl1'""
both for the office of Ih Consul and
lha cfTIra fore n (he Consulate, should be
In. rrsed.
Thus leovernment has lha friendliest feeling
for China and deaire China aril bring W
cordially ympthla with Ih announced pur
p.N- of Jatan lo stsnd for lha Integrlly of
China. uUch an aim... I. i.nrf. in lha lalea
uf in. wueld.
Tha Uvll hrrvtra
The civil servlra law has In-en on lha statuts
23 ra Kv.ry l,e.Men, and a
val majority of headet of departments who
bave been In office during that period hava fa
vored a gradual rxtrnaion of the merit ens
letn. The more Ihoioughly Its principles have
brrn undrrstiaid lha giratrr haa bem lb fa
v..r with which the law haa been rrgaroed by
administrative officers. Any attempt to carry
on the great executive drpartmrnls of Ihe
tlovrrnimnt without this law would Inevitably
rrsult in rkao. The Civil Prrvlc Coitions
al.firr are iblng eacrllnit Work, and their
compensations lei Inadequate considering th
servhe thry perform.
Adulteration ot roods.
I reromtfirhd that a law be enacted I"
regulate Interstate romnierre In mlehrandrd
and adulterated foods, drlnka and drugs,
hu' n law would protect legitimate manufac
ture and commerce, and would lend lo se
cure the hialih and welfare of Ihe consum
ing public Traffic In foodstuff which have
hern drbaseil or ailulteralnl to aa to Inlure
hra lh or lo deceive purchasers should bs
forbidden.
I National I'arks.
. .... ,,... , ... ,rn,rou, ,rt
nf
ttle, htate of California In conferring
upon the I nitrd States eminent th own
ership of th Yusruilt Valley and th Marl
posi Dig Tree Grove. Ther should l no
delay In accepting the gift, and appropria
tions should be miidr for th Including
thereof In the Yosernllr Natloiml I'ark, and
for ihaYar and policring of th perk. Cali
fornia has sited most wisely as well as
villi great intignunlmlty in tha matter.
There are rrrtiiln mighty nutural features
of our land wlib-h should bv preserved In
perpetuity fur our rbllilirn and our chil
dren's children. In my Judgiiikpi the Grand
nil) i n of the Colorado should he made Into
a Natlotiul park. It la greatly to be wished
that the Slut of New York should ropy as
r'-garda Niagara what the State of California
has done a rrgnrda th Yosemlte. Noth
ing should be allowed to Interfere with the
preservation of Nlugsra Kails In all their
beauty and majesty. If the state cannot are
to this then It la earnestly to be wished that
she should be Killing to turn It over lo the
National Government, which should In such
case (If possible, In conjunction with thi
Canadian government) assume the burden
and responsibility of preserving unharmed
Niagara Kails; Just as It should glndly as
sume a similar burden and responsibility
for the Yosi-mlt Nntlonal I'ark. anil a It
has already assumed thrm for Ihe Yellow
atone Nntlonal I'ark. Adequate provision
; ahould tie made by the Congress for the
j proper rare and supervision of all these
National parka.
Indiana,
During the year Just past, the phase of the
Indian question which Iihb been most sharply
brought to public atti-nilon is th larger
legal significance of the Indian's Introduction
Into citizenship. This has mad Itself man!
fest not only In a great access of litigation
In which the citizen Indian figures as a party
defendant and In a mors widespread dlspu
slllon to levy local taxation upon hi per
sonalty, but In a decision of. ths United
States Supreme Court which struck awny
the main prop on which has hitherto rested
the Government's benevolent effort to pro
tect him against the evils of Intemperance.
; Tn, cou,t noMi, , ,.t whpn ,
JniSian becomes, by virtue of an allotment of
land to him, a citizen of ths state In which
loose nim.-iucioi nuown m me niuim cuun
try a "bootleggers," who are engaged at
once in aerrauuing in unuea mates rreas
ury of taxes and, what Is far more Impor
lant, In debauching the Indians by carrying
liquors Illicitly into territory sun completely
under Federal Jurisdiction.
Tha rhlllrvplDes
During the last year the Philippine Island
have been alowiy recovering irum tne series
of dusasters wnicn, sine American occupa-
tirni. have greatly reduced the amount of ax
ricultural produota below what was produced
In Spanish times. Th war, the rinderpest, tha
locusts, th drought and the Cholera have been
unuea a cause. w . ln
I PfoPerlly hiuch neWed in the islands. The
most seriou is uia n.itiuviiua vj mv miner-
peert of mora than 75 per cant of th draft
cattle, because It will take several year of
breeding to restore the necessary number of
these Indispensable aids to agriculture. Ths
Commission attempted to supply by purchsso
from adjoining countries tns needed cattle,
but the experiment made were unsuccessful
Most of the cattle Imported were unable ta
withstand tna cnange or ciimate ana in rig
. ora of 'tha voyage and dlsd from other dls
assay (haa rtudsrcsat.
Km) act to at Tariff Needed,
Tha agricultural conditions at the laland
nforra mora strongly lhaa aver the argument
.n favor of reducing th tariff on tha prwl
ucta of lha I'hlllpplna Island entering tha
t nlted atatea, I measly recommend that
upon Ih product of lha I'hlllppln laland ba
entirely removed, enrpt Ih tariff ua sugar
and tobacco, ami that that tariff be reduced.
In per eenl of th present ratea under tha
Dlnalry ad, that after July I, luvw, th
arlrY upon lhecca and sugar produced In Ih
I'hlllpplna Islands he entirely removed and
that free trade between Ih lalanda and th
t nlted aisle In Ih product uf each eouulry
then be provldrd for by law.
Hawaii.
In my Judgment Immediate eteiei should ba
lake tor tha rotllnceltoA vf Hawaii, Thla
Is th nioat Important point In Ih I'aclfle In
fortify In order In conserve (he Interrel nf
thus country. It would be hard to overstate
tha Impnitanc ot this need. Hawaii la tuu
heavily Used. Lawa should be enacted set
ting aside f.ar a period nf, aay, Ifn ara 7
per rent of ih Internal revenue and ruatonu
tecelpl from Ilea all a a special fund to ba
Slended In Ihe laland for educational and
public bull.llnga, and for harbor Improve
ment and military and naval defense). It
cannot be I.w often repratd that our aim
must he to develop the Territory of Hawaii
nn Iradltl.anal American line. That territory
haa aerloua commercial and Industrial Prob
lem to reckon with; but no mraaur uf relief
ran bs eoraeldered which look In legislation
admitting Chines and restricting them by
stalut In field labor and dotnestl service.
Th statu vf servility ran never again b
tolerated on American sll. W cannot con.
red that Ih proper lotion of It problem
I special legislation admitting lo Hawaii a
claaa ot lelx.rere dented dm Waal on to the other
slalea and territories. Ther ara obstacles,
snd great obstacle, In Ih way of building
lha tariff now Imposed by Ih Dlngley bill
up a representative American community In
th Hawaiian laland; bul It I hoi In tha
American character In glv up In Ih fare of
difficulty. Many an American commonwealth
baa been -built up against odd equal to thoesv
thal now confront Hawaii,
Pari It Ira.
I earnestly advocate the adoption of leg
Islatlon which will explicitly confer Ameri
can cliiseaah'.p on all cltlsena of I'orlo Itlro.
Ther Is, in my Judgment, no excus for
failure to do thla Th harbor of Han Juan
should be dredged and Improved Th ex
penses of h federal Court of porta lll.o
should b mel from ,1b federal Treasury,
and not frma th I'orlo It lean treasury Th
elections In I'orto Ulna should tak plaea
every four years, and Ih legislature should
meet In seaaion every two years Ths pres
ent form of government In Porta lll.-o, which,
provides f r the appointment by ths Presi
dent of th members of Ih rxrrutlv coon-
II or upper House of th Legislature, ha
roved satisfactory and ha Inspired confl
uence in property-owners and Intralora I
do not deem II advisable al Ih present Hut
n change thla form In any material feature.
Th problem and needs of ih Island ar
n.lustrlal and commercial ralher than po
litical.
A lean .a
I earnestly sk that Alaska b given an
elective delegate om person should
chosen who ran apeak with authority of th
Beeda of Ih lerfltury.' Th Government
should aid In Ih construction of a railroad!
rum Ih Gulf of Alaska to th Yukon lllver.
n American territory. In my last two-
message I advocated certain additional bp-
n on behalf of Alaska. I shall not now
rpe those recommendations, bul I shall
ay all my stress upon th one rsrommen-
latlon ( gltlng lo Alaska some one au-
hrlae! In speak for It I should prefer lhal
lis delegate wa mad elective, bul If till
a not deemed wise then make hltn ap
pointive Al any rat, glv Alaska soma
person whose business It shall be lo speak
alth authority on her behalf to Ih Con
gress ihe natural resources of Alsska ar
girat. Home of the chief nerds of Ih perul-
aily enrrgrtlr, srlf reliant, and liplcally
American ahll population of Alaska arte
art forth In my last message. I also ear
neat!) ask )ur attention In the needs tit th
Alaskan Indiana. All Indian who ar com
petent should rerelv th full right ot
American iltlirnahlp. It Is, for Instance, a
gr-.ss and Indefensible wrong to drny lo u. h.
laril-w.ikliig. decent living Indians a th
Metiakahtlas Ih right to obtain licensee aa
apttilns. pilots and engineers, the right to
enter mining claim, and '. profit by th
homestead law. These particular Indiana
are civilised, and ar competent and en
titled to b put on th same basis with tha
alill mm round about thrm.
Admlaaloa to Statehood.
I recommend that Indian Territory and
klahoma bs admitted aa on slats and that
New Mexico and Arlsona be admitted a on
atate. Ther la no obligation upon us to
treat territorial subdivisions, which are mat
ters f convenience only, as binding ua nn
the question of admission In stutehood.
Nothing has taken up mor time In the
Conn i ess during th past few years than Ihe
iuetlnn a lo th statehood lo be granted
lo th four territories sbot mentioned, anil
after rnrefu! consideration ot all that ha
i.-i r. il. vi loped In Ih discussions of Ih
question I recommend that thry be liiitne-
llnt'-ly admltled a two slates, Tin-re Is nn
Ju-tltlcatlun for further delay; and the ad
visability of making tha four territories Into,
two states ha. been rlrarly established
The Panama ( anal.
The treaty between Ih Cnltrd States and
the Itrpubiic of Panama, under which llm
construction of the I'snnina Canal was mail
possible, went Into rffrrt with It ratification
y the Cnltrd Stairs Hrnnt nn February 2.1,
Hill I Th canal properties of th French
( 'n roil Company were transfrrrrd to the
I lilted Ktstra on April 3H, llilil, on payment
of I ID.iioij.diio to that company, tin April I.
IPO.., the Coituiilsslnn was reorganised, and
It now con-date of Theodore P. Shonts,
chairman; Charles K. Magoon, Benjamin M.
Ilarrod, Hear-Admiral Mordrcal T. Knillcott.
Hrlgudlrr-Genersl Peter C. Mains, and Coin,
ml Oswald II. J'JrriBt. John K. Htrvrns was
appointed chief engineer nn July I last.
Active work In canal construction, mainly
preparatory, has been In progress for less
than a year and a half. During that period
two points about the canal have ceased to
be open to debate. First, the question of
route; the canal will be built on Ihe Isthmus
nf Pnnatna. Second, the question nf feasi
bility; there are no physical obstacle on thla
route that American engineering skill will
not be able to overcome without serious dlf
llculty, or that will prevent the completion
uf the canal within a reasonable time anil
at a rrusonnble cost. This Is virtually th
unanimous testimony of ths engineers who
have Investigated th matter for lha Gov
ernment. What la needed now and without delay la
an appropriation by the Congress ta meet
the current and accruing expenses nf th
Commission. The first appropriation of $10,
000,000, out of Hie fl.'l.'i.Ooo.OOO authorised.
by ths Hpoonrr act, waa made three years
ago. It Is nearly exhausted. There Is bare
ly enough of It remaining to carry th
Commission to the end ot the year. Unless
the Congress shall appropriate before that
tlmo all work must cease, To arrest prog
ress for any length of time now, when mat
ters are advancing ao satisfactorily, would
be deplorable, Ther will be no money with
which to meet pay-roll obligations and none
with which to niset bills coming due tor
material and supplies; and there will be
demoralisation of th forces, her and on
the Isthmus, now working so harmoniously
and effectively, If there Is delay In granting
an emergency appropriation. Estimates of
the amount necessary will b found in the
accompanying reports of th Secretary of
War and the Commission.
Tha Department of State.
I recommend mor adequate provlaton than,
has been mads heretofore tor tha work of th
Department of Slate. Within a few yeara
thara has been a very great Increase In tha
amount and Importance of th work to b
don by that department, both In Washing
ton and abroad. Thla has been caused by
the great Increaae ot our foreign trade, tha In
creas of wealth among our people, which en.
able them to travel mor generally than,
heretofore, th tneresse ot American capital
which Is seeking Investment In foreign coun
tries, and th growth of our power and.
weight In the oounclls of the civilized world.
There has been no correeipondlng Increase of
facilities for doing th work afforded to th
department having charge ot our foreign relations