MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
THURSDAY. DECEMBER 12. 1963
A 9
Country Boy, Who Hauled Down English Flag May Succeed Nehru
By S. R. ROY
United Press International
NEW DELHI (UPI) - At the
height of British power in India
about 40 years ago, a 17-year-old
village boy named Karup
panna Kamraj came to the
south Indian city of Madras
and saw the Union Jack flut
tering over the imperial fort of
St. George.
"I shall see that flag hauled
down," the youngster swore to
himself, "and in its place the
standard of free India will go
up."
The country boy played a big
part in hauling down the Brit
ish flag. Today he is a national
figure who is often discussed as
the logical successor to aging
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Neh
ru. Karuppanna Kamraj is a
household word in India, but
has scarcely been heard of in
other countries.
But Kamraj has just been
elected to assume vast political
power as boss of the organiza
tional machine of the ruling
party, the All-India Congress
Committee.
The 60-year-old politician will
begin his two-year term as
committee president in Janu
ary. They will be crucial years
for the monolithic but moribund
national party, for unless its
house is put in order before the
next eeneral elections in 1067
the congress may either split
apart or lose power.
Only three months ago, Kam
raj was the chief minister of
India's best administered stale,
madras. He voluntarily renounc
ed tms ottice in order to go
back to the field to revive the
state party machine.
Has Little Schooling
Kamraj hails from the back
woods and had little formal
schooling. He was born in the
village of Virudinagar near the
southern tip of India, and lost
his father at the age of six.
As a husky, hotheaded youth
he won a formidable rcputa
tion as a political street fighter.
He joined the Congress party
as a full-time agitator, and
spent a year in jail for illegal
political activities.
Kamraj was back in jail in
1942, this time for alleged com-,
Dlicitv in blowing up a rail- r
road bridge. He spent the rest:
of the Second World War in i
prison. i
His wartime lan term orougni
Kamraj's brilliant organization-'
al skill to the fore. Instead of
abandoning the anti-British un
derground which he had creat-1
ed, he managed to run its op- i
erations from the inside of a :
British jail cell. !
The underground leader ana ,
alleged saboteur was a hero
when he came out of prison in
1945. By 1954 he had begun his
nine-year tour as chief minis
ter of Madras Province's 33
million people. !
Kamraj is bachelor or trugai
habits, who says he was too old : I
to marry by the time he was
able to afford it.
speaks utile tngnsn I
iamrai speaKs nine nngusn. ;
Neither does he know the offi
cial "national" language called
Hindi. These are the greatest
obstacles in the way of his be-!
coming a future ruler of India,
because any would-be prime !
minister must woo the 200 mil
lion Hindi-speaking people of, I
north India, and because most
government business is done in .
English.
But Kamraj didn't let this
prevent him from running an
efficient government in Madras,
where he stuck to setting poli
cies and left the detail work to
an able set of loyal, English-1
speaking technicians.
Kamraj has been publicly !
praised by Nehru. He has an I
appealing, "folksy" political
image. He is a ruthless oppo
nent and a skilled organizer. If j
his lack of English and Hindi
is not too overpowering a bar-)
ricr, he may be the man to
watch as Nehru ncars the end .
of his political career.
TOUGH TREE
BUENOS AIRES (UPI) -The '
Ombu tree of Argentina's pam
pas is the toughest known to the
forest industry. Its wood won't
burn, no hurricane can uproot,
it has no known diseases and
scientists have not been able to 1
discover the Ombu's life span.
Your Money's
Worth
By SYLVIA PORTER
CwifVt, Htll Syntficatt, Inc.
CRADLE-TO-GRAVE EDUCATION
(This Is the second of (wo articles on the education subject)
"Picture the event in 1994: The doorbell rings no ... the )
electronic impulse arbitron in the leisure room vibrates and
flashes on the all-purpose screen the bulky image of the Third- I
Degree Robot Officer. Third-Degree Kobototfs call in person :
for two kinds of violators only: scof flaws who hang their :
hovercraft too close to Tee-Vee aerials (difficult to avoid be
cause they are invisible); or for those who, ignoring the hourly
subliminal warnings, have not pressed their Tee-Vee school
buttons for three days running.
"Secunda, gum-chewing 12-year-old daughter of the house,
goes tn the door to argue 'and I've done all my homework for
the next veal', too.
"Metallically but clearly, the truant officer (for it is none 1 1
other than he) savs 'But I am Here lor your motnerv
With this imaginative introduction, Milton R. Stern, an
assistant dean at New York University, submits his solution ;
to the growing problem of leisure time in the United States , I
crarile-to-erave classes.
As certain as automation, says he, is adult education for
everybody and he even suggests seriously that cradle-to-gravc
classes "may soon become compulsory.
That automation Is creating an explosive problem of non
work in this country is undeniable. The U.S. Government
estimates rising nutpul-pcr-manhour, due to automation,
is now eliminating a minimum of 200.000 factory jobs a year.
A leading manufacturer of automation equipment. John L.
Snyder Jr., of the U.S. Industries, Inc.. says flatly (his is
"a gross underestimate of (he real situation." Snyder de
clares automation Is eliminating 2 million jobs a year not
nnlv throuirh direct disnlaccment of workers but also through
the "silent firings" of workers who would have been employ
ed had Ihrir lobs not been wiped out.
This, of course, is the great force behind the accelerated I
drive for a shorter workweek and union leaders openly admit I
they are fighting for shorter hours than their members really
want. , , I
This is the key reason for the development of the extended ,
vacation dramatized bv the 13-weck sabbatical recently in
itiated in the steel and can industries and certain to spread I
in coming years. i
This always has been the factor behind feathcrbedding
which is work in name only.
At the same time, as reported yesterday, non-work is one
nf Ihp fastest Browing "occupations" in the United States. Our
nnn.umrlt nnraila(ion is un to 7.3 million, triple the total in 1949,
and this group receives $100 billion a year, or one-fifth of our !
entire personal income. i
In the past only the wealthy have had the burden of too
much leisure and too few interests to enjoy the leisure. Now
it's becoming the curse of millions who have been accustomed
to filling most of their days with time-consuming tasks and
who are utterly unpreparca lor non-wurn.
Since extended leisure time is inevitable, what's the answer?
It's not more golf, more gardening, more fishing, bowling or
TV-watching. These pleasures can become tortures if there is
little else. , , , . 1
The answer is a step-up in education of the the American
adult, as well as the young, to prepare all of us to reach a
higher plateau ot literacy in every spnere economic, political,
social, cultural.
The stage Is being set for this. Closed-circuit TV in the
classroom suggests what is (o comr. The voluntary return to
classes of adults across (he nation to learn new apiininrs
and hobbies indicates how far we have moved from Ihc
noniilar Image of night school. The campaigns laurrhed
by farsightrd union, business and community leaders to
spur adult education ounng vacation ana on-nnurs huKumi
what is on the av.
The dimensions of our future adult education cannot even
be guessed, but this is sure: we are a remarkably ignorant
people and we have a long, long way to go before we can claim
otherwise.
One reason Stern's seemingly eccentric prophecy impresses
me is that subconsciously I came to it tor mysell long ago.
Whenever I've been asked what 1 11 do when 1 get on tnis rat-
rare nf a dai v column, my immediate answer nas necn:
"I'm going back to school to learn and to teach." I've al
ready arrived where item says our country is neaaing.
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