MIAMI (UPI) - Across the
straits of Florida, the dawning
of 1964 will mean that Fidel Cas
tro has been in power for five
long years. Communist control
of Cuba today seems tighter
than ' ever.
Nevertheless, the majority of
Cuban exiles here cling to the
belief that Red domination of
their homeland will be shattered
and that Castro will be toppled
with U. S. and hemisphere
help.
"We shall return," they say,
borrowing the words of Gen.
Douglas MacArthur. Some exiles
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON THURSDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1116a JJ 5
ill Mark Five Long Years of Castro Power in Cuba
are even predicting they will
be back in Havana before an
other year is out.
There is guarded talk of plans
for military action against Cas
tro. Fund-raising for arms con
tinues. Definite preparations for exile
elections, no later than Febru
ary, of a slate of "non-political"
leaders to "lead the way back
home" are under way. The
theme is unity.
Psychological Impact
The outcome of this referen
dum to be based on a list of
candidates not yet disclosed
is certain lo have a major psy
chological impact on efforts for
unified action against Castro.
Observers here beleive that
this, in turn, could influence the
Johnson administration, which
is now reviewing the late Presi
dent Kennedy's Cuban policies.
Castro, who has constantly
mocked and ridiculed the unsuc
cessful exile attempts against
him thus far, will preside at Ha
vana ceremonies on Jan. 2 to
commemorate the fifth anniver
sary of his takeover. He is
scheduled lo speak after a big
parade.
"Why haven't the exiles given
up hope?
"When we do that we might
as well leave the United States,"
said one refugee. A former Pres
ident of his own chemical com
pany in Havana, he is now a
handy-man at a Miami laundro
mat. "My family came here with 15
suitcases," he said. "Seven of
them remain packed, ready to
go when the time comes to go
back. And it will come."
Topsy-Turvy Year
From the Cuban exile point
of view 1963 was a topsy-turvy
one. It started out with a "bang"
as the U. S. obtained the release
of the 1,113 Cuban invasion pris
oners. Kennedy assured them, in the
Orange Bowl, that their brigade
flag would be returned to them
in "a free Havana."
But a sweeping crack-down on
anti-Castro raiders even in
Bahamas waters ensued. The
crowded exile colony in Miami
was at times rebuffed by local
officials. There was even a sug
gestion by former Florida Gov.
LeRoy Collins that they should
be relocated en mass to some
unoccupied Bahamian or Floriad
island.
Exile susnicinns of II. S. noliev
toward Cuba grew. There was
increasing criticism of Kennedy
himself by refugees. But the
President's murder plunged the
exiles into mourning as deep as
Americas' sorrow.
After the return of the freed
Bay of Pigs brigade a vast sea
and air lift of $53 million worth
of pledged ransom goods that
took six months got under way.
The 37 planes and nine freight
ers that went to Cuba brought
back some 9,000 Cubans.
Also brought mil of Cuban jails
were 38 Americans, released
through negotiations carried out
by New York attorney James B.
Donovan. Four Cubans held by
the U. S. were sent back to Ha
vana. Cuban prisons were apparently
cleared of all but one American,
Cuban - born Uagael Del Pino of
Miami, once Castro's trusted ,
confidant.
The year saw throe attacks on j
American - owned vessels by
Castro Air Force planes, in in
ternational waters near Cuba.
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Nn Cusiiiilllrs
On Feb. 21) the shrimp boat
Ala was attacked but not hit by
MIG fighter fire. The merchant
ship Floridiun was fired on but
not hit on March 28. Fire broke
out aboard the freighter J. Louis
after an Oct. 22 attack but there
were no casualties.
Cuban exiles carried out about
a dozen air and sea raids on
the island, including assaults on
two Soviet freighters. Numerous
other raiding parties were in
tercepted by U. S. and British
authorities.
As a result, various organiza
tions announced they were pul
ling up stakes and moving to
Central America.
A major break between exiles
and Washington develoDed In
April when revolutionary council
loader .lose inioc Lardona re
signed, charging the administra
tion with "duplicity" in its Cu
ban policies.
Castro continued his hectic
speech - making throughout the
year, some times delivering as
many as three major public ad
dresses in a two-week period.
Most of them contained violent
attacks on the U. S.
In one, he accused Washing
ton of "swindling" him out of
$10 million of the pledged $53
million ransom goods a charge
quickly denied by both the U.S.
government and the American
Red Cross.
Itpquosl Rejected
In another, however, the Cu
ban leader appealed lo the Uni
ted Slates to lift its economic
embargo to help the island re
cover from Hurricane Flora's
multi-million dollar damage. The
request was rejected.
Castro decreed the expropria
tion oi me American embassy
building in Havana earlier in the
year, a move said to be unDrne-
edented in modern diplomatic
history.
However, determined oddosI.
tion by Swiss diplomats who
nanrtle American interests in
Cuba apparently prompted
him to let the threat hang in
mid-air.
Tile visit of a group of 59 U.S.
m
students to Cuba during the
summer was seized on by Castro
in an attempt to persuade other
Americans, college youths in
particular, to violate a U.S.
travel ban.
A U.S. airman from Tyndall
Air Force Base near Panama
City, Fla., defected to Castro in
July, about 10 days after the
students arrived. He was identi
fied as Airman 1C Roberto
Ramos Michelena, 29.
A Cuban-born, naturalized
American citizen, Ramos flew
to Havana in a small plane. He
has presumably joined a small
group of expatriate Americans
working with Castro.
Meanwhile the exodus of Cu
bans in small boats almost
anything that would float to
the Florida Keys continued
throughout the year. They were
sometimes picked up on the high
seas by freighters or U.S. Coast
Guard patrol boats. At least one
boat was rescued by a U. S. sub
marine. Escapcrs Kidnaped
The gateway to freedom was
through the Straits of Florida,
sometimes via the Bahamas.
Castro patrol boats kidnapped
19 escaping Cubans from An
guila Cay in Bahamian waters
last August, and stirred an in
ternational incident with Britain.
Despite repeated British pro
tests the abducted Cubans have
not been released. Exiles here
claimed three or four were ex
ecuted. A move by British promoter
Harold Dcber to set up a Ha-vana-to-Key
Wesl ferry service
in defiance of the State De
partment was blocked after
the initial voyage which brought
in 23 Cubans. There arc an esti
mated 350,000 Cubans on the is
land who hold U.S. visa waivers
to come to this country.
But the United States amend
ed existing immigration regula
tions to make sure that there
can be no future mass exodus of
Cubans to the U.S. without
Washington's prior approval.
If nothing else, was a
busy year for Americans as well
as Cuban exiles.
59c m
Democrats Facing
Possible Political
Battle in Oregon
SALEM (UPI) -The political I Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, former
pulse recorders in the secretary I Vice President Richard Nixon,
of state's office here were Michcan Gov. Georce Romnov.
thrown into temporary confu-1 and Pennsylvania Gov. William
sion by the assassination of I Scranton.
President John F. Kennedy. p,,,ul.,, changed
Until the tragedy in Dallas, It Observers didn't think An.
was expected the Republicans pling, a Republican, was spend-
would have a wide open race
in (lie May 15 Oregon primary
hut everyone conceded Kennedy
would get the nod from the
Democrats.
Now I he Democrats face a
possible batlle, mid everyone ex
peels the lineup of Republican
candidates may be significantly
altccted.
Because of its unique election
law, Ihe Oregon primary may
be one ol the most significant
in the nallon in tho pre-conven-tion
jockeying for strcgnlh.
Lists Advocutrs
Under Opc-gsa the secre
tary of state arbitrarily lists on
the ballot whomever he con
siders is "generally advocated."
To determine who is being ad
vocated he has assigned his
staff to check the daily news
papers and national magazines
to keep track of the changing
national political pulse.
Before Kennedy's assassina
tion, observers expected Oregon
Secretary of State Howell Ap
pling Jr. to list Arizona hen.
Barry Goldwater, New York
Thomp
Immedi
son Denied
isfe Bail
ST. PAUL, Minn. (UPI) -T.
Eugene Thompson observed
his first Christmas behind bars
Wednesday despite the deter
mined effort of his attorneys to
free him on bond.
The Minnesota Supreme Court,
which must rule on his appeal
for a new trial, Tuesday denied
a petition that bail be set im
mediately.
But the case left the door
open for considering the bond
matter when a "settled case"
was on file. It was estimated that
this would take at least two
monlhs.
Thompson was convicted of
first degree murder in the death
; of his wife, Carol, 34, last
j March. She was brutally beat
en and stabbed in their home,
j Thompson was accused of plot
i tine her death so that he could
collect $1 million In Insurance
and be in position to marry his
mistress.
ing much time seeking out pos
sible Democratic candidates. It
was assumed the Democrats
wanted Kennedy lo run for a
second term.
While President Lyndon John
son now tops the list of Demo
cratic candidates, observers
can't yet guess who else might
get on the list if anyone.
Appling will announce his bal
lot list March 6.
Oregon was conceded by
many Republicans to be "Gold
water country" before Ihe trag
edy in Dallas. Many observers
now feel Goldwaler's strength
has been severely weakened.
Appling adamently refuses to
speculate as to whom he might
list on the primary ballot. He
said speculation could affect the
campaign plans of candidates.
Favorite Sons Eliminated
The Oregon law was changed
before the 1960 election to make
the state's primary more
meaningful. The new law is de
signed to eliminate favorite
sons, publicity seekers and self
starters, and lo offer the voters
a real selection among the most
prominently mentioned hopefuls.
Shortly before Kennedy's as
sassination, Gov. Mark Hatfield
urged all Republican hopefuls to
enter the Oregon primary. Hat
field who has been mentioned
both as a GOP vice presiden
tial, and presidential possibility,
has remained neutral in the Re
publican power struggle.
Hatfield expects to head the
Oregon delegation to the July
GOP national convention In San
Francisco. In Oregon, con
vention delegates are elected,
and must support the winner of
the state's primary.
TWM.I.KYS OUT
SEATTLE, Wash. (UPI) - A
survey shows that almost all
major American cities arc re
placing their electric trolleys
with motor coaches, according
In the Seattle Transit System
The number of cities using
them has dwindled from 411 in
1945 lo 15. And 14 of those 15
! turn
ITOPS IN QUALITY!!
jl IMITATIONSW j
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I
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Pricci Ettectivi Through Not Tuidiy, Doc. 31 Limit Righti Rciovcd. Piggly Wiggly Will Be Cloicd New YtJr'l Day
tewart at King Open Until 9 P.M.
cilii'S, plan to abandon them
wilhiit the next year.