MEUKOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOKD, OREGON
THURSDAY, Drt -'MIIEH If), 19K1
istoric Parallels Claimed in Lives of Two Johnsons
Man and Space
Lack of Goal Brought Death
To America's Dyna-Soar Plans
By ALVIN B. WEBB, JR. ! to build a laboratory-type man'
United Press International i ned platform in orbit around the
CAPE KENNEDY (UPI) 'earth. Such a program, it was
America's Dyna Soar space i felt, would automatically fall
project lived a curious life and , heir to Dyna-Soar, or an ap-
died a curious death.
Dyna - Soar was to be the
world's first space glider a
winged ship that astronauts
could truly pilot, as' opposed to
the current breed of capsules
that have the flying characteris
tics of a rock.
proximation. for use as a man
euverable shuttle bus to and
from the orbiting platform.
Axe Dyna-Soar
Thus, it was ironic that, when
U. S. military leaders an
nounced last week they would
! finally set out along both these
Except for mock - ups and ; lines, they axed Dyna-Soa
rough models, Dyna-Soar never
became more than a paper
project" in its seven-year life
despite the $400 million the Air
Force pumped sometimes
leisurely, sometimes frantical
ly, never predictably into its
blueprint blood.
Dyna-Soar's failing was the
lack of a goal, a specific mis
sion that would give it a rea
son for just being. It was handi
capped under the tag of a mili
tary vehicle, because the United
Slates steadfastly refused to es
tablish a military role for man
ned spaceflight.
Rumors that Dyna-Soar would
be "scrubbed," as space lin
guists would say, have been
rampant for years. Experts,
particularly those on the "pro"
side felt that one of two events
could save it from extinction:
Creation of a military mis
sion from man in space. Dyna
Soar as the first in line, would
have had a running start.
Creation of a 0. S. project
virtually the same breath.
Defense Secretary Robert S.
McNamara outlined plans for a
house trailer-sized space lab the
Air Force hopes to put in orbit
by 1968, and said flatly it would
be used "to determine the mili
tary usefulness of man in
space."
Under the existing philosophy
of austerity in defense opera
tions, money for the new pro
ject had to come, at least in
part, from older programs. The
"old" Dyna-Soar fell victim.
McNamara argued that the
potential for a ferrying service
did not exist with the Dyna-Soar
glider. There are numerous
technical and engineering ex
perts that think differently
the very opposite in fact
force to insure the safe return
of the spacemen.
Unless the United States is
willing to commit itself to
spending hundreds of thousands
of dollars to spread a recovery
fleet over half the surface of
the globe every time, the cap
sule technique of orbit-to-earth
transportation faces a foresee
able dead end.
Trump Suit
Dyna-Soar's trump suit was
its theoretical maneuverability
that would have permitted a
returning astronaut to guide
and control his descent, to land
in airplane fashion on land
rather than dropping like a i tne
buoyed boulder dangling at the
end of a parachute somewhere
at sea.
Dyna-Soar is dead. But the
problem of developing an ade
quate, inexpensive, dependable
shuttle service for orbital duty
is very much alive more so,
in fact, now that a space sta
tion project is reality.
Outside the Dyna-Soar glider,
the military has or had
no visible space bus service in
the works. The Civilian Nation
al Aeronautics and Space Ad
ministration (NASA) has been
flirting with so-called "lifting
By JOHN II, MILLER
The man destined to become
president of the United States
by an assassin's bullet was a
southern Democrat.
He was to turn his back on
the attitudes of his native
Southland toward the Negro.
His early education was
skimpy; his family didn't have
the money to send him to col
lege. He was a proven politician
when he arrived at the White
House, a man of integrity and
ability imbued with an out
spoken desire to serve h i s
country.
Though many historic paral
lels are present, this was not
Lyndon Baines Johnson, the
36th president of the United
Stales. It was Andrew Johnson,
the 17th.
What sort of a man was An
drew Johnson? What befell the
"other President Johnson" aft
er he took over the reins of
government on April 15,
The Air Force space station i hnili. ,.h .o hipip
win start out wun a moaincu
Gemini capsule to return as
tronauts to earth. Capsules re
quire precise guidance, a com
plicated system of parachutes
and a widespread recovery
Power Boat Racing
Sport Booms Again
Bv ROBERT WALTERS
United Press International
CINCINNATI, Ohio (UPI) -Power
boat racing ranging
from mid - ocean contests for
the pros to weekend competition
for the "Sunday sailor" has
become a booming sport, say
the men who sanction the races.
"The greatest increase is
among pleasure boat owners
who are quickly turning inlo the
water - borne version of the
sports car fan they soon learn
that racing is a far more lively
Sunday afternoon sport than
simply cruising down the riv
er," says Charles Strang, newly
reelected president of the Amer
ican Power Boat Association.
Strang, of Oshkosh, Wis., of
fered his optimistic prediction
at the close of the APBA's COth
annual convention here. "Amer
icans with increased leisure
time are turning more and more
toward boating and many are
Albany - New York Citv race
down the Hudson attracted 150
entrants and a renewal is in the
works for next year.
"One million people a year
are now viewing our races for
'unlimited' boats," Strang no-
led. "Some of the finest evi
dence of increased interest is
the competition to obtain spon
sorship of our premier races."
"Detroit put up $40,000 in
prize money an all - time
high for the 1964 Gold Cup
race, but Seattle was close be
hind with $31,500 and three oth
er cilies also bid for the major
unlimited hydroplane event,"
Slrang added.
His views were echoed by Lee
Schoenilh, of Detroit, chairman
of the APBA's Unlimited Racing
Commission, who said the in
crease in pleasure boaters
would mean "more people who
can play the sport, but like lo
watch the pros, do it a Utile nil
But in the NASA scheme of
things, projects Gemini and the
man-to - moon Apollo get the
cream. M2 and the others,
way down the line, get what is
left over, if anything, in the
way of support.
NASA's stand is logical. It is
not building manned space sta
tions. Therefore it does not need
a shuttle service.
The Air Force, however, has
permission to go ahead with the
space lab program it has lone
sought. Now, someone is going
to have to come up with a
logical means of getting men to
and Horn it.
Six-Star Rank for
MacArfhur Urged
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Son.
Start Symington, D-Mo., pro
posed Wednesday that Gen.
Douglas Mac Arthur receive the
"ultimate tribute" from the na
tion by making him a six-star
general of the armies.
The rank was conferred only
once before on the late Gen.
John J. Pershing.
Symington, in introducing a
bill lo carry oul the proposal,
said MacArthur is a "towering
figure" of the limes Uiat em
braced World War II and the
Korean conflict.
1665, following Ihe assassina
tion of Abraham Lincoln?
Who was this man, the only
U.S. president ever to be im
peached? Born In Poverty
Andrew Johnson was born
Dec. 29. 1808. in Raleigh, N.C.
His father died when Andrew
was four years old, leaving the
family in poverty.
At the age of 10, Andrew was
apprenticed to a tailor and later
made his living as a journey
man tailor.
His mother remarried and
Hie family moved to Greene
ville, Tenn., in 1826. Two years
later Andrew Johnson married
Iliza McCardle, the daughter of
a Scottish shoemaker. They
had five children.
Johnson grew into a dour
looking man of medium height
with black hair and dark eyes.
He entered politics in 1828 at
the age of 19 and was elected
an alderman in Grceneville on
a workingmen's ticket. An ag
gressive, powerful speaker, he
was re-elected twice and then
served as mayor of Greenville
for three years.
From there it was on lo two
terms in the Tennessee House
of Representatives, one term in
the stale senate, and 10 years
as a Democratic congressman.
He was governor of Tennes
see from 1853 to 1857 and then
was elected lo the U.S. Senate.
Runs with Lincoln
Lincoln, the Republican, came
up for re-election in 1864. His
running mate was Johnson, the
Democrat. The National Union
party (he Republicans
hoped that Johnson's name on
the ticket would help reorgan
ize Ihe Unionist element in the
South. The ticket won.
LV 3tVrr '
tmfOmmmtmdk . t r
ANDREW JOHNSON Wash
ingtonians find many historic
parallels linking President Lyn
don B. Johnson and Andrew
Johnson, shown here in a photo
taken during his administration
as 17th president. (UPI)
Then came April 14, 1865.
Lincoln, the shrewd chief ex
ecutive with the consummate
tact, was assassinated. In a
simple ceremony the following
day, Andrew Johnson, a man
noticeably lacking in shrewd
ness and tact, was sworn in as
the 17th president.
The Civil War had brought
about a vast expansion of llie
executive powers. This aroused
Ihe resentment of Congress.
It soon became apparent af
ter Ihe war (hat Congress was
trying to strip Johnson of his
powers. Congress atlcmpted to
limit his pardoning power be
cause of his wholesale pardons
of Confederates. Much of his
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Ideas
authority as commnnder-i n-1 Senate in 1874 but the end v;s turned to Ihe body lhat threw
chief of (he Army disappeared, near. He died on July 31, 1075, 1 out his impeachment by a sin
The passage of many bills less than one year after a re-1 gle vote.
over nis vcio ny ample majori-1 -
ties was proof that he no longer :
was able to interfere with leg
islative power.
The Final Straw
Bui Ihe straw which was to ;
break Johnson's back was the
Tenure of Office Act, passed
f .'h 2, 1867, over his veto.
The act forbade the President
to remove any office holder ap
proved by (he Senate unless
lhat body gave ils consent.
The main reason Congress
wanled (he act was lo keep Ed-1
win M. Stanton as secretary of I
war. Johnson was certain that '
Stanton was merely an inform-;
er for Congress. I
After making an unsuccessful
attempt to suspend Stanton,
Johnson formally removed him
in 1868. instructing him to turn
his office over to Gen. Lorenzo
Thomas.
Slanlon refused. The Semite
hacked him up and refused to
confirm Thomas. The House
promptly impeached Johnson
for flouting Ihe Tenure of Of
fice Act. Johnson was tried be
fore the Senate and was acquit
ted on May 26, 1868, by a vote
of 36-19, one vole short of Ihe I
necessary two-thirds to convict.
The Tenure of Office Act was !
hold unconstitutional in 1926 by ;
the Supreme Court. i3ut for
Andrew Johnson, il was (he
end.
He served out his rtn as
r esidcnl and was a candidate ,
before the next De u -ratic t
convention. He was not . omi-1
naled. He later ran unsu -ss-
fully for the Senate and the
House.
Johnson did get elected to the I
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622 N. Riverside
becoming interested in racing." t 0Cter
.u "ifTI T a : m I" addition " the -'"'y 5 GoW
Although Detroit and Seattle c race in De(roit he Ustcd
boat racing, Strang pointed to
Miami as an example of "the
rebirth of public interest in
power boat racing."
That city will utilize, for the
first time, a new marine sta
dium to accommodate specta
tors at the annual Orange Bowl
Regatta later (his month.
The APBA, sensing an in
creased interest in ocean rac
ing, has cleared Ihe way for a
uniform set of rules and proce
dures to govern such competi
tions as the Miami - Nassau and
Miami - Key West races.
Olher possible deep - water
races are planned for the Texas
Gulf coast, Miami - New York
and a Rochester. N.Y.-Toronto
competition to tie in with (he
Canadian National Exposition,
Stang said.
New York Intcrcslod
New York, home of the Gold
Cup Race Powerboaling's
world series has for many
vcars been preoccupied with a
a six - race card tor tne ism
unlimited circuit:
Six Races Listed
Gunlersville, Ala., June 21;
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, July 26;
Seattle, Aug. 9; Madison, lnd.,
Sepl. 7; Washington, D. C, Sep(.
14, and Lake Tahoe, Calif., Sept.
27.
Schoenilh's goal is lo increase
tha( list by at least one or two
races in each of the next several
years.
Already in line as candidates
for races are Cypress Gardens,
Daytona Beach, Miami and Sc
oring, Fla.; San Antonio, Dal
las and Houston, Tex.; Baton
Rouge, La.; Elizabeth City,
N. C: Honolulu; Mexico City;
San Diego, Calif.: Poison,
Mont.; Portland, Ore., and Pe
losky, Mich.
"With increased promotion,
elimination of red tape and a
wider geographic range of
races, we're convinced that
I power boat racing is the sport
host of other sports, but has i of the future both for par-
expressed new interest m rac- ticipants ana spec t a i o r s,
Ing. Strang said. This year's1 Schoenith added.
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Kidneys Planning
To Leave Hospital
NEW ORLEANS (UPD-
Dockworker Jefferson Davis,
wilh a pair of chimpanzee kid
neys miraculously hooked into
his ailing system, prepared to
return nome today tor a new
lite owed (o medical science.
Davis, 44, got his life-saving
kidneys six weeks ago. He said
loday he feels "like a man who
hasn't been sick a day in his
life."
Drugs and X-rays were win
ning a second part of the bat
tle, against the tendency of the
human body to reject all for
eign objects, including heaKhy
kidneys. By medication, doc
tors said it appeared the (rans
planl was working despite (his
tendency.
"At this time," Dr. Keith
Rccmlsma, a surgical spokes
man, said, "il appears (he re
jection mechanism of the body
has been overcome."
Second In History
Davis' operation was the sec
ond such surgery in history.
A 12-member team of Tulane
University surgeons performed
the operation Nov. 5. The first
operation, performed on a 32-year-old
unidentified woman,
was on Oct. 8. The kidneys in
this case from a rhesus mon
key failed and had lo be re
moved. She died two days later
from her original kidney dis
ease. But in the woman's case,
doctors said, anti-rejection
drugs failed.
Reemtsma explained the
drugs had been used in human-to-human
kidney transplants.
He said there was no way of
knowing how long the kidneys
would function in Davis or
when Ihe palieni's system
might reject the transplanted
organs.
Davis Feels Well
"I can't feel any better than
lhat," Davis (old newsmen
Tuesday. "I feel better than I
have (or five years. I feel like
a man who hasn't been sick a
day in his life."
Asked why he agreed In the
operation, he said the doctors
told him "I couldn't live with
what I've got. I had no choice
I wan( to outlive you all. I just
want (o survive.
Keermsma said (he main sig
nificance o( (he case was (ha(
the special drugs and X-ray
treatments apparently over'
came the body's natural tenden
cy to reject foreign tissue.
Transplantation of olher ani
mal organs into humans is not
outside (he realm of possibil
ity," he said. He said such
transplants were plagued by
(he same problem (he rejec
tion mechanism.
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