6 A
MONDAY, DKCEMBKR 2.1, 1363
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
CIVIL WAR
Bleak WartimeChristmas, 1863
TTTTS
WAS THE
By MERTON T. AKERS
United Press International
This was Christmas 1863, the
third of the Civil War:
In Richmond "No war news
today. . .It is a sad Christmas:
cold and threa'ening snow. My
two youngest ch.'dren, however,
have decked the parlor with
evergreen, crosses, stars, etc.
They have a cedar Christmas
tree, but it is not burdened.
Candy is held at $8 a pound..."
John B. Jones, clerk in the
Confederate war department.
In Washington "A lonesome
isort of Christmas. I breakfast
ed, dined and supped alone.
Went to the theater and saw
'MacBeth' alone. Came home
and slept alone. . ." John Hay,
one of President Lincoln's sec
retaries. In Richmond "We had for
dinner oyster soup, besides
roast mutton, ham, boned tur
key, wild duck partridge, plum
pudding, sauterne, burgundy,
sherry and madeira. There is
life in the old land yet!" Mrs.
Mary Boykin Chestnut, wife of
a Confederate brigadier gener
al. In Belle Isle Prison Camp,
Richmond "One year ago to
day first went into camp at
Coldwatcr (Mich.) little dream
ing what changes a year would
bring... (Christmas) supper...
was a big thing, consisting of
corn bread and butter, oysters,
coffee, beef, crackers, cheese,
etc. . . costing the snug sum of
$200 in Confederate money or
$20 in greenbacks. . .As (the
bells) rang out Christmas morn
ing I imagined they were in
Jackson, Michigan, my old
home. . . " Sgt. John Ransom,
9th Michigan Cavalry, who had
been captured in Tennessee in
November.
In Tennessee South of Chat
tanooga in winter quarters with
his regiment, the loth Michigan
Infantry, Corydon E. Foote, a
drummer boy who now hod at
tained the ripe old age of 14,
ate hominy made from corn
snitched by a fellow drummer
from the mule lot. That and
hardtack made up his Christ
mas dinner.
A Confedernle camp near
Orange, Va. "1 am hare foot
ed." (He also had a cold and
disentery.) "1 think the South
ern Confederacy is broke, for it
seems so to me." Ceoigo
Woodward of Wilson, N. C,
wrote to his brother.
In Ohio Union Mnj. Gen. Wil
liam T. Sherman arrived in
Lancaster, his home town, his
first vacation there for 20
years.
He found himself a hero. For
.even days photographers
newspapermen, autograph hum
ers and jusl curious people
crowned around him. A couple
of years before newspapers had
said he was "crazy. Now he
was the man of the hour. As al
ways he stood the adulation for
a time but then grew gruff and
avoided people.
He talked politics with his father-in-law,
Thomas Ewiug. He
felt, and said so, that President
Lincoln's amnesty proclamation
was "unwise" and he was high
ly critical of the Federal prac
tice of paying bounties of up lo
$400 for enlistments. The proc
lamation looked like weakness,
he said, and bounty
would become a national scan
dal in a few months.
Dictator Davis
In Richmond Mrs. Jefferson
Davis rounded up some randy
for her children and a few pres
ents. President Dnvis gave Mrs.
Chestnut what she described as
a "love of a parasol" as a
Christmas present. Davis could
read that day in the Richmond
Examiner that he was "a dicta
tor." En roule to Georgia On. Jo
seph E. Johnston was traveling
to Dallon, Ga., to take com
mand of the Confederate Army
of Tennessee, replacing Gen.
Rraxton Bragg who had been
"promoted" lo mililarv adviser
to President Davis. He would 1 fig leaf, ordered placed on the
take command on Dec. 27 under j bronze statue ol a naked discus
orders from Secretary of War thrower here hv city officials.
James Scddon, who "desired" I was stolen Sundav
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CHRISTMAS IN WARTIME Christmas 1863 was a day not un
like others in war-torn America. In Richmond, Va., Mrs. Jeffer
son Davis was able to round up some candy and a few gifts
for her children. In Washington, one of President Lincoln's
secretaries wrote that it was a "lonely day." In the field, on
both sides, soldiers paused for prayers, a few carols and what
ever they could gather together for a Christmas dinner. Some
received packages from home and shared them with their com
rades. The packages were few and those who received them
were fortunate. This drawing from the Library of Congress
collection shows soldiers in camp at Christmas time opening
a parcel from home. (UPI)
Johnson to rcslore "the discip
line, prestige and confidence of
the army, and to (increase) its
numbers" and to "leave no
means unsparcd to restore and
supply its deficiencies in ord
nance, munitions ana transpor
tation.
Another letter a few days lat
er from Davis urged Johnston
to "prompt and vigorous ac
tion" to whip the army into
fighting trim and recapture
Tennessee.
Johnston bridled at what he
considered "prodding." He saw
"difficulties," the army was far
from ready lo go on the defen
sive. But the soldiers liked the gen
eral they called "Old Joe."
Pnpnl Recognition
In Europe The Continent
read with disciccd smiles that
A. Dudley Mann, Confederate
representative in K.urope, had
obtained a letter from Pope Pius
IX addressed to Ihc "Illustri
ous and Honorable Jefferson
Davis, President of (he Confed
crate Stales of America."
To Mann Ihis was lanlamoiint
lo recognition of Ihe Confedera
cy by a European ruler, tor tne
Pope was temporal head of Ihe
Papal States.
'We are acknowledged, By as
high an authority as this world
contains, lo be an independent
power of Ihe earth. I congrntu-
Inle you, I congratulate the
President. I congratulate the
cabinet: in short, 1 congratulate
all my true-hearted countrymen
and countrywomen upon this
benign event."
Neither Benjamin nor Davis
could read recognition into Ihc
Pope's letter, particularly since
-Mi,
Small
Worlds
Around
Us
lynn W.
Wirkln.
ftf liter it Trlfcunt lypdlctU. HI3
One-Source Method
Of Gift Shopping
Would Be Welcome
lhn Pnnn hud riiMori the conflict
jumping. ..... ., cnmlni unil.h
the Confederacy never acknowl
edged. To have done so would
have refuted its claims that it
was a separate stale and not a
rebelling pail of the United
Stales. A civil war, Ihe Confed
erates held, was a war be
tween separate factions of the
same stale. It had seceded and
therelore was sovereign in its
own right
Mann, who had sworn never
lo return until Ihe Confederacy
was victorious, remained in Eu
rope the rest of his life, dying
alone and neglected in England.
KILCIIKS" Kllf lKAK
HEM El. HEMPSTEAD. Eng
land il'PI) A controversial
Family
Council
Kditor's Note: Ihe Family Conn.
Ml consists l a judge, a psychia
trist, three clergymen, a newspaper
editor, a Women's editor, ana two
writers. Kaen artlrle Is a sllL.marv
of an actual case history. The
Council report on problem that
nave been dealt with hv respon,
alhle agencies and counselors.
(Copvrlrht l!tB:t
General-Features Corp.)
Gail R. He acts like a one
man Board of Health and mor
tifies me.
Max R. You can't be too
careful when it comes to clean
liness.
Gail R. In mv husband's
work as an accountant, it's good
to oe mcucuious and watch out
tor every little detail. Rut at
home this is a nuisance. To put
his mind at ease I leave much
of the cooking, serving, and
cleaning-up-after lo him. B u t
my problem is his behavior
when we eat out. Whether in
restaurants or ill other homes.
out comes his handkerchief lo
test for dust. He uses his nankin
lo wipe silver and nlalos. smells
food before lasting it. examines
glasses.
Max II. Cleanliness never
killed anyone, but filth and
germs and bacteria do. I try
not (o annoy Gail or anyone else
about Ihis, bill I have a delicate
stomach anil can't trust il to
restaurants or anvonc else
without taking precautions. A
few years ago, while on Ihe
road, I suffered from ptomaine
poisoning and Inter, from a
stomach virus. By now it's auto
matic for me to watch out for
lipstick and egg stains, chinned
glassware, soap strculcs. and
other dangers.
The Council: Cleanliness may
be next to godliness. Max. but
perfection is next to impossible.
So why get "impossible" about
it? No point going hiiKs over
"bugs." Your passion for sani
tation might be better served by
a change of vocation, say sup
ervisor of a hospital laundry.
"Hospital clean" is what vou
seek, and there you'd have the
gauges to show ICO degrees
Fahrenheit for sterilizing linens,
plus an array ol potent anti
bacterial rinses. But if you'll
relax a bit. keeping your resist
ance to infection high, you can
remain an accountant and a
compatible husband, loo. Can't
Licorice Used 2000 Years
Prior To Birth of Christ
The small boy with the penny
never suspects the significance
of his purchase, when he planks
down his money for a piece of
licorice. Most adults have, at
some time or other, purchased
and enjoyed licorice even if now
they may deny it, thinking such
a liking to be childish. But it's
still an important act of child
hood, buying licorice which still
comes in chunks, plugs, sticks
and tubes.
There has been more licorice
used, over a longer period of
time, and by more people than
any other flavoring discovered.
Quantities of the sweet root of
the licorice plant were found in
the tomb of King Tut; put there
probably by his subjects to
sweeten his long journey into
the hereafter.
The use of licorice goes back
a long time before the birth of
that ancient Egyptian ruler.
Records show it was extensively
used 2,000 years before the birth
of Christ. Little wonder that
present - day investigators call
the licorice "the mystery plant
of the ages." Even today, after
4,000 years of use, licorice has
never been completely analyz
ed; neither has the flavor ever
been duplicated synthetically.
Yet the flavor of genuine lic
orice is so strong that one part
in 20,000 parts of water can be
readily detected. Chemically it
is 50 times sweeter than cane
sugar.
I'ca Family
The plant from which licorice
is derived is a member of the
pea family; of a scraggly
growth, requiring four years to
develop long, limber roots large
enough to use. Licorice is a
Greek word meaning "sweet
root." The roots are dug, crush
ed and boiled; the resultant
juice dries into a brilliant black
solid which will break at a tiny
fracture.
Licorice is extensively culti
vated in Spain, Italy, Turkey,
Greece and throughout most of
Northern Europe, as well as
Western Asia where it is sup
posed to have originated. Tons
of licorice are shipped to Ameri
ca. Besides flavoring for con
fections, il is used in curing
tobacco, sometimes being almost
21) per cent of the finished prod
uct. It not only flavors the to
bacco but retains in it the prop
er degree of moisture to keep
llie tobacco Iresh.
This moisture - retaining pro
cess, as well as the thirst
quenching quality of licorice has
never been loo well understood.
It is claimed that licorice car- j
ried in the mouth will quench ,
thirst for long periods of time. I
Records shoyv that soldiers of
ancient armies neid licorice in
their mouths on long marches
across arid regions and suffer
ed not at all from thirst.
Medicine j
For 4.000 vears, rich) un to;
the present time, licorice has ,
been used as medicine. It was
once supposed to cure coughs, i
colds, and other disorders of
the human respiratory organs. '
A couple of thousand years ago,
it was used as an elixir (or the
postponement of old a'le and in
keeping the body sunnle. A
piece of licorice root, soaked m
water, wns a refreshing drink
thai perfumed the breath, and
gave Ihe indulger Ihe benefits
of ils pharmaceutical qualities.
The curative effects of lic
orice are recognized bv many
people for soolhing irritated
bronchial lubes. It is used by
public speakers to clear over
worked throats.
Although modern medicine
takes little notice of the cura
tive benefits attributed to lic
orice, il is peculiar that any
thing which has been in use
for 4,000 years, by so many mil-
NEW YORK (UPI) -To one
who has survived the annual
holiday shopping rush, sugges
tions on how it could be made
easier in the future would be
welcome.
The one-of-its-kind object, or
the cluster of the same gifts to
spread around to a number of
recipients, all may have been
elusive, and required time and
labor to find, unless the buyer
knows one spot to which he can
go and clean up the whole job
in a hurry.
Advantages Long Known
The advantages of the one
source method have long been
known to businessmen, particu
larly to manufacturers and tech
nicians who suddenly face needs
for components not in stock;
the missing essential part, the
replacement for a broken or
outworn item.
In few industries is this more
true than in the electronics
field, with its thousands of items
needed in today's complex ma
chines functioning in factory
and home, school and hospital,
office and communications.
Max I. Epstein, head of Fed
erated Purchaser Inc., Spring
field, N. J., one of the largest
of the nation's electronic distri-
Businessman Gets
Triple Damages
PORTLAND (UPI) - A fed
eral court jury has Friday
awarded a Vancouver, Wash.,
businessman $1,009,213.71 triple
damages in settlement of a suit
against Standard Oil Co. of Cali
fornia. Clyde A. Perkins, former ex
ecutive vice president of the
Portland Beavers baseball club,
charged Standard had discrimi
nated against his Perkins Oil
Co. by selling petroleum pro
ducts to competitors at a lower
price.
Perkins operates a chain of
Champion stations in the three
West Coast states.
He sued for $600,000, but the
jury fixed the settlement at
$336,404.57 which, under federal
anti-trust laws was automatical
ly converted to triple damages.
The jury received me case
Thursday, six weeks after the
trial opened. More than 20.000
exhibits were introduced before
Judee William East.
An earlier trial which ran
five weeks ended in a mistrial
after Perkins' attorney, ignoring
an admonition of the court,
made a statement that Standard
had hired one of the plaintiff's
witnesses.
Santa Claus Served With Subpoena
N.Y. (UPD
mayor of the
SYRACUSE,
Gerald Jones
Syracuse suburb of Manlius,
was playing Santa Claus for
the children at a shopping cen
ter Saturday when a man ap-
"are
proached him and asked,
you the mayor ;
"Yes," replied Jones.
The man promptly served
Jones with a subpoena in con
nection with a dispute over a
proposed sewer program.
"Oil
To
Burn"
S&H Green Stamps
MEDFORD FUEL CO.
Phone 772-2111
butors with a coast-to-coast
chain of branches, points to in
dustry statistics to show how
the distributor plays a key role
in the marketing of electronic
components.
In 1932, there were about 500
electronics distributors. He es
timates the average one carried
5,000 items of 50 manufacturers.
This was seven years before Ep
stein's firm came into existence.
Millions Of Units
Today, Federated estimates it
handles the product lines of
more than 500 manufacturers. I
with more than 200,000 different
items representing million of
units, in stock.
Naturally, electronic aids are
used to control the complex or
der filling and bookkeeping pro
cesses; and Epstein plans to
extend computerization to inven
tory control.
Federated likens its operation
to that of a supermarket or de
partment store, where the user
of its products can find any
thing from tiny components to
complete instruments and sys
tems.
It estimates that there are
about 2,000 electronic distri
butors in business today with
about $1 billion in annual volume
of business.
? FOR YOUR
nPAAMM
KtUUKUO and
PHONOGRAPHS
All Types Records-Singles and Albums
Phonos from $19.95
A CHARGE PLATE STORE
TERMS
ON ALL
PHONOS'
IF
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flFZRVIUfiLUllJ MEDFORD, OREGON
f
Open Monday Night Until 9:00 p.m.
"The Store of a Thousand Thoughtful Gifts"
SHOP
TONIGHT
TILL
9:00
o
ne. ttiiii: u ne tries to be in
conspicuous about his survey, ! Mons of people, could be useless
cunt you try lo ignore if Our
impression is that you notice it
more than others, for many peo
ple have Max's habit of check
ing utensils, no matter lire.
Legend has it that old John I),
always picked up silver at his
Licorice has been a standard
medicine longer than any other
product science knows anything
annul; a remedy that played an
important part in ancient and
modern cultures for 4.000 years
must have something that is
verv good. It hardly seems pos-
setting and gave it a oiiec-ovcr-1 sible that so many people could
lightly no matter who was look- have been wrong (or so long a
i"g. lime.
237 E.
MAIN STREET
BARTllT f
PHONE: 773-3601
It I lUCMt. Mfi.
LOANS
f r r i i r
I staai ism o 19V I
0 1 1nn nnn ' on j to sansrirncusioMim
omcts moM coasi to coasi mo Hawaii
ion un imiinto i ,ow cost
illage
and Garden
Variety
Shop
Next lo Piggly Wiggly
771 Stewart Avenue
vHk., Plastic
Flnwcrt
Wreaths
Decorations
1 wy
Post Office
Open Sat.
Until
9 P.M.
Open
Week Days
'Til 9 P.M.
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"Medtord's leading Applianct
Cellar lot iht Pail 12 Ytan"
109 I. Mail
773-4J41
ILastt Mimmnte MiiisEii!
You Can Still Get Quick
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Wide Gift Selections
(GEE IE iv ITEM
M IE DD IF (ID IE DD
Stores OPEN TONIGHT Till 9
MEDFORDMafejTRIBUNE